RU2207921C2 - Method of concentration of heavy minerals and metals and centrifugal aerodynamic concentrator for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air classifying of polydispersed materials; separation of fine particles by density. SUBSTANCE: material to be separated is fed in form of aeromixture over center between concentrator cover and upper outer surface of bowl- shaped rotor mounted rotatably over center of concentrator housing; concentrate is discharged spirally over inner working surface of concentrator housing; fine particles of heavy minerals and metals are re-extracted on inner riffled portion of rotor from ascending twisted vortex flow of aeromixture in form of twisted circuit downward between bowl-shaped rotor of concentrator and central exhaust tube discharging light fraction with air; concentrate from inner working surface of bowl-shaped rotor is discharged to lower circular part of concentrator where revolving boiling fluidized layer is formed by compressed air directed tangentially; then, concentrate is finally discharged to concentrate receiver through sand packings. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The method and device relates to the field of air classification of polydisperse materials, for example, for separating fine and fine particles by density, it is used for pneumatic enrichment of feedstock in the processing of placer and ore dry deposits containing a fine and fine fraction of heavy minerals and metals.

 Known gateway for the enrichment of sand and ores, Auth. St. 1549594, B 03 B 5/70, with gravitational enrichment of heavy minerals in the air. The gateway contains a housing and a receiving funnel. A chamber with a fan is attached to the end wall of the housing from the side of the receiving funnel. In the side walls of the housing in its middle part, a transverse axis with fasteners is strengthened. A stencil is installed on the axis with a gap from the bottom of the housing with the possibility of rotation around the axis. Stencils are made in the form of a hollow container having a longitudinally shaped aerodynamic wing in the longitudinal vertical section, on the upper surface of the wing there are grooves and slots at the base of the grooves. An unloading hole is made on the narrow part of the wing. During the operation of the lock, the material enters through the discharge funnel into the housing and then to the stencil. The concentrate is retained by the riffles and through the slots enters the cavity of the concentrate collector. When rinsing, the stencil is rotated to the maximum angle, and the concentrate is unloaded through the holes of the inclined plates, which have different lengths and the free edges of which are equidistant from the walls, then the material falls immediately onto all inclined plates and is poured in several streams into the separation zone, where it is exposed to air flow.

 Common signs: from the side of the receiving funnel, a camera with a fan is attached, a stencil is installed on the axis with a gap from the bottom of the housing with the possibility of rotation around the axis.

 Disadvantage: insufficient suspended state of the starting material in the air flow, low efficiency of extraction of the useful component in the concentrate.

 Known international application PCT 87/04950, cl. B 03 B 4/00, 1987: A device for separating particles of different densities. The material to be separated comes from the pipe onto a rotating porous disk. Air is supplied through the disk upward, providing fluidization of particles, which are driven by air into rotation. Particles of different densities are separated by centrifugal forces and settle at different radial distances from the axis of rotation. Particles of various densities are selected by suction nozzles. The disk has a conical shape and provides the separation of particles under the action of centrifugal force and gravity. You can use a flat disk. In this case, particles of different densities can be selected in different zones around the circumference of the outer part of the disk.

 Common signs are: fluidization of particles that are driven by air into rotation, separation of particles of different densities under the action of centrifugal force.

 Disadvantage: low productivity of the device, with an increase in productivity, its effectiveness drops sharply.

 A known method for the pneumatic enrichment of raw materials containing heavy minerals and metals, including the supply of the separated material from top to bottom, the formation and imparting rotational motion to the source material between two coaxial guide surfaces, the separation of particles by specific gravity due to the twisting of the flow of the separated air mixture on the working surfaces of the concentrator and their deposition on them, the removal of light air mixtures and the removal of emitted particles to the lower part of the concentrator (Shokhin VN and other gravitational methods of enrichment. - M .: Not pa -., 1993. - S. 305-320). This method is the closest analogue to the proposed method for the combination of features and purpose.

 A device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials containing heavy minerals and metals, including a cylindrical hub housing, closed with a lid with a lower conical part with a discharge device, an impeller, an outlet pipe, a device for outputting a light fraction with air (Shokhin V.N. et al. Gravity methods enrichment. - M .: - Nedra. - 1993. - S. 305-320). This device is the closest analogue to the proposed device in terms of features and purpose.

 The advantage of the proposed "Method for the enrichment of heavy minerals and metals and a centrifugal-aerodynamic concentrator for its implementation" is to increase the efficiency of capture of small and thin particles of heavy minerals and metals, increase plant productivity, the ability to work on denser aerosol mixtures.

 Effect: separation of fine and fine particles by density, the ability to concentrate valuable heavy components with a high content of them in concentrate.

 A method for pneumatic enrichment of a raw material containing heavy minerals and metals involves feeding the material to be separated from top to bottom, imparting rotational movement to the starting material between two coaxial guide surfaces, separating the particles by specific gravity by twisting the flow of the separated air mixture on the working surfaces of the concentrator and depositing them on them, removal of the light fraction with air and removal of the emitted particles to the lower part of the concentrator.

 The peculiarity lies in the fact that the material to be separated is fed as a mixture, centered between the cap of the hub and the upper outer surface of the cup-shaped rotor mounted rotatably in the center of the hub housing, while the concentrate is withdrawn spiral-shaped along the inner working surface of the hub housing to the lower annular part of the hub , and thin particles of heavy minerals and metals are extracted on the inner surface of the corrugated part of the rotor from the ascending swirling aero vortex stream mixtures in the form of a swirling circuit from top to bottom between the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator and the central exhaust pipe to exhaust the light fraction with air, and the concentrate from the inner working surface of the cup-shaped rotor is diverted to the lower part of the concentrator, in which a fluidized fluidized rotating layer is created by tangentially directed compressed air, and then Finally, the concentrate is dumped into the concentrate collector through sand nozzles.

 A device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials containing heavy minerals and metals, contains a cylindrical hub housing with a conical bottom and with a discharge device, closed with a lid, an impeller, an inlet pipe, a device for outputting a light fraction with air.

 The peculiarity lies in the fact that a cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator mounted on a shaft rotatably mounted on a shaft rotatably mounted on the inner working surface, the impeller is mounted rotatably on the drive shaft of the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator, and in the region of the hub cover a threaded device for adjusting the clearance of the lowering depth of the edge of the cup-shaped rotor relative to the conical bottom of the hub is made about the annular, and the gap between the bottom of the rotor and the device for outputting a light fraction with air, made in the form of a central exhaust pipe, and the inlet pipe is made in the form of a tee hub located in the center of the lid, containing an air mixture supply pipe and a pipe for supplying compressed air, the device is equipped with nozzles for supplying compressed air, fixed in the annular bottom of the concentrator, and sand nozzles connected by nozzles to a concentrate collector.

 The peculiarity lies in the fact that the rotation drive of the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator is made with the possibility of adjusting the number of its revolutions.

 In figure 1. shows a diagram of the supply of the material to be separated into the working volume of the cylindrical body of the centrifugal aerodynamic concentrator, FIG. 2 is a diagram of the supply of the material to be separated and a diagram of the output of the divided material to and from the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator, the kinematic diagram of the drive of the rotor of the concentrator and the impeller on one drive shaft, the circuit for supplying the compressed scheme of compressed air supply for a fluidized fluidized bed, a concentrate collector connected by nozzles to the working volume of a cylindrical body, cylindrical sky housing hub, closed with a lid with a drive shaft rotatably mounted on the center of the lid.

Figure 1 and 2 are given the following notation:
pos. 1 - a cylindrical hub housing,
pos. 2 - cover that covers the cylindrical body,
pos. 3 - pipe for supplying a divided air mixture,
pos. 4 - pipe for supplying compressed air,
pos. 5 - a drive shaft mounted in the center of the cover rotatably,
pos. 6 - a cup-shaped rotor of a cylindrical shape, mounted on a drive shaft,
pos. 7 - an exhaust pipe in the center of the hub for the output of the spent air mixture,
pos. 8 - nozzles for supplying compressed air for the fluidization of a rotating fluidized bed,
pos. 9 - pipe for the output of the concentrate,
pos. 10 - sand nozzle,
pos. 11 - concentrate collector,
pos. 12 - impeller
pos. 13 - the annular bottom of the hub,
pos. 14 - threaded adjusting device,
pos. 15 - electric motor,
pos. 16 - coupling.

 Example. The hub has a nozzle for supplying a divided air mixture (pos. 3) in the form of a tee mounted in the center of the concentrator (pos. 2) and a drive shaft (pos. 5) of a cylindrical cup-shaped rotor (pos. 6) passing through the tee. The source material in the form of an air mixture containing valuable heavy components with a size of - 1 mm is fed through a nozzle for supplying a shared air mixture (pos. 3), which also supplies compressed air through a nozzle (pos. 4) in order to adjust the density of the aerosol hub. The cylindrical shape of the concentrator (pos. 1) has a cap on the top (pos. 2) with a cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator (pos. 6), mounted on a shaft mounted for rotation and located in the center of the cap so that the cup-shaped rotor (pos. 6) covers the central exhaust pipe (pos. 7) with its bottom with the drive shaft fixed to the bottom outward, and the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator (pos. 6) has a cylindrical shape, while the inner working surface of the cup-shaped rotor has flutes. The aerosol is twisted between the inner working surface of the hub housing (pos. 1) and the outer surface of the cup-shaped rotor (pos. 6), as well as with the help of an impeller (pos. 12), mounted for rotation and mounted on the drive shaft (pos. 5). The resulting concentrate is withdrawn along a spiral path on the inner surface of the concentrator body to the annular bottom (pos. 13) of the concentrator. They increase the content of valuable heavy components by supplying compressed air through the nozzles (pos. 8), while creating a tangentially directed compressed air fluidized fluidized bed rotating layer on the annular bottom (pos. 13) of the concentrator. The aerosol mixture with under-extracted thin particles of heavy valuable components passing through the lower annular part of the concentrator is fed from bottom to top in the form of a swirling upward vortex flow between the central exhaust pipe (pos. 7) and the inner working corrugated surface of the cup-shaped rotor (pos. 6). A concentrate is obtained from thin heavy particles of valuable components that are not recovered in the first capture cycle in the internal corrugated part of the rotor. As the concentrate accumulates, it is discharged onto the annular bottom into a fluidized boiling rotating layer, which imparts movement to the source material in the form of a circuit from top to bottom. The enriched concentrate in a fluidized fluidized bed rotating on the annular bottom of the concentrator is constantly removed through the nozzles for the output of the concentrate (pos. 9) and sand nozzles (pos. 10) in the concentrate collector (pos. 11). The spent aerosol with a light fraction, in the form of a swirling vortex flow, is led down to the central exhaust pipe (pos. 7) located in the center of the concentrator. The rotational drive of the cup-shaped rotor consists of a drive shaft (pos. 5) from the electric motor (pos. 15) through the coupling (pos. 16) and has a threaded adjustment device (pos. 14) for adjusting the clearance of the lowering depth of the edge of the cup-shaped rotor (pos. 6) relative to the annular bottom of the hub (key 13) and the gap between the bottom of the rotor and the central exhaust pipe to adjust the process.

 The drive has the ability to adjust the speed of the cup-shaped rotor of the hub.

Claims (3)

 1. A method for pneumatic enrichment of a raw material containing heavy minerals and metals, comprising supplying the material to be separated from top to bottom, imparting a rotational movement to the starting material between two coaxial guiding surfaces, separating the particles by specific gravity by twisting the flow of the separated air mixture on the working surfaces of the concentrator and depositing them on them, the removal of the light fraction with air and the discharge of the emitted particles into the lower part of the concentrator, characterized in that the material to be separated is fed in the form of aerosol the center between the hub cap and the upper outer surface of the cup-shaped rotor mounted rotatably in the center of the hub housing, wherein the concentrate is withdrawn spiral-shaped along the inner working surface of the hub housing to the lower annular part of the concentrator, and thin particles of heavy minerals and metals are removed on the inner surface of the corrugated part rotor from an upward swirling vortex of an air mixture in the form of a swirling circuit from top to bottom between a cup-shaped rotor of a concentrate a tractor and a central exhaust pipe for discharging a light fraction with air, and the concentrate from the inner working surface of the cup-shaped rotor is diverted to the lower annular part of the concentrator, in which a fluidized fluidized rotating layer is created by tangentially directed compressed air, and then the concentrate is finally dumped into the concentrate collector through sand nozzles.  2. Device for pneumatic enrichment of raw materials containing heavy minerals and metals, containing a cylindrical hub housing with a conical bottom and a discharge device, closed with a lid, an impeller, an inlet pipe, a device for outputting a light fraction with air, characterized in that the center of the cylindrical body is installed the cup-shaped rotor of the hub mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation is made of a cylindrical shape with flutes on its inner working surface, the impeller being installed with the possibility the rotation speed on the drive shaft of the cup-shaped rotor of the concentrator, and in the region of the cap of the concentrator, a threaded device is made for regulating the clearance of the lowering depth of the edge of the cup-shaped rotor relative to the conical bottom of the concentrator, made circular, and the gap between the bottom of the rotor and the device for outputting a light fraction with air, made in the form the central exhaust pipe, and the inlet pipe is made in the form of a centrally located tee hub cap containing a mixture pipe pipe for supplying compressed air, the device being provided with nozzles for supplying pressurized air, fixed in the bottom of the annular hub, and sand fitting connected with kontsentratosbornikom nozzles.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotational drive of the cup-shaped rotor of the hub is configured to adjust its speed.

Images