RU2213872C2 - Four-stroke internal combustion engine with mushroom-like piston - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed four-stroke internal combustion engine has mushroom-like pistons with larger diameter in upper part and smaller diameter in lower part, cylinder liners provided with projection with hole in lower part equal to smaller diameter of piston, spaces of combustion chambers, additional combustion chambers and transition channels to communicate additional chamber of left-hand cylinder with combustion chamber space of right-hand cylinder, combustion chamber space of left-hand cylinder with additional chamber of right-hand cylinder providing during working stroke in left-hand cylinder, flow of working gases from combustion chamber space of left-hand cylinder into additional chamber of right-hand cylinder. Simultaneously compression takes place in right-hand cylinder, piston of left-hand cylinder compresses air in additional chamber and said air, through transition channel, gets into space of combustion chamber of right-hand cylinder and during working stroke in right-hand cylinder, gases from space of combustion chamber of right-hand cylinder pass into additional chamber of right-hand cylinder exhaust gases pass into space of combustion chamber of left-hand cylinder where exhaust stroke takes place. At intake stroke in space of combustion chamber of left-hand cylinder and in additional chamber of right-hand cylinder, exhaust stroke takes place in space of combustion chamber of right-hand cylinder and in additional combustion chamber of left-hand cylinder, and at compression stroke in space of combustion chamber of left-hand cylinder and in additional chamber of right-hand cylinder, intake stroke takes place in additional chamber of left-hand cylinder and in space of combustion chamber of right-hand cylinder. EFFECT: simplified design. 2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The four-stroke ICE with a mushroom piston according to the principle of operation used by the main components and assemblies is similar to the existing ICE. The changes made are aimed at increasing the specific power, which will determine its scope.

 There is a multi-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine with a differential piston (patent DE 2223608). In it, the differential piston moves in a cylinder having a larger diameter in the upper part and a smaller diameter in the lower part, and forms two cavities - a combustion chamber at the top and a compression chamber at the bottom. These chambers are interconnected in a certain order through a hollow rotating gas distribution shaft. This design allows for additional air supply to the combustion chamber at the inlet stroke, ventilation of the combustion chambers at the stroke of the end of the stroke, the beginning of the release and transmission of part of the energy of the piston moving under the influence of working gases to the pistons of other cylinders in antiphase.

Disadvantages:
- the process of supplying additional air to the combustion chamber is ineffective, because does not allow to increase the pressure during the air inlet,
- ventilation of the combustion chambers at the end of the stroke requires increasing the pressure in the bypass channels to a higher value, which complicates the design,
- the amount of air supplied to the purge cannot be adjusted, it is determined constructively,
- energy transfer to the pistons of other cylinders with this design cannot be carried out smoothly and continuously, but is carried out spasmodically, which impairs the smoothness of the engine,
- the design is unjustifiably complicated and non-technological (three additional holes are introduced in the cylinders, the gas distribution mechanism is complicated, atmospheric air is taken in two places).

 Another option for improving the use of engine volume is a two-stroke internal combustion engine (patent RU 2054128 C1). It has at least two cylinders of the same diameter in which pistons with rods move. The device is shown in Fig.7. As in the previous one, the piston divides the cylinder into two cavities. The upper cavity of one cylinder bypass channel 3, 4 with a one-way valve 14 from the bottom of the other cylinder. Inlet valves are located in the lower cavity, exhaust 7 in the upper. In the lower cavity there is a stroke of intake and compression, in the upper - the working stroke and release.

Disadvantages:
- the crosshead connection of the connecting rod with the rod is necessary,
- due to the fact that the volume of the upper cavity, the transition channel and the air spent on purging is larger than the volume of the lower cavity, the time of ignition of the fuel is more strictly limited in time (the air will expand faster and lose temperature than it was compressed),
- the start time of the purge is determined by adjusting the one-way valves of the bypass channels and is not rigidly connected with the moment of ignition of the fuel,
- a pressure jump in the lower cavity at the time of starting the purge affects the smooth operation of the engine.

 The main advantage of two-stroke engines over four-stroke ones is its high power density. And specific power directly depends on the design features of the engine, which determine the smoothness of its operation. The proposed four-stroke engine solves the problem of increasing specific power while increasing smoothness and stability.

 The prototype of an internal combustion engine with a mushroom piston according to the principle of exposure to working gases is a double-acting engine (Design and operation of reciprocating and combined engines. A. S. Orlin. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1970). Its device is shown in Fig. 1. Designations: 6 - cylinder, 10 - piston, 11 - rod, 12 - crosshead, 13 - connecting rod. The piston is connected to the crankshaft via a crosshead and a connecting rod. Crosshead provides rectilinear stem movement. Advantages: an increase in the number of ticks by a factor of two per unit time, hence the increase in power density by 80-85%. The disadvantage is the complexity of the design.

 A four-stroke ICE with a mushroom-shaped piston differs from the prototype in that it uses a piston with a larger diameter in the upper part and a smaller cylinder in the lower part and copying its shape (if the piston is in the BDC).

 Such a device allows it to enter, in addition to the main combustion chamber located above the piston, and an additional one located between the thickening of the piston and the protrusion of the cylinder.

 The main element inherent in the double-acting engine and the mushroom piston engine is the presence of two combustion chambers.

Differences:
- in an engine with a mushroom-shaped piston, the cavity 2 of the combustion chamber (lower) does not have its valves and nozzles and is connected by a transition channel to the cavity 1 (upper) of the adjacent cylinder,
- in the proposed engine there is no crosshead and rod,
- the number of measures per unit time is not increased, but the action of one measure is distributed immediately to two cylinders,
- the volume of the cavity 1 is significantly larger than the volume of the cavity 2.

 Thus, the mushroom piston engine realizes the main advantages of the double-acting engine with a significant simplification of the design.

 The solution to this problem is that a four-stroke internal combustion engine containing mushroom-shaped pistons with a thickening, with a larger diameter in the upper part and with a smaller diameter in the lower part, cylinder liners having a diameter equal to the larger diameter of the piston in the upper part and in the lower parts having a protrusion with an opening equal to the smaller diameter of the piston, cavities of the combustion chambers located above the pistons, cavities between the thickening of the piston and the protrusion of the sleeve, which are additional chambers, and transition channels that are communicate the additional chamber of the left cylinder with the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder, and the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder with the additional chamber of the right cylinder, providing during the working stroke in the left cylinder the flow of working gases from the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder into the additional chamber of the right cylinder, compression occurs in the right cylinder, the piston of the left cylinder compresses the air in the additional chamber, which flows through the transition channel into the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder, and and the working stroke in the right cylinder, gases from the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder flow into the additional chamber of the left cylinder, and from the additional chamber of the right cylinder the exhaust gases flow into the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder, where, at the intake stroke, into the combustion chamber of the left cylinder cylinder and in the additional chamber of the right cylinder, in the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder and in the additional combustion chamber of the left cylinder, a release stroke occurs, and with a compression stroke in the cavity of the cam Combustion of the left cylinder and in the additional chamber of the right cylinder, in the additional combustion chamber of the left cylinder and in the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder, an intake stroke occurs.

 Graphic material.

 Figure 1. Double-acting internal combustion engine.

 FIG. 2. A longitudinal section of an internal combustion engine with a mushroom piston.

 FIG. 3. The operation of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine with a mushroom piston in tacts.

 Figure 4. The table of the sequence of strokes of a two-cylinder engine with a mushroom-shaped piston.

по фазам вращения коленчатого вала.Figure 5. Strength Chart

on phases of rotation of a cranked shaft.

 FIG. 6. Scheme of forces acting on the piston and crankshaft of a conventional engine at the stroke of the stroke.

7. Two-stroke internal combustion engine, patent RU 2054128 C1,
FIG. 8. A longitudinal section of a four-cylinder engine with a mushroom-shaped piston.

 The device of the internal combustion engine with a mushroom piston is shown in Fig.2. The cavity 1 is the main, and the cavity 2 additional combustion chambers. The cavity 2 occupies the volume between the thickening of the piston 5 and the protrusion of the cylinder liner 6. The cavity 2 of the left cylinder is connected by the transition channel 3 with the cavity 1 of the right, and the cavity 1 of the left cylinder with the transition channel 4 with the cavity 2 of the right. Other designations: 7 - valves, 8 - nozzles or candles, 9 - compression rings.

 FIG. 3. The principle of operation on the example of a two-cylinder diesel engine, pistons and valves are depicted in the position of the beginning of the cycle without taking into account the advance angles.

 A. In the left cylinder fuel injection, the beginning of the stroke working stroke. When moving from top to bottom dead center, the piston opens the transition channel A with its body and the working gases from the cavity 1 of the left cylinder flow into the cavity 2 of the right cylinder, acting on the pistons of both cylinders. In the right cylinder compression stroke. The piston of the left cylinder compresses the air in the cavity 2, which flows through the transition channel 3 into the cavity 1 of the right cylinder.

 B. Working stroke in the cavity 1 of the right cylinder. When the piston moves, the transition channel 3 opens and the working gases from the cavity 1 of the right cylinder flow into the cavity 2 of the left. From the cavity 2 of the right cylinder, the exhaust gases flow through the channel 4 into the cavity 1 of the left, the exhaust stroke occurs.

 B. The left cylinder is the intake stroke in cavity 1 and in cavity 2 of the right cylinder. In the cavity 2 of the left and in the cavity 1 of the right - release.

 D. In the cavity 1 of the left cylinder and in the cavity 2 of the right compression stroke. In the cavity 2 of the left and cavity 1 of the right is the inlet.

- результирующая всех сил, действующих на поршень. В точке соединения поршня с шатуном она раскладывается на силу

, направленную перпендикулярно к оси поршня, и силу

, направленную вдоль оси шатуна. В свою очередь сила

в точке соединения шатуна с коленчатым валом раскладывается на силу

- нормальную, направленную к центру вращения, и силу

- направленную по касательной к окружности вращения и создающую момент вращения.FIG. 6. Scheme of forces acting on the piston and crankshaft.

- the result of all the forces acting on the piston. At the point of connection of the piston with the connecting rod, it decomposes into force

directed perpendicular to the axis of the piston, and the force

directed along the connecting rod axis. Power in turn

at the connecting point of the connecting rod with the crankshaft decomposes on the force

- normal, directed to the center of rotation, and force

- directed along the tangent to the circle of rotation and creating a moment of rotation.

от фазы вращения коленчатого вала. Выполнен в одном масштабе.FIG. 5. The graph of the dependence of power

from the phase of rotation of the crankshaft. Made in one scale.

для обычного двигателя с двумя цилиндрами со сдвигом тактов на 180^o (Устройство и работа поршневых и комбинированных двигателей. А.С. Орлин. М.: Машиностроение, 1970 г.):
- - - - левый цилиндр,
- • - • - правый цилиндр,
-------- результирующая.A. Graph of force

for a conventional engine with two cylinders with a clock cycle shift of 180 ^o (Design and operation of piston and combined engines. A.S. Orlin. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1970):
- - - - the left cylinder,
- • - • - the right cylinder,
-------- resulting.

в двигателе с грибовидным поршнем для левого и правого цилиндров соответственно. Очередность тактов из таблицы фиг. 4. Принимается, что объем полости 1 в два раза больше объема полости 2, а их сумма равна объему камеры сгорания обычного двигателя, график А:
- - - - полость 1,
- • - • - полость 2,
------- результирующая.B, C. Graphs of changes in strength

in a mushroom piston engine for the left and right cylinders, respectively. The sequence of measures from the table of FIG. 4. It is assumed that the volume of the cavity 1 is two times larger than the volume of the cavity 2, and their sum is equal to the volume of the combustion chamber of a conventional engine, graph A:
- - - - cavity 1,
- • - • - cavity 2,
------- resulting.

обоих цилиндров двигателя с грибовидным поршнем.G. Graph of total strength

both engine cylinders with mushroom piston.

 From a comparison of the resulting forces T of a conventional engine and an engine with a mushroom-shaped piston, it can be seen that the second has a greater smoothness of operation on the compression strokes and the stroke.

 FIG. 7. A variant of a four-stroke (or a multiple of four) engine with a mushroom-shaped piston. It differs from the considered one in that it does not have a transition channel 4, cavities 1 and 2 of all cylinders are connected in series in a ring.

Claims (1)

 A four-stroke internal combustion engine containing mushroom-shaped pistons with a thickening, with a larger diameter in the upper part and with a smaller diameter in the lower part, cylinder liners having a diameter equal to a larger piston diameter in the upper part, and in the lower part having a protrusion with an opening equal to the smaller diameter of the piston, the cavity of the combustion chambers located above the pistons, the cavity between the thickening of the piston and the protrusion of the liner, which are additional combustion chambers, and transition channels, characterized in that the transition channel You communicate the additional chamber of the left cylinder with the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder, and the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder with the additional chamber of the right cylinder, providing during the working stroke in the left cylinder the flow of working gases from the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder into the additional chamber of the right cylinder, compression occurs in the right cylinder, the piston of the left cylinder compresses the air in the additional chamber, which flows through the transition channel into the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder, during a working stroke in the right cylinder, gases from the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder flow into the additional chamber of the left cylinder, and from the additional chamber of the right cylinder the exhaust gases flow into the cavity of the combustion chamber of the left cylinder, where, at the intake stroke, into the combustion chamber of the left cylinder cylinder and in the additional chamber of the right cylinder, in the cavity of the combustion chamber of the right cylinder and in the additional combustion chamber of the left cylinder, a release stroke occurs, and with a compression stroke in the cavity amers left cylinder and combustion in the additional chamber of the right cylinder in the additional chamber of the left cylinder and combustion chamber in the combustion chamber of the right cylinder intake stroke occurs.

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