RU2199850C2 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has hopper, spring-loaded shutter, and drive mechanism. Cylinder with conical lower part is rigidly fixed in lower part of hopper. Cylinder outlet opening is closed with flexible shutter located on lever, which is pivotally attached to side surface of cylinder. Seeding unit of such construction provides for required seeding norm and uniform distribution of seeds in line. EFFECT: simplified construction, increased efficiency by uniform distribution of seeds and reduced damage to seeds. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to seed drills.

 Known metering devices containing a hopper with an exit slit and a tray mounted under it. Under the action of the vibrator, the tray makes an oscillatory movement, due to which the seeds are sown (Buzenkov GM and other machines for sowing agricultural crops. - M., 1976, p. 59).

 The disadvantage of these devices is the sensitivity of the device to the terrain and the complexity of the design.

 Known metering apparatus containing a hopper and a bottom with calibrated metering holes, made in the form of a movable vibrating disk. The bottom is connected to the hopper by a flexible connection. (Kuznetsova R.G. Research of a universal vibration apparatus for work on slopes. Proceedings of the Agricultural Academy. - M.: Kolos, 1969, p. 169-172).

 Its disadvantage is the presence of calibrated holes in a movable vibrating disk, which leads to the need to replace the latter when sowing various crops. In addition, due to pinching of the seeds with a movable vibrating disk, injury to the seed is observed.

 A metering apparatus is also known, including a seed hopper with a slit formed by the walls of the vertical tray, a movable shutter bent in the direction of movement of the seeds, and a mechanism for driving it into oscillatory motion (Aut. St. SU 826987).

 The disadvantage of this apparatus is the large contact area of the surface of the valve with the seeds, which leads to injury; uneven seeding when larger seeds get between the lower part of the wall of the vertical tray and the movable flap at the moment of closing of the latter.

 To create a design that allows you to ensure the necessary seeding rate, uniform distribution of seeds in the row and to prevent injury to the seed, a sowing device is proposed, including a hopper, a spring-loaded shutter and a drive mechanism.

 What is new is that in the lower part of the hopper a cylinder is rigidly mounted, having a conical shape downward, the outlet opening of which is blocked by an elastic shutter mounted on a lever pivotally mounted on the side surface of the cylinder.

 The conical shape of the cylinder provides a more uniform seed output into the vas deferens and a more reliable shut-off of the outlet by the shutter. This is facilitated by the elastic surface of the damper, which also does not injure the seed. The lower position of the shutter creates the possibility of free exit of seeds from the cylinder, provides a minimum time and area of contact of seeds with working surfaces and a strictly directed movement of seeds. All this makes it possible for the seed material to enter the vas deferens without any damage.

 The implementation of this process is possible due to the proposed design, schematically depicted in the drawing.

 The apparatus consists of a seed hopper 1 with a slit 2, smoothly turning into a rigidly mounted cylinder 3. The lower part 4 of the cylinder 3 has a conical shape with an outlet 5. The movable shutter 6 is a circle of elastic-elastic material such as fluoroplastic. It is mounted on an articulated arm 7, which is mounted in the lugs 8 on the side surface of the cylinder 3. The articulated arm 7 is spring-loaded by a rigid spring 9. The drive mechanism 10 vibrates the articulated arm 7.

 An example of the sowing apparatus.

 The seeds located in the hopper 1, passing through the slot 2, fill the internal volume of the cylinder 3. Sowing occurs as a result of the oscillating movement of the articulated lever 7 using the drive mechanism 10, which leads to the periodic opening of the elastic shutter 6 by a certain amount and its subsequent return to the original state. When opening the valve 6, the seeds located in the lower part of the cylinder 3, under the force of their own weight, move along the surface of the valve into the seed tube. When closing, the shutter 6 actively affects only the layer of seeds located in the lower conical part 4 of the cylinder 3. At the same time, the seeds located on the periphery of the cone move upward along the generatrix of the cone 6, thereby ensuring reliable closure of the shutter 6. Elastic surface the latter contributes to the reliable overlapping of the outlet 5 without damage to the planting material. In the absence of vibration of the articulated lever 7, it, due to the action of the spring 9, closes the outlet 5 of the cylinder 3 with a flexible shutter 6, thereby preventing the exit of seeds into the vas deferens. The device does not sow. The set seed rate is set by changing the opening value of the shutter 6 and changing the oscillation frequency of the articulated arm 7.

 Using the proposed design of the sowing apparatus allows you to provide the necessary seeding rate, uniform distribution of seeds in the row and to prevent injury to the seed.

Claims (1)

 A metering device including a hopper, a spring-loaded shutter and a drive mechanism, characterized in that a cylinder having a conical shape downward is rigidly mounted in the lower part of the hopper, the outlet opening of which is blocked by an elastic shutter mounted on a lever pivotally mounted on the side surface of the cylinder.