RU2128144C1 - Potable water purification plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plants for purification of potable water from heavy water, admixtures and dissolved substances and gases and imparting properties of method snow to it. SUBSTANCE: plant includes two reservoirs mounted one above other and refrigerating unit which has evaporator, compressor, condenser and adjusting member connected in succession in circulating loop. Reservoir are communicated through line fitted with shut-off member. Evaporator is mounted between these reservoirs. Upper portion of evaporator is made in form of surface of contact with upper reservoir and its portion is made in form of body entering the lower reservoir. Such arrangement and connection of reservoirs with each other and with evaporator ensures cooling of content of upper and lower reservoirs by one and the same evaporator, thus providing for compactness of plant and making it possible to manufacture the plant as self-contained domestic unit and as a component of domestic refrigerator. Plant provides for producing potable water free of heavy water and possessing the properties of melted snow at lesser consumption of power and time. Besides that, plant may be used for production of clean ice or melted snow without heating potable water in upper reservoir, as well as direct freezing of potable water in lower reservoir without preliminary treatment in upper reservoir, thus making it possible to select required mode of operation depending on quality of water and its purpose. EFFECT: compactness of plant; considerable or complete automation of process; considerable simplification of production of ice or melted snow in the home. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to refrigeration and is intended for the comprehensive purification of drinking water, including by freezing, with an increase in its biological value due to giving it the properties of melt water.

 The need for additional purification of drinking tap water at home is caused by increasing pollution of natural waters, their poor quality treatment at centralized water treatment plants, as well as secondary pollution in water supply networks, many of which have damage and a significant degree of wear.

In addition, the post-treatment of drinking water by freezing is attractive from the point of view of obtaining melt water, which is the most valuable for everyday use and has a healing effect on the human body. Laboratory studies have shown that melt water differs from ordinary water primarily in its structure, similar to the molecular structure of ice. A similar structure has water associated with cellular protoplasm of the human body. Water with an ordered structure is actively involved in the bioenergetic processes of the cell. There is reason to believe that meltwater not only increases the physical resources of a living organism, but also prevents syneresis - a decrease in the water content in cells in old age. It has been observed that in 12 hours the biological activity of freshly thawed water decreases by about half [see 1, p. 27-28, and also 2, p. 264-272)]
A well-known method of obtaining melt water at home is to use a large refrigerator, through which a line of enameled pots moves through the freezer: two in the freezer, the third thaw [see 2, p. 268].

 The disadvantages of this method are the inefficient use of the freezer volume, problems with food storage in the case of an insufficiently large freezer volume, as well as the great complexity and inconvenience of a purely practical nature, usually leading to the refusal to prepare melt water at home.

 A known installation for the purification of drinking water, containing two containers installed one above the other, and a refrigeration unit, comprising a series evaporator, compressor, condenser and regulator connected in series to the circulation circuit [see 3], providing melt water.

 The upper tank of such a unit (receiving tank) is connected to the line for supplying water to the unit, and the lower tank (melt water storage tank) is connected to the line for draining water from the unit.

 In addition, the unit includes an ice maker, which is a flat evaporator located in a heat-insulated casing, in the upper part of which a horizontal partition is installed with the formation of a gap between its edges and the walls of the flat evaporator.

In the process of operation of the given installation, water from the upper tank (receiving tank) is initially supplied to the pre-cooling heat exchanger, where its temperature drops to 5-6 ^o C, and then into the cavity (receiving pocket) formed by the inner surface of the upper part of the insulated casing and a horizontal partition . In this cavity, the water is cooled down to 1-2 ^° C and then, through the gap between the horizontal partition and the walls of the flat evaporator, flows a thin film on the outer surface of the evaporator. Due to the boiling of the refrigerant in the evaporator, an ice layer is frozen on its outer surface, while the non-frozen water flows into the lower part of the heat-insulated casing (receiving pocket), from where it is sent to the heat exchanger for pre-cooling the water supplied to the upper part of the heat-insulated casing, and then discharged into sewer.

 After reaching an ice layer thickness of 2 to 10 mm (the ice is thinner at the top of the evaporator, the ice is thicker at the bottom), the gap gap between the horizontal partition and the outer surface of the flat evaporator is clogged with ice, which is the reason for stopping the water supply to the upper part of the insulated casing and turning off the refrigerator unit.

 Due to natural heat inflows through the walls of the insulated casing, as well as through perforations made in the central part of the casing, the ice gradually begins to melt, washing away the brine from intercrystalline cavities and getting rid of microinclusions of salts. The first portions of melt water, which in the case of tap water purification make up about 5-10% of the mass of frozen ice, are discharged into the sewer, and the subsequent ones are sent to the lower tank - the melt water storage.

The melt water obtained in this way not only has increased biological activity, but also contains, in comparison with the source water, a smaller amount of heavy water (D ₂ O), if the fraction of crystallized water does not exceed 10% of the total mass of water passed through the ice maker.

 The main disadvantage of the above installation for the purification of drinking water is the relatively large proportion of non-freezing water drained into the sewer. So, in order to achieve a noticeable decrease in the content of heavy water in ice frozen on the evaporator, from the total amount of water passing through the ice maker, no more than 10% of the initial water should be turned into ice. With a larger proportion of ice produced, the content of heavy water in it will approach the composition of the source water. Given the need for additional discharge into the sewers of the first portions of melt water, when freezing tap water constituting 5-10% of the mass of frozen ice, the total loss of drinking water will be from 90.5 to 91.0%. This means that to get one liter of purified drinking water, a bucket of tap water needs to be drained into the sewer. Given the high cost of tap water, which can still increase with the introduction of more advanced technologies for its treatment at centralized water treatment plants, as well as the shortage of fresh water in nature (especially pure), the widespread use of the known drinking water treatment plant seems extremely wasteful and unprofitable for economic reasons .

 Another factor leading to an additional decrease in the efficiency of the above installation is the loss of part of the cold accumulated in unfrozen water in the ice maker associated with under-recovery in the heat exchanger, which transfers the cold from the unfrozen water drained into the sewer to the water supplied to the ice maker. These losses will be the greater, the greater the amount of unfrozen water will be drained into the sewer.

Serious disadvantages of this installation are also:
- the complexity of the installation scheme associated with the presence of a special heat exchanger and a large number of communications, shut-off and control elements;
- relatively large dimensions. For example, to obtain 2 liters of purified drinking water, the required length of the evaporator with a width of 20 cm should be at least 100 cm;
- a significant length of the working cycle for obtaining melt water in connection with the implementation of the melting of ice due to natural heat inflows and heat inflows through perforation in the center of a thermally insulated casing;
- large quantities of discharged unfrozen water require mandatory connection to the sewage system, which is not always convenient, since the planning of a significant number of kitchens is not designed for this.

 In addition, another disadvantage of this installation is the lack of functionality for degassing water and giving it the properties of melt water without the use of freezing processes, which may be required to give the ice an especially fast structure when its additional purification is not required, for example, when using spring or Baikal water water.

 The objective of the present invention is to remedy the above disadvantages, improve the quality of drinking water, simplify and reduce the cost of obtaining melt water of high purity at home.

 This object is achieved in that in the installation for the purification of drinking water, containing two containers installed one above the other, and a refrigeration unit including an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a regulating unit connected in series to the circulation circuit, the containers are interconnected by a line containing a shut-off element and the evaporator is placed between the containers, while the upper part of the evaporator is made in the form of a contact surface with the upper tank, and the lower one in the form of a body entering the lower tank.

 Due to this arrangement and interconnection of the containers with each other and with the evaporator, it is possible to cool the upper and lower tanks, in which the processes of water purification and freezing are carried out, using a common evaporator, which, on the one hand, simplifies installation by eliminating additional cooling devices, such as like heat exchangers, coils and some other elements, and on the other hand, provides the actual adjacency of the upper and lower tanks to each other, leading to an increase in the compactness of the installation ( all working volumes are located directly one after another).

 The application of highly effective thermal insulation on the outer walls of the tanks and the outer surface of the evaporator in the absence of perforated sections (they are not required in the proposed installation) allows you to create a well-insulated space of small volume with a relatively small external surface, which in turn provides a reduction in cold losses to the environment and increased efficiency .

 Freezing water in the proposed installation is carried out on the lower part of the evaporator, which is included in the lower tank. In contrast to the installation known from [3], in which water is frozen from a moving liquid, in the proposed installation, water is frozen from a stationary liquid filling the lower tank. In the process of such cleaning, water molecules crystallize on the evaporator, and harmful and undesirable substances are concentrated in unfrozen water. After freezing the main part of the water in the lower tank, small residues of unfrozen water with harmful impurities through the hole in the bottom part of the lower tank are discharged into the sewer.

 Since the drained residues make up only a few percent of the total mass of water entering the lower tank, the losses of tap water in the proposed installation are negligible compared to the installation known from [3], which is also a factor in increasing its efficiency.

As for the quality of cleaning, it depends on the speed of ice freezing and the lower the speed, the purer the ice [see 4, p. 49]. The proposed installation allows freezing of water at any speed, while in the installation known from [3], low freezing rates can lead to even more significant losses of tap water. This can be explained by the fact that a decrease in the surface temperature of the evaporator with a constant gap for water supply will lead to an increase in the time of freezing on the evaporator of the required amount of ice and, accordingly, the duration of the supply of source water with a constant flow rate. Reducing the water flow rate while lowering the surface temperature of the evaporator by reducing the gap between the baffle and the flat evaporator is limited, firstly, by technological factors, and secondly, by the possibility of plugging the gap with ice and micro-pollution of water. Therefore, in the source [3] there is an indication that the temperature of a flat evaporator should be about -20 ^o C, which, if it is impossible to reduce water loss by reducing its flow rate, means achieving a certain decrease in water loss by increasing its freezing rate. As already mentioned with reference to [4], this means a lower quality of water purification.

 The possibility of freezing water in the proposed installation at any speed eliminates the effects of the above factors and provides a higher quality of water purification compared to the known installation.

At the initial stage of operation of the installation, characterized by the filling of the upper capacity with water and the absence of water in the lower capacity, the supply of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator provides cooling of the lower capacity and cooling of the water in the upper capacity (in principle, the evaporator can be equipped with a regulator directing the refrigerant to top of the evaporator, and then to the bottom). After freezing on the walls of the upper tank a thin layer of ice with an increased content of heavy water, freezing at a temperature of +3.8 ^o C, unfrozen water from the upper tank through the reporting line by opening the shut-off element is poured into the lower one for cooling after using the lower part of the evaporator. Water cooling in the lower tank can be carried out until the entire mass of water in it is frozen. However, it is more appropriate to incompletely freeze the water, in which its small residues, saturated with harmful and undesirable substances, are removed through the drain hole into the sewer.

 The ice obtained in the lower tank can be left in it until it completely melts due to natural heat influx, for example, at night, so that fresh melt water is ready by morning, which is then drained, and the unit is put into a state of readiness to prepare a new portion of melt water.

 At the same time, the refrigeration unit of the proposed installation for drinking water purification can be equipped with a choke with a variable flow area or a bypass line with a shut-off element connecting the inlet of the choke with its output, which allows you to turn off the throttling (in the presence of an adjustable choke - by increasing its bore, if there is a bypass line - by opening the shut-off element) and use the refrigeration circuit to supply a refrigerant with a positive temperature to the evaporator. The supply of a warm refrigerant to the evaporator after freezing on its lower part of the ice leads to thawing of the ice adjacent to the surface of the evaporator and accelerates the separation of ice from the evaporator, after which the supply of the warm refrigerant to the evaporator ceases, and the lower tank with a piece of ice that has lost adhesion to evaporator, disconnected from the line that communicates with the upper tank, and is removed from the unit by shifting down and to the side (for example, towards itself), for transferring ice from the tank to a clean container and its melting outside the installation. Then the lower tank returns to its place and after connecting to the line that communicates with the upper tank, the throttle switches to the minimum opening position (if there is a bypass line, the shut-off element in it is closed) and the unit goes into a state of readiness to prepare the next portion of ice or melt water . This mode increases the productivity of the installation, compared with installations that provide melting ice due to natural heat inflows without removing it from the installation.

 In principle, the supply of a warm refrigerant to the evaporator after separation of a piece of ice from its lower part can continue until the ice has completely melted, which creates certain conveniences if it is necessary to quickly obtain melt water.

 The supply of a warm refrigerant to the evaporator simultaneously with heating of the lower part of the evaporator leads to heating and its upper part, the supply of heat to the upper tank and the thawing of a thin layer of ice enriched on the bottom and walls of this tank, enriched with heavy water, which is then removed to the sewer.

 An insignificant amount of liquid that is not frozen in the lower tank and obtained by melting the ice film in the upper tank in the proposed installation can be dispensed with without connecting it to the sewer, since the drained water residues may accumulate for some time in a small container specially designed for this purpose, periodically emptied manually. This expands the possibilities of using the installation, as it makes possible its use in rooms that are not equipped with sewage.

 Another advantage of the proposed installation is that as a result of applying the principle of “freezing from above”, which ensures the accumulation of non-freezing water residues on the bottom of the lower tank, simplicity of removing water residues from the installation and the possibility of almost complete automation of the process of obtaining melt water are achieved.

 The implementation of the line communicating the upper and lower containers is removable, designed to ensure removal of containers from the installation for washing and sanitizing, as well as to ensure, as already shown above, the melting of the obtained ice outside the installation, which ensures an increase in the productivity of the installation.

 The installation of the filter in the overflow line from the upper tank to the lower one is designed to remove thin openwork plates of frozen heavy water formed in the volume of cooled water [see 2, pp. 270-271]. Small ice crystals of heavy water held up on the filter after heating the upper tank go into a liquid state and are discharged into the sewer. As a result of this, an additional improvement in the quality of water treatment is achieved. The possibility of achieving a similar effect is confirmed by the materials of the patent [5].

The equipment of the upper capacity of the proposed installation with a heater installed in its lower part is designed to achieve the possibility of degassing water. Thanks to the heater, the ice-making process can be carried out in the following sequence:
- the upper tank is filled with water;
- the heater is turned on, and the water temperature in the upper tank is brought to 94-96 ^o C;
- the heater turns off, the choke of the refrigeration unit is set to the maximum opening position (if there is a bypass line, the shut-off element installed in it opens), the compressor is turned on, and the refrigerant with temperature is supplied to the evaporator? close to ambient temperature;
- due to the circulation of the refrigerant with the ambient temperature through the evaporator, partial heating of the heated water in the upper tank is performed;
- the choke of the refrigeration unit is set to the minimum opening position (or the bypass line is blocked), as a result of which a liquid refrigerant with a negative temperature begins to flow into the evaporator;
- due to the circulation through the evaporator of a liquid refrigerant with a low temperature, the water located in the upper tank is cooled until a thin layer of ice forms on the inner walls of the upper tank, and the lower tank is cooled;
- non-frozen water from the upper tank is poured into the lower, in which it is frozen, and then transferred to melt water in accordance with the above technologies.

Along with the described process for obtaining melt water, the proposed installation allows you to get the same biological properties of water in two other ways:
- filling the lower tank with water and freezing it directly in the same tank without first treating the water in the upper tank;
- with the treatment of water in the upper tank, including its heating to 94-96 ^o C, rapid cooling and overflow in the lower tank, as a result of which it is also possible to obtain drinking water with a melt water structure [see 2, pp. 270-271].

 Thus, in the proposed installation, it is possible to purify drinking water with giving it a melt water structure by any of the methods described in [2] (degassing, removal of heavy water, freezing) or a combination of all three methods simultaneously.

 The inclusion of the proposed installation in a domestic refrigerator is achieved by the direct use of one of the parallel-connected evaporators of the refrigeration unit of a household multi-chamber refrigerator as an evaporator of a drinking water treatment plant. At the same time, in order to eliminate the mutual influence of the operation of the evaporators on each other, shut-off elements are installed in front of their inputs. As a result of this, if it is necessary to lower the temperature, for example, in the low-temperature chamber of the refrigerator, the refrigerant can be supplied to the evaporator of such a chamber by opening the shut-off element at the inlet to its evaporator and stopping the supply of the refrigerant to the drinking water purification unit, closing shut-off element at the entrance to the evaporator of this installation. After reaching the required level of cold in the low-temperature chamber, the supply of the refrigerant by appropriate switching of the valves is again sent to the drinking water purification unit (it is obvious that the priority in maintaining a low temperature in the chambers where the products are stored, in comparison with water purification, should be higher).

 To clarify the essence of the proposed technical solution are shown in FIG. 1 and 2.

 In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one of the possible autonomous versions of the proposed installation for the purification of drinking water. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the inclusion of this installation in the refrigeration unit of a domestic refrigerator.

Presented in FIG. 1 installation consists of a compressor 1 with an electric drive, a condenser 2, an adjustable choke 3, an evaporator 4, connected in series to the circulation circuit formed by line 5. On the upper surface of the evaporator 4 there is a tank 6 with a cover 7, to which a pipe 8 for supplying water from the water supply is connected . A small diameter hole is made in the lid 7 to provide air passage when filling the container 6 with water, as well as when emptying it. A valve 9 and a filter 10 are included in the pipeline 8, which provides protection against mechanical particles and other contaminants entering the installation. In principle, instead of the filter 10, any of the simple installations for drinking water purification, mastered in production, for example, such as the domestic Rodnik, can be installed, which will make water purification more comprehensive and more complete. The installation also includes:
- thermoelectric heating element 11 installed in the lower part of the tank 6;
- tank 12 mounted on the side of the lower surface of the evaporator 4, made in the form of a Central body included in the tank 12;
- a fine filter 13 and a valve 14 included in the line 15 for draining water from the tank 6, communicating via line 16 containing the valve 17, through the passage made in the evaporator 4, with the internal volume of the tank 12;
- line 18 of the issuance of pure water containing a valve 19 connected via line 20 through the valve 21 to the drain line 15.

 The operation of such an installation is possible in several modes and is carried out as follows.

In the integrated cleaning mode, making the most of all the installation options, water from the water supply through the filter 10 and the open valve 9 is supplied to the tank 6 and fills it. After filling the tank 6, the valve 9 is closed and the heat-electric heating element 11 is turned on, providing heating of the water in the tank 6 to 94-96 ^o C, its degassing and destruction of a number of bacteria and microorganisms present in the water. The heat-electric heating element 11 is turned off, the choke 3 is set to the maximum opening position, the compressor 1 is turned on and on line 5, through the compressor 1, condenser 2, choke 3 and evaporator 4 installed in it, the refrigerant circulates. Due to the absence of clamping of line 5 in the area of the inductor 3, the refrigerant passing through the inductor 3 will not change its pressure and, accordingly, will go to the evaporator 4 with the temperature that it had at the outlet of the condenser 2, i.e. with a temperature close to ambient temperature. As a result, the water heated to a temperature of 94-96 ^° C will be cooled, transferring heat through the bottom of the container 6 to the refrigerant circulating through the evaporator 4, which will be scattered by the condenser 2 in the environment. After a certain decrease in the temperature of the water in the tank 6, for example, to a value 15-20 degrees higher than the ambient temperature, the inductor 3 with the compressor 1 running is set to the minimum opening position, which ensures that the liquid refrigerant with negative temperature is supplied to the evaporator 4. This will not only accelerate the cooling of water in tank 6, but also lead to the freezing of heavy water from it, part of which in the form of a thin layer of ice along with ordinary water will be deposited on the walls of tank 6, and some will go into microcrystals formed in the volume of cooled water. Upon reaching such a state of water in the upper container 6, with the valve 14 closed, the valve 17 opens and cold water from the container 6 is poured into the refrigerated container 12 using the drain line 15 and the auxiliary line 16. In this case, heavy water freezing to the walls of the container 6, of course will remain in the tank 6, and the microcrystals of heavy water in the liquid volume will be retained on the filter 13. As a result, the tank 12 will be filled with degassed, structured and purified from heavy water drinking water, which, due to continued I circulating through the evaporator 4, the refrigerant will gradually freeze out on the central body of the evaporator 4, placed in a container 12.

 When a piece of ice occupies the main part of the tank 12, which can be determined, for example, by a timer based on experimental data, the valve 21 opens and the remaining water from the tank 12 containing harmful organic impurities, heavy metal ions, nitrates, nitrites, salts, etc. ., are sent along lines 18 and 20 with the valve 19 closed to the drain line 15, which can be connected to a sewer or some kind of drain tank. After draining the remaining water from the tank 12, the valve 21 closes and the throttle 3 is switched to the maximum opening mode, which supplies the evaporator 4, as already shown above, with a refrigerant with a temperature close to ambient temperature.

 The circulation through the evaporator 4 of the warm refrigerant will melt the ice layer adjacent to the surface of the central body of the evaporator 4 and separate the ice piece from the evaporator. Further, the operation of the compressor 1 and, accordingly, the circulation of the warm refrigerant through the evaporator 4 can be continued to accelerate the melting of ice in the tank 12 or stopped in order to melt the ice due to natural heat inflows, which may be necessary, for example, when ice is being prepared at night, and meltwater will be consumed in the morning. In such cases, melt clear water is consumed from line 18 by opening valve 19.

 Another method of obtaining melt water from a piece of ice that is separated from the central body of the evaporator 4 can be to disconnect line 18, made, for example, in the form of a quick-detachable rubber hose, from tank 12, and to remove tank 12 from the unit by moving it down and to the side (for example, itself), after which the contents of the container 12 is transferred to a clean bowl for further melting of ice, and the container 12 returns to the unit (with the connection of line 18), which goes into a ready state for making a new portion of ice.

 The supply to the evaporator 4 of a warm refrigerant simultaneously with the separation of a piece of ice from the central body of the evaporator 4 leads to the heating of the walls of the tank 6 and the thawing of a thin layer of ice deposited on them with a high content of heavy water. The liquid obtained as a result of such melting by opening the valve 14 from the tank 6 along line 15 is drained into the drain and passing through the filter 13, it melts the microcrystals of ice trapped on it (if by that time they did not melt due to natural heat inflows) and wash them off drainage. At the same time, for a more complete removal of heavy water, a small amount of tap water can be supplied to the tank 6 for rinsing and washing the portion of the drain line used to transfer water from the tank 6 to the tank 12.

The second mode of operation in which the one shown in FIG. 1 installation consists in filling the container 6 with water, heating it to 94-96 ^° C, followed by cooling until a thin layer of ice is frozen on the walls of the container 6 in accordance with the technology described above. Next, the valve 17 opens and the water from the tank 6 is poured into the tank 12, while the frozen heavy water remains on the walls of the tank 6, and the ice crystals of the heavy water are retained on the filter 13. The drinking water entering the tank 12 is not only degassed and purified from heavy water , but also structured in the same way as melt water [see 2, pp. 270-271]. If the water filling the tank 6 is clean enough and for some reason its additional cleaning by freezing is not required, then the water accumulated in the tank 12 after overflowing it from the tank 6 can be directly used for consumption by opening valve 19 and dispensing it from tank 12 along line 18.

 If desired, the first and second modes can be carried out without water degassing, that is, without turning on the electric heater 11 and without heating the water.

 The third mode of operation of the installation can only be used to purify water by freezing and giving it the properties of melt water, which may be required when using sufficiently clean water, such as key water, or if necessary, ice production for cold compresses or other purposes. For its implementation, only the lower tank 12 is used, which, after disconnecting the line 18, must be removed from the installation, filled with water to an acceptable level and inserted back into the installation. Further, depending on the purpose of the ice to be produced, the unit can be programmed to completely freeze water or to partially drain the residues along line 18 through an openable valve 19. Such freezing is carried out by moving the throttle 3 to the minimum opening position and turning on compressor 1, which leads to circulation refrigerant through the refrigeration unit and cooling the evaporator 4 to negative temperatures.

 Presented in FIG. 2, the installation as a whole includes the installation described above, the designation of the elements of the same designation in FIG. 2 fully complies with the designations adopted in FIG. 1. The only difference is that in the installation shown in FIG. 1, the inductor 3 is adjustable (with a variable degree of disclosure), while in the installation of FIG. 2, the inductor 3 is not adjustable and has an unchanged bore size (capillary tube), and the supply of warm refrigerant to the evaporator 4 instead of moving the inductor to the maximum opening position used in the circuit of FIG. 1 is achieved by opening the valve 22 installed in the bypass line 23.

 In addition, in the installation of FIG. 2, a circulation loop is formed, formed by the compressor 1, the condenser 2, the inductor 3 and the evaporators 24, 25 connected in series to line 26.

 Also in the installation in question, valves 27 and 28 are included, designed to exclude mutual influence of the operation of the circuits formed by lines 5 and 26.

 The operation of the drinking water treatment plant included in the domestic refrigerator after closing the valve 28 and opening the valve 27 is carried out in the same modes as in the installation of FIG. 1 (with the above differences in terms of increasing the flow area of the circulation line in the area of the chokes).

 The operation of the refrigeration circuit containing a low-temperature evaporator 24 installed in the low-temperature chamber of the refrigerator and a high-temperature evaporator 25 installed in the high-temperature chamber is carried out after closing the valves 22, 27 and opening the valve 28 in the usual way for the refrigerator, that is, by turning on the compressor 1 and turning it off according to when the desired temperature is reached in the low-temperature chamber.

 The only difference in the operation of the drinking water treatment plant included in the domestic refrigerator from the stand-alone one is the expediency of equipping it with automatic equipment that ensures the priority of the operation of the refrigeration chambers before the treatment of drinking water.

 In the presented embodiments of the proposed installation, units and elements (compressor, condenser, chokes, evaporators, etc.) are used with well-known principles of operation and design that has been widely tested in practice, and therefore the possibility of carrying out the proposed installation is beyond doubt.

 The use of the proposed installation for the purification of drinking water due to its higher efficiency achieved by reducing the loss of cold and tap water, as well as due to the possibility of its almost complete automation, will greatly simplify and reduce the cost of obtaining clean melt water in the domestic environment, which will contribute to the wider use of melt water, a reduction in the incidence of the population, a reduction in the consumption of drugs, a decrease in the loss of working time associated with absenteeism due to illness, and some other positive factors.

Sources of information
1. Alekseev L.S., Gladkov V.A. "Improving the quality of soft waters", M .: Stroyizdat, 1994.

 2. Andreev Yu.A. Three whales of health. - M: Physical education and sport, 1991.

 3. USSR patent N 1808077, 1993, F 25 D 11/00.

 4. Skirstymonskaya B., Sofer M. Water and ice of the ocean. An article in the journal Science and Life, N 8, 1980.

 5. A. p. USSR N 1692945, 1991, C 02 F 1/22.

Claims (5)

 1. Installation for drinking water purification, comprising two containers installed one above the other, and a refrigeration unit, comprising an evaporator, compressor, condenser and control element connected in series to the circulation circuit, characterized in that the containers are interconnected by a line containing a locking element, and the evaporator is placed between the containers, with the upper part of the evaporator made in the form of a contact surface with the upper tank, and the lower one in the form of a body entering the lower tank.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the line communicating the upper and lower tanks is removable.  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter is installed in a line communicating the upper and lower containers.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper tank is equipped with a heater.  5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigeration unit is made in the form of a refrigeration unit of a multi-chamber refrigerator, one of the evaporators of which is used as the evaporator of the installation.

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