RU2208597C2 - Plant for production of purified drinkable water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: complex purification of drinkable water and increase of its biological value. SUBSTANCE: plant has heat-insulated vessel with heater, water coarse filter interconnected with each other by pipeline with regulating member, heat accumulator-regenerator made in form of heat exchanger with, at least, two heat-exchanging ribbed tubes located inside case filled with heat-accumulating and heat-conducting fluid, water freezing unit in form of heat-insulating vessel with inlet and outlet pipes. Said heat-insulating vessel is made in form of trapezium with upward expansion and side walls provided from outside with coil pipe connected to cold source, with ribs inside. External surface of vessel lower wall has heater, and its internal surface has means for trapping of water harmful fraction, unit of purified water reverse mineralization and accumulating vessel. EFFECT: reduced power consumption and operation expenditures and higher quality of water purification due to specific mutual arrangement of plant main members. 6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for activating water by non-reactive methods, in particular thermophysical, and is intended for the comprehensive purification of drinking water from heavy water, impurities and gases dissolved in it, including freezing, with an increase in its biological value and giving it thawed properties water.

 A known installation for producing purified biologically active medicinal drinking water, comprising a housing, inside of which, through the pipelines, a coarse filter, a section with permanent magnets and a mineralizer are connected in series in the direction of the purified water. The water treated in such an installation has enhanced biological properties, however, the use of a magnetic field for the treatment of drinking water is associated with both technical difficulties and the unpredictability of the effect of the magnetic field on water. In addition, the limited resource of expensive filters does not allow to increase the performance of the installation [patent of the Russian Federation 2098358, cl. C 02 F 1/48, 1997, patent of Ukraine 20169, cl. C 02 F 1/48, 1997].

 A known installation for the preparation of degassed water, containing a container with water heating means, connected by pipelines to a tank having a heat exchanger, a floating cap with a seal, pipes for supplying non-degassed water and drainage of degassed water [Zelepukhin V.D., Zelepukhin I.D. "The key to living water", Alma-Ata, Kaynar, 1987].

 The disadvantage of the method of water activation in this installation is the rapid, for several hours, reverse oxidation of purified water by gases in the air, which reduces the quality of the purified water.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is an installation for the purification of drinking water, containing two containers installed one above the other, and a refrigeration unit, comprising an evaporator, compressor, condenser and regulatory body connected in series to the circulation circuit. The containers are interconnected by a line containing a locking element and a filter, and the evaporator is placed between the containers, with the upper part of the evaporator made in the form of a contact surface with the upper tank, and the lower one in the form of a body entering the lower tank. The upper tank is equipped with a heater [patent of the Russian Federation 2128144, class. C 02 F 1/22, 1999].

 In the process of the known installation, the upper tank is filled with water and through the heater is degassed at a temperature close to the boiling point. Initially, water cooling is carried out using a refrigeration unit operating in the heat pump mode. After a certain decrease in water temperature with the help of a regulator, the refrigeration unit is switched to cooling mode, which accelerates the cooling of water in the tank and leads to freezing out of it of heavy water, part of which in the form of a thin layer of ice together with ordinary water is deposited on the walls of the tank, and part goes over into microcrystals formed in the volume of cooled water. Then cold water is poured into the refrigerated lower container, while microcrystals of heavy water located in the liquid volume are retained on the filter and, together with the water thawed from the walls of the upper container, are discharged into the sewer.

 Degassed, structured, and purified from heavy constituents water is frozen on the central body of the evaporator of the lower tank until a piece of ice appears in the central part, and water residues containing harmful organic impurities, heavy metal ions, nitrates, nitrites, salts, etc., merge into sewer.

 Defrosting of pure water concentrated in a piece of ice is carried out due to the circulation of the warm refrigerant of the cooling device, switched to the heat pump mode.

 The main disadvantage of the known water treatment plant is the high energy consumption due to the design of the main element of the installation in the form of two tanks with an evaporator of the refrigeration unit placed between them. Since the water purification process is carried out in stages, by successively producing certain thermophysical influences, only part of the evaporator is useful. For example, if the water purification process is carried out in the upper tank, then ice is frozen only on the part of the evaporator adjacent to this tank, and the cold lower part of the evaporator, brought into the second tank, is not involved, however, it takes up a significant part of the heat influx from the tank and the surrounding environment, which ultimately leads to an increase in the load on the refrigeration unit.

 Another factor leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the known installation is the switching of the refrigeration unit to work in the heat pump mode for cooling heated and defrosting frozen water. In addition, the use of the same refrigeration unit for different modes does not allow optimization of its individual elements in terms of cooling capacity and power consumption, but in practice requires additional bypass lines for the movement of refrigerant, control and switching devices, which complicates the design, increases operating costs and thereby reducing the cost of the known installation.

 In addition, the need for some modes of operation of the unit to remove and move pieces of ice from the lower tank for defrosting in air leads to a complication of the design due to the use of additional nodes that ensure undocking of the tank elements and disconnection of water pipelines from it. Thawing of ice in the environment leads to contamination of the purified water with dust, bacteria, spores and other microorganisms in the air, which reduces its quality.

 The basis of the invention is the task of improving the well-known installation for producing purified drinking water, in which due to the introduction of additional elements for heat recovery, water flows, structural changes and the relative position of the main elements, it is possible to carry out pressure-free flow of water due to gravitational forces, simultaneously simultaneously repeating processes of heating-boiling and cooling-freezing, which reduces energy costs and operating costs, p increase the efficiency of the installation and the quality of purified water.

 The problem is solved in that in the installation for producing purified drinking water containing a thermally insulated container with a heater, a coarse water filter, interconnected by a pipeline with a regulatory body, a water freezing unit and a cold source, according to the invention it is additionally equipped with a heat accumulator-regenerator made in the form of a heat exchanger with at least two finned tubes placed inside a casing filled with thermally accumulating heat-conducting liquid, com reverse mineralization of purified water, which is a container filled with a nozzle made of minerals, having a distribution pipe in the lower part, and a pipe for removing mineralized water in the upper part, and a storage tank for purified mineralized water, the water freezing unit is a heat-insulated container with inlet and outlet pipes made in the form of a trapezoid with an extension upward, the side walls of which are provided externally with a coil connected to a cold source, inside - with finning, on the bunk a heater is placed on the bottom surface of the tank, and on its inner surface there is a means for trapping the harmful fraction of the water being cleaned, while the inlet pipe of one of the finned tubes of the heat accumulator-regenerator is in communication with the coarse water filter, and its outlet pipe is in communication with the inlet pipe water freezing unit, the inlet pipe of another finned pipe is in communication with the outlet pipe of the freezing unit through a pipeline with a regulatory body, and its output pipe communicates via a conduit to a distribution nozzle reverse water salinity unit.

 In addition, the problem is solved by the fact that the pipe for discharging mineralized water of the reverse mineralization unit is communicated through a pipeline with a storage tank of purified mineralized water.

 In addition, the problem is solved in that the outlet pipe of one of the finned tubes of the heat accumulator-regenerator is in communication with the storage tank through a pipeline with a shut-off valve.

 In addition, the problem is solved in that the tank with a heater, a heat accumulator-regenerator, a block of freezing water, a block of reverse mineralization and a storage tank are installed in height with the possibility of pressureless flow of water due to gravitational forces.

 In addition, the problem is solved in that the tank with the heater, the water freezing unit and the storage tank are equipped with air purification filters.

 In addition, the problem is solved in that the means for trapping the harmful fraction of the water is made in the form of a hemisphere and a tray communicated with a drain pipe.

 The supply of the installation for producing purified drinking water with a heat accumulator-regenerator, made in the form of a heat exchanger, with at least two finned tubes placed inside a casing filled with heat-conducting liquid, allows providing alternate flow through the finned hot water pipes after boiling in a tank with a heater and cold - after thawing in the freezing unit and thereby improve the heat transfer between the purified drinking water and the heat-accumulating heat-conducting liquid, ensure regeneration (cooling of hot water flowing from the tank with the heater to the freezing unit due to the cold water thawing after freezing), and therefore, significantly reduce the energy costs associated with cooling and subsequent freezing of water and increase the efficiency of the installation.

 The implementation of the inventive installation in the form of separate, interconnected units, makes it possible to carry out simultaneously alternating processes of heating-boiling and cooling-freezing water, which reduces energy costs, the time of the water treatment process and thereby increase the efficiency of the installation.

 The implementation of the capacity of the freezing unit in the form of a trapezoid with the expansion upward and supplying its side walls with a coil from the outside, and inside with a fin, provides the physical processes of thermal separation of water.

 The implementation of the means for trapping a harmful fraction of water in the form of a hemisphere and a tray connected with a drain pipe allows you to completely catch and remove the harmful fraction of water, which helps to improve the quality of purified (melt) water.

 Providing the unit with a reverse mineralization unit of purified (melt) water with a nozzle of minerals allows you to restore the properties lost in boiling water naturally inherent in mineral water, which makes it possible to increase the biological value of purified water and its quality.

 The connection of one of the pipes of the heat accumulator-regenerator directly with the storage tank of purified mineralized water allows the unit to be used in a simplified mode of operation to produce degassed boiled chilled water if it does not require additional purification by freezing and giving it the properties of melt water, which extends the functionality of the installation.

 Placement of a tank for heating water, a thermal accumulator-regenerator, a freezing block, a reverse mineralization water block and a storage tank of purified mineralized water in height with the possibility of pressure free flow of water under the influence of gravitational forces and combining them into a single circulation system reduces energy costs and operating costs and increases the cost of installation .

 The implementation of the heat accumulator-regenerator in the form of a heat exchanger with at least two finned tubes located inside a casing filled with heat-accumulating heat-conducting liquid provides alternating flow of hot water after boiling and cold after defrosting in the freezing unit, which improves heat transfer between the water being cleaned and the heat-accumulating liquid and provides heat recovery of the water flow, which leads to a reduction in energy costs associated with cooling and subsequent freezing eat water in the freezing unit.

 The drawing schematically shows the inventive installation.

The installation for producing purified drinking water contains a thermally insulated container 1 with a heater 2, an inlet pipe 3 and a level gauge 4, connected to the atmosphere through a funnel 5, on which an air purification filter 6, a rough water purification filter 7 connected via a pipeline 8 and a regulating body 9 are fixed with an outlet pipe 3 of a container 1, a block 10 of freezing water, which is a thermally insulated container 11 with pipes 12 and 13 of the inlet of chilled water and the outlet of purified (melt) water, respectively, and the source of cold (n not shown). The heat-insulated container 11 is made in the form of a trapezoid with an upward expansion, the side walls of which are equipped with a coil 14 on the outside, the ends of the tubes 15 of which are connected to a cold source, inside - with a fin 16. A heater 17 is placed on the outer surface of the lower wall of the tank 11, and it is installed on its inner surface means for trapping the harmful fraction of the water being cleaned, made in the form of a hemisphere 18 and a pan 19 connected to the drain pipe 20 with a shut-off valve 21. The tank 11 is connected to the atmosphere through a funnel 22 and a filter 23, air purification, and should be made of environmentally friendly material capable of withstanding cyclical temperature variation of the order of +50 ^o C - -30 ^o C and not collapse during the water-phase transition.

 The installation is also equipped with a heat accumulator-regenerator 24, located between the tank 1 and the water freezing unit 10, made in the form of a heat exchanger with at least two finned tubes 25 and 26, located inside the casing 27, filled with thermally accumulating heat-conducting liquid, block 28 for mineralization of purified water , which is a container filled with a nozzle 29 of minerals and having a distribution pipe 30 in the lower part and a pipe 31 for collecting and discharging mineralized water in the upper part, and storage tank 32 for collecting purified mineralized water, on the upper wall of which is placed an air purification filter 33. The inlet pipe 34 of one of the pipes 25 of the heat accumulator-regenerator 24 is communicated through the filter 7 of coarse water treatment, the pipe 8 and the regulating body 9 with the inlet pipe 3 of the tank 1, and its outlet pipe 35 is connected through the pipe 36 to the outlet pipe 12 of the freezing unit 10. The inlet pipe 37 of the other pipe 26 of the heat accumulator-regenerator 24 is communicated through a pipe 38 and a regulating body 39 with the outlet pipe 13 of the water freezing unit 10, and its outlet pipe 40 is communicated through a pipe 41 with a distribution pipe 30 of the water mineralization block 28. The pipe 31 for collecting and discharging mineralized water is communicated through a pipe 42 with a storage tank 32.

 If necessary, for example, for purification of drinking water without freezing, the outlet pipe 35 of the pipe 25 can be communicated through a pipe 43 with a shut-off valve 44 directly with a storage tank 32.

 Capacity 1, heat accumulator-regenerator 24, block 10 freezing water, block 28 reverse mineralization of water and storage tank 32 are installed in height with the possibility of pressureless (free) flow of water due to gravitational forces from tank 1 to block 10 freezing water, and from block 10 through the heat accumulator-regenerator 24 and the block 23 reverse mineralization of water into the storage tank 32 of purified mineralized water.

 The installation for obtaining purified drinking water as follows.

 Before starting work, all regulators and shut-off valves are in the “Closed” position.

 Water through the funnel 5 with the removed filter 6 for air purification is poured into a container 1, the level of which is controlled by a level gauge 4. Heater 2 is turned on, and the water is heated to a boil. The boiling process is carried out for 1-2 minutes, while water is degassed through the funnel 5 and filter 6, after which the heater 2 is turned off, the regulator 9 is opened and water is from the tank 1, pipe 3, the pipeline 8 passes into the filter 7 for rough water treatment where it is cleaned of mechanical impurities, rust, etc. and through the inlet pipe 34 through the finned tube 25 flows into the heat accumulator-regenerator 24, in which the hot water is pre-cooled, while heating the heat-accumulating heat-conducting liquid. Through the outlet pipe 35 of the finned tube 25, the cooled water flows through the pipe 36 into the container 11 of the water freezing unit 10. To ensure free flow of water from the thermal accumulator-regenerator 24 into the block 10 of freezing water, the filter 23 for air purification on the funnel 22 should be open.

Then, through the pipes 15, a coolant is supplied to the coil 14 from the cold source, which cools the external and internal finned side walls of the tank 11. In the process of freezing water, its components are redistributed by volume, while heavy isotopes containing deuterium and tritium begin to crystallize earlier, being placed on the cold surfaces of the container 11, then the pristine water freezes, and in the central part of the volume of the frozen liquid, the brine part of the water is concentrated, which freezes at lower temperatures Urach (from -5 ^o C to -7 ^o C) than the pristine water.

 After complete freezing of the water, the coolant flow stops and the process of slow ice melting begins, for which the heater 17 in contact with the walls of the tank 11 is turned on. The ice melting process begins with the peripheral part located near the heated walls of the tank 11. Water containing heavy isotopes drains into the tray 19 and after thawing of 2.0-3.0 mm of ice from the walls and ribs 16, the valve 21 opens and this part of the dirty water drains through the pipe 20. After draining the dirty water containing heavy isotopes from the pan 19, the valve 21 s it stops and the ice thawing process continues until a turbid lump of brine ice is formed in pure protium water, which makes up approximately 8-10% of the volume of all frozen water, after which the heater 17 is turned off and the regulator 39 and water with melt water properties are opened through the pipe 13 through the pipe 38 flows into the finned tube 26 of the heat accumulator-regenerator 24, while it is heated, cooling the heat-accumulating heat-conducting fluid, and through the pipe 40 flows through the pipe 41 Distribution pipe 30 unit 28 inverse salinity water, where it splits into streams uniformly flowing upwardly through the nozzle 29 of solid minerals and under their action restores the lost by boiling properties inherent natural mineral water. Purified mineralized water with the properties of melt water through the pipe 31 through the pipe 42 flows into the storage tank 32, from where it is supplied to the consumer.

Melt water with a temperature close to 0 ^o C, coming from the freezing unit 10 to the heat accumulator-regenerator 24, cools the heat-accumulating heat-conducting liquid, which is further used, as described above, for cooling hot water flowing from the tank 1 to the freezing unit 10 . Thus, heat recovery of the phase transition of water is carried out. Using regulatory bodies 9 and 39, the flow of water that is optimal for heat transfer is ensured.

 As the protium water flows out of the tank 11, the accumulated ice lump of the brine part of the water drops down and enters the hemisphere 18. After the flow of the protium water to the storage tank 32 is completed, the regulatory body 39 closes. Further defrosting of the iceball of the brine part of the water takes place inside the hemisphere 18. To drain the dirty fraction of liquid accumulated in the hemisphere 18, the shut-off valve 21 is opened and the water is drained through the pipe 20, after which the valve 21 is closed and the above sequence of operations is repeated.

 The inventive installation can be used in a simplified mode to obtain degassed boiled chilled water, if you do not need additional water purification by freezing and giving it the properties of melt water, for example when using sufficiently clean water. The operation of the installation in this mode is as follows. Water through the funnel 5 with the removed air purification filter 6 and the closed regulatory body 9 is poured into the tank 1 and is heated and degassed by the heater 2, after which the regulatory body 9 and the shut-off valve 44 are opened and the water flows through the coarse filter 7 into the heat accumulator-regenerator 24, in which it is cooled, passing through the finned tube 25, and through the pipe 43 flows into the storage tank 32.

 Thus, the use of the invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of water purification, improve the process of its production, increase its biological value by removing harmful impurities from it, including heavy water, the concentration of which in ordinary tap water can reach 0.015 atomic%, and also protect purified water from pollution on contact with air.

Claims (6)

 1. Installation for producing purified drinking water, containing a thermally insulated container with a heater, a coarse water filter, interconnected by a pipeline with a regulatory body, a water freezing unit and a cold source, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a heat accumulator-regenerator made in the form of a heat exchange apparatus with at least two finned tubes placed inside a casing filled with thermally accumulating heat-conducting liquid, the block of reverse mineralization is cleaned water, which is a container filled with a nozzle made of minerals, having a distribution pipe in the lower part, and a pipe for removing mineralized water in the upper part, and a storage tank for purified mineralized water, the water freezing unit is a thermally insulated container with inlet and outlet pipes made in in the form of a trapezoid with an extension upward, the side walls of which are provided externally with a coil connected to a cold source, inside - with finning, on the outer surface of the lower wall e a heater is placed on the bone, and on its inner surface there is a means for trapping the harmful fraction of the water being purified, while the inlet pipe of one of the pipes of the heat accumulator-regenerator is in communication with the coarse water filter, and its outlet pipe is communicated by means of a pipe with the outlet pipe of the freezing unit, the inlet pipe the other finned pipe is in communication with the inlet pipe of the freezing unit by means of a pipeline with a regulating body, and its outlet pipe is communicated by means of a pipe with predelitelnym nozzle block reverse salinity treated water.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe for discharging mineralized water of the reverse mineralization unit is communicated by means of a pipeline with a storage tank of purified mineralized water.  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet pipe of one of the finned tubes of the heat accumulator-regenerator is in communication with the storage tank through a pipeline with a shut-off valve.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank with a heater, a heat accumulator-regenerator, a block of freezing water, a block for reverse mineralization of purified water and a storage tank are installed in height with the possibility of free flow of water due to gravitational forces.  5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank with a heater, the water freezing unit and the storage tank are equipped with air purification filters.  6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for trapping the harmful fraction of water is made in the form of a hemisphere and a tray communicated with a drain pipe.