RU2201416C2 - Method for obtaining humic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: the method deals with manufacturing humic fertilizers. Brown coal is reduced to be mixed with alakali and mineral components as calcium oxide CaO, silicon oxide in the form of Aerosil (silica powder) at the following quantitative ratio of components, weight%: brown coal 63-89, alkali 5-27, calcium oxide CaO 0.3-29, silicon oxide in the form of Aerosil 0.7-12. The mixture obtained should be kept at room temperature for 2 h at constant mixing. Then mixture should be diluted with water at weight ratio being 1:3-5, correspondingly. The present innovation enables to increase biological activity and stimulating properties of humic fertilizer. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 cl, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the industry for the production of organic fertilizers and methods for their preparation and can be used in agriculture.

 Known methods for producing humic fertilizers, including a) grinding brown coal and mixing it with an alkali solution [1] and b) mixing brown coal with silica and calcium oxide-containing substances [2].

 The closest (prototype) is a method for producing humic fertilizers, including grinding brown coal and mixing it with alkali metal hydroxides [3].

 However, when using this method, a large percentage of plant lodging is observed, since the fertilizer is not fully absorbed by the soil, the fertilizer does not fully dissolve in water, and because of this, the biological stimulating activity of the fertilizer obtained by this method is insufficient, the preparation time is long and laborious.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality, biological activity and stimulating properties of prolonged environmentally friendly fertilizers by completely dissolving the fertilizer in water, reducing plant lodging by increasing the strength of the cell walls of plant stems, simplifying the method, reducing the time it takes to complete the method.

 The problem is solved by a method for producing humic fertilizer, including grinding brown coal to a fineness of 0.3-2000 microns, adding alkali: NaOH and / or KOH, calcium oxide CaO, silicon oxide in the form of aerosil with the following ratio of components in percent: brown coal 63- 89, alkali 5-27, calcium oxide CaO 0.3-29, silicon oxide in the form of aerosil 0.7-12, dilution of the mixture with water in the ratio, parts by weight, 1: 3-5, respectively, keeping the aqueous solution at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by drying to obtain su Hoy alkaline extract.

 New in the present invention is that NaOH and / or KOH are used as alkali, and calcium oxide CaO, silicon oxide in the form of aerosil are used as mineral components in the following ratio of components in percent: brown coal 63-89, alkali 5-27, calcium oxide CaO 0.3-29, silicon oxide in the form of Aerosil 0.7-12, dilution of the mixture with water in the ratio, wt. hours, 1: 3-5, respectively, keeping the aqueous solution at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by drying to obtain a dry alkaline extract.

 The authors did not find these distinguishing features in the literature they analyzed, and they do not explicitly follow the prior art for a specialist. The method of producing humic fertilizer is successfully used in agriculture. Thus, this technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty", "industrially applicable", "inventive step".

 The method is as follows.

 Lignite is crushed from 0.3 to 2000 μm, alkali NaOH and / or KOH, calcium oxide CaO and silicon oxide are added in the form of aeroside having molecular sizes <200 nm, the resulting mixture is diluted with water, parts by weight, 1: 3- 5 respectively. The aqueous solution is maintained with constant stirring for 2 hours, after which it is dried to obtain a dry alkaline extract.

 Example 1

 In a known manner, 76 kg of drill coal are ground to a fineness of 0.3 microns. The crushed brown coal is placed in a metal container and 15 kg of KOH, 3 kg of calcium oxide CaO and 6 kg of silicon oxide in the form of aerosil are added. 300 liters of water are added to the resulting mixture, stirred vigorously and the resulting mixture is kept for 2 hours at room temperature. After that, the resulting mixture is dried to obtain a dry alkaline extract. The dried alkaline extract is collected in a container and Packed.

 Example 2

 81 kg of brown coal are crushed to a dispersion of 2000 μm, the crushed brown coal is placed in a metal container, NaOH is added in an amount of 12 kg, calcium oxide CaO - 5 kg and silicon oxide in the form of aerosil - 2 kg. Dilute the resulting mixture with 500 liters of water. The resulting solution was kept under constant stirring for 2 hours at room temperature and then dried to obtain a dry powder. The dried alkaline extract is collected in a storage hopper and packaged.

 The humic fertilizer obtained in this way is completely soluble in water, has a high stimulating and biological effect, and plants using this fertilizer do not lie under adverse weather conditions.

 Grinding brown coal of less than 0.3 microns and more than 2000 microns is not advisable. Grinding less than 0.3 microns leads to additional energy consumption, and more than 2000 microns leads to the fact that the rate of interaction of coal with alkali at large particle sizes of brown coal increases disproportionately to the concentration of the solution, which increases the technological cycle of the dispersed phase, coalescence - the adhesion of small particles into large with the formation of layer systems (separation of liquid and dispersed multiphase systems). The introduction of calcium oxide CaO into the mixture of humic fertilizer can reduce the acidity of the soil. At pH <5.6, up to 29% should be administered, at pH 7 - 0.3 percent. Silicon oxide in the form of aerosil, when interacting with water, forms weak metasilicic acid and is necessary for plants to strengthen cell membranes, especially cereals. Due to the introduction of silicon oxide in the form of aerosil, lodging of plants is reduced. The limits of the concentration of silicon oxide in the form of aerosil are selected due to the heterogeneous acidity of the soil, with high soil acidity of 0.7%, with very low acidity of 12%. The concentration limits of the alkali introduced into the mixture are determined by the quality of brown coals: the lower limit is advisable for brown coals "poor" with humic acids, and the upper limit for brown coals "rich" with up to 90% humic acids.

 Due to the addition of Aerosil, the fertilizer is completely soluble in water.

 Humic fertilizer has passed experimental studies and is recommended for widespread use in agriculture. As studies have shown, the proposed humic fertilizer has a higher positive effect than the known humic fertilizers. The effect of humic fertilizer manifests itself instantly. So when soaking in their solution, the germination of seeds and tubers of plants increases significantly. When planting seedlings in the soil, humic fertilizer manifests itself as good rooting agents, improving the survival rate of seedlings and the formation of a powerful root system, which makes it possible to provide plants with full mineral nutrition. In this case, an increase in productivity occurs, the ripening time of the crop is reduced. Almost all cultures are responsive to the use of this humic fertilizer, but especially good results are achieved in cereal crops, their lodging is reduced. At the same time, the structure of the soil improves, its enrichment with humus is accelerated, and its salinity and acidity are reduced. It should also be noted that humic fertilizer has good wettability and film-forming effect. After spraying, a thin film of fertilizer forms on the leaf surface of the plant, which is absorbed by the plant for several days. The film-forming properties of the fertilizer can also be successfully used to combat diseases such as powdery mildew, late blight, root rot, etc. If foci of the disease occur on the leaves or stems of the plants, thorough treatment of the stems and leaves with the proposed fertilizer ensures fixation of fungal spores, blocking the spread of the disease.

 Of great interest is the use of the proposed humic fertilizer in the development of new garden and household plots, since traditionally not the best land quality is allocated for them, often with bulk soil. Humic fertilizer can be used to fertilize alkaline and saline soils in agriculture, on irrigated and irrigated lands, to increase the fertility of poor soils, to prevent salinization, as an environmentally friendly, mild fertilizer fertilizer with a summer aftereffect, to restore dry, degraded, industrial and resulting lands , hayfields and pastures both in the form of composts and mixtures, granular and in powder form, and in the form of salmon granules. The resulting fertilizer is an enriched humic stimulator of plant and animal growth and has increased biological activity.

 Thus, the proposed method increases the effectiveness of humic fertilizer, does not require technical costs and is short in time.

Literature
1. Auto USSR 1763437, C 05 F 11/02, 09/23/1992.

 2. RF patent 2097365, C 05 F 11/02, 11.27.1997.

 3. RF patent 2104988, C 05 F 11/02, 02.20.1998.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of producing humic fertilizer, including grinding brown coal, mixing it with alkali and mineral components, characterized in that calcium oxide CaO, silicon oxide in the form of aerosil are used as mineral components in the following ratio of components: brown coal 63-89, alkali 5-27, calcium oxide CaO 0.3-29, silicon oxide in the form of Aerosil 0.7-12, maintain the mixture at room temperature for 2 hours, constantly thoroughly mixing, then dilute it with water at a ratio of 1: 3 - 5 wt. h  2. A method of producing humic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that NaOH or KOH is used as alkali.