RU2206676C2 - Wall member for erection of walls, foundations and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: civil engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is meant to obtain high-grade and economic laying with reduced labor input to process of wall erection and to expand capabilities of laying with utilization of proposed wall member. To achieve this task it is suggested that wall T-shaped member carrying body with cuts in butts and protrusion in the middle is employed. Its body is equipped with rests of rectangular form arranged in corners between body and its protrusion. EFFECT: reduced labor input to high-grade and economic laying of walls. 1 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction and can be used for the construction of buildings, structures and foundations.

A known method of erecting walls from wall elements:
1. With pronounced strength properties
2. With mixed strength and thermal insulation properties. (V. Statsenko "Parts of buildings", ed. Moscow - Leningrad 1930, p. 173).

 The method consists in the fact that building materials are stacked in rows, placing each subsequent row on the surface of the previous one.

This method is carried out in two ways:
1. By laying a corpulent wall element having the shape of a rectangular prism.

 2. By laying hollow or porous wall elements, also having the shape of a rectangular prism.

 The disadvantage of the first option is its inefficiency. Walls erected from such elements from the conditions of strength are cold, and walls erected from the conditions of frost resistance are too thick.

 The disadvantage of the second option is the low strength of the structures being erected. This is explained by the fact that the volume of the wall element in addition to the working substance is additionally filled with pores or voids, as a result of which the thermal insulation properties of the building element are increased to the detriment of its strength. In addition, the production of these building elements requires expensive technology and equipment. Therefore, this method and material are expensive and have limited application.

 Closest to the proposed invention relating to a method of erecting walls, foundations and structures is a method of erecting walls from materials with separated strength and thermal insulation properties. (V. Statsenko "Parts of buildings", ed. Moscow - Leningrad, 1930, p. 240).

 This method is carried out through the use of solid brick during masonry. The method consists in erecting a wall by constructing two separate half-walls next to each other, with a thickness of 0.5 - 1 brick each, with protrusions on the surface of one of the sides of each half-wall. These protrusions are formed by separate bricks located in each of the half-walls with pokes through a row of masonry one above the other. In this case, the connection between the half-walls is carried out using protrusions that form vertical rows on the surfaces of the semi-walls at certain intervals along the entire length, so that the protrusions of one half-wall extend between the protrusions of the other. The gap between the half-walls is filled with insulating material.

 However, the implementation of this method requires the availability of high-quality brick, strict vertical walls and good filling of the joints with mortar, since if there are holes in the joints of the wall, the latter will be blown. In addition, this work requires thoroughness and high qualification of specialists - masons. Therefore, the implementation of the known method using the specified wall element is time-consuming and uneconomical.

 The purpose of the invention is to obtain high-quality and economical masonry while reducing the complexity in the process of walling. Along the way, the task to be solved is the expansion of capabilities during masonry using an element of the claimed design.

 To obtain such a technical result in the proposed method of wall mounting, which includes the construction of two half-walls with a gap between them and protrusions on the inner surfaces of each half-wall, located one above the other through a series of masonry and forming vertical rows of protrusions across certain lengths of the half-walls at regular intervals, the connection between the half-walls between themselves carried out using the protrusions so that the protrusions of one half wall lead between the protrusions of the other. In addition, the connection of the half-walls with each other can additionally be carried out by means of the protrusions of each of the half-walls built directly into the opposite half-wall. In this case, the construction of half-walls with protrusions is carried out using a new T-shaped element.

 Distinctive features of the proposed method consist in new laying operations, which allow the T-shaped wall elements to be assembled in various variants. This simplifies the method and reduces the complexity, in addition, there are new opportunities for masonry.

 To achieve the named technical result, a wall element is proposed, which, like V. Statsenko’s closest to it, “Parts of Buildings,” ed. Moscow Leningrad, 1930, p. 249, contains a T - shaped building. In contrast to the known, the proposed element is configured to change shape by changing the lengths of the protrusions of the housing. Moreover, its upper surface is curved with an alternation of protrusions and depressions in cross section. In addition, the housing of the element is provided with rectangular stops placed in the corners between the protrusions of the housing.

 Giving the wall element the desired shape and dimensions by changing the lengths of the protrusions of the case, it is possible to simplify the laying of the corners of the walls, pillars, window and door openings and make it possible to erect walls of various thicknesses and voids.

 The implementation of the upper surface of the wall element is curved, giving the section an alternation of protrusions and depressions, eliminates the appearance of holes in the seams of the wall during masonry, regardless of the qualifications of the masons. This improves the quality of the masonry and makes it economical. In addition, the wall element can be used as a permanent formwork when pouring foundations. In this case, the central protrusion of the wall element body can be made metal.

 To simplify the installation of thin walls by the proposed wall element and improve the quality of the masonry, the element is equipped with rectangular stops placed in the corners between the protrusions of the housing.

 Providing such a variety of options for using the wall element makes it versatile, economical and convenient both in production and in use.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:
FIG. 1 - the main wall element of the T - form;
FIG. 2 - 6 - some auxiliary elements; produced from the main;
FIG. 7 - a fundamental element;
FIG. 8.9 - a variant of the construction of the wall, in which the half-walls are interconnected by the protrusions of one half-wall, wound between the protrusions of the other half-wall;
FIG. 10.11 - a variant of the construction of the wall, in which the protrusions of one half wall are built directly into the opposite floor of the wall.

 Wall mounting using the proposed element is carried out in the following options.

Option 1
Two half-walls are built next to the buildings of T-shaped elements. In this case, the bodies of the T-shaped elements are arranged in two rows, with their ends facing each other so that the protrusions of the elements of one row face the protrusions of the elements of the other row. Subsequent rows are laid on the surface of the previous ones. Thus, two half-walls are formed with a gap between them and protrusions on each inner surface. These protrusions are arranged along each half-wall one above the other through a series of masonry, while forming vertical rows of protrusions at certain intervals on the surfaces of the half-walls along their entire length. The connection between the half-walls is carried out using the protrusions of one half-wall, bringing them between the protrusions of the other.

Option 2
The operations on the construction of half-walls are similar to those described in option 1, but the connection of the half-walls with each other is carried out by means of the protrusions of each of the half-walls built directly into the opposite half-wall.

 In both cases, the gap between the half-walls can be changed smoothly over a wide range, from a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters, changing the length of the protrusions of the wall elements as you wish. The void formed between the half-walls is filled with any available insulating material. But if it is absent, then the vertical channels in the wall are interrupted through two or three rows of masonry by laying roofing strips, forming rows of separate voids in the wall. The laying of the corners of walls, pillars, window and doorways, as well as walls converging to the roof slope, is carried out using auxiliary elements. Auxiliary elements are obtained from the main T-shape of the element by changing the lengths of the protrusions of the housing (see Fig. 2 - 6). The construction of half-walls from the T-shape of elements with a metal protrusion in the middle (see Fig. 7) when filling the gap between them with concrete allows you to use this element for the construction of building foundations.

 Thus, the use of the main element of the T-shape and auxiliary elements formed from the main one by changing the lengths of its protrusions allows you to get a universal set of elements for buildings, the use of which simplifies and reduces the cost of installation of buildings.

 The proposed wall element comprises a housing with protrusions 1,2 cutouts 3 at the ends 4 of the protrusions 1, 2 of the housing, a curved upper surface 5, giving in cross section an alternation of the protrusions 6 and depressions 7. In addition, the wall element is equipped with stops 8 of rectangular shape located in the corners between the protrusions of the 1.2 case.

 The masonry of the wall elements is as follows.

 On a freshly laid layer of mortar, a series of wall elements with their ends 4 facing each other and the mating, curved surface 5 down is laid horizontally strictly horizontally. Cutouts 3 at the ends of 4 protrusions 1, 2 elements are filled with a solution. Next, a layer of cement mortar is applied to the upper surface of the freshly laid row. The upper row of wall elements is laid on the bottom with an offset. In this case, the wall elements of the upper row face down with their curved surface 5 in such a way that the protrusions 6 and depressions 7 of this surface 5 are in contact with the cement mortar layer, cut into it and thereby prevent holes in the wall joints.

Claims (1)

 Wall T-shaped element containing a housing with cutouts at the ends and a protrusion in the middle, characterized in that its housing is equipped with rectangular stops placed in the corners between the housing and its protrusion, while the protrusion of the element is made with the possibility of changing the length to change the distance between the half-walls .

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