RU2194832C2 - Process of erection of buildings and gear for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry. SUBSTANCE: invention is related predominantly to erection of low-rise buildings from reinforced concrete near large water basins and on flooded territory, for instance, in shallow-water bays. Process of erection of building includes preparation of site to locate building, for example, formation of foundation pit, formation of halves of building including base in horizontal position and their transfer to vertical position. Halves of buildings are formed on floating platforms which are situated in artificial or natural pond. For transfer of halves of building to vertical position these halves are submerged in water starting from base parts. EFFECT: simplified process of erection of building. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates mainly to the construction of buildings with low floors (4 ... 8 floors) of monolithic reinforced concrete and can be used in construction near large bodies of water and in an irrigated area, for example, in shallow bays.

 The closest analogue of the considered solution, adopted as a prototype, is a method of building buildings, including preparing a place for a building, in particular, forming a foundation pit for a building, forming the foundation of a building, forming halves of a building in a horizontal position and moving them to a vertical position by turning using mounting racks placed along the longitudinal axis of the building and connected to the raised halves of the building by flexible rods (See patent RU 2057866 C1, from 10.04.1996, E 04 G 21/00).

 The method provides high labor productivity in construction. However, the presence of many flexible rods and tension mechanisms complicates the process of translating the halves of the building into a vertical position.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify the process of translating the halves of the building from horizontal to vertical.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of building buildings, including preparing a place for the building, for example, forming a foundation pit for a building, forming a fundamental part of a building, forming halves of a building in a horizontal position, moving them into a vertical position, halves of a building, including foundation parts of halves buildings are formed horizontally on floating platforms that are placed in an artificial or natural body of water, and to translate the halves of the building into a vertical polo ix submerged half of the building in the water, since their foundation parts. When the foundation part of the building half is immersed in water and its part adjacent to the roof is kept afloat, the half occupies a vertical position. At the same time, no special lifting devices are required, which simplifies the process of moving the halves to a vertical position.

 In the flooded position, the vertically located halves of the building are joined together, give buoyancy and float delivered to the installation site. The place of installation of the building must communicate with the reservoir by the channel of the required depth. The channel can serve as a foundation pit - a place for the installation of several buildings one after another. After arrangement of all the planned buildings in the canal, it is drained, pipes, cables, etc. are laid along the bottom. and fall asleep.

 To implement the construction method in question, a device can be used that includes two platforms mounted on floats and interconnected with the possibility of quick disconnection. The dimensions of the platforms must exceed the dimensions of the longitudinal walls of the building, including the foundation part. At least part of the floats of each platform must be capable of diving and floating.

 The formation of the halves of the building is carried out on the platforms in a horizontal position. After completion of the process of forming the halves and the set of concrete with the required strength, the floats adjacent to the foundation parts of the halves are flooded. At the same time, part of each platform is submerged under water, as a result of which the halves of the building rotate and acquire a vertical position. In this position, the halves are joined, they are given buoyancy, the platforms are disconnected, and the building box floats off to the installation site.

 The proposed method can be implemented, for example, as follows.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows floating platforms with the building box halves formed on them before starting to translate them into a vertical position (end view).

 In FIG. 2 shows a view along arrow A (see FIG. 1).

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the box of the building after moving the halves to a vertical position (end view).

 In FIG. 4 shows a box mounted in a working position.

 In an artificial or natural reservoir on two floating platforms docked with each other, each of which includes a frame 1, floats 2 and a horizontal flooring 3, two monolithic halves 4 and 5 of the building box are formed from reinforced concrete. On the transverse partitions of the halves of the box, in the middle of the base of its foundation part, they are formed of reinforced concrete or special technological hinges 6 are installed and fixed with a rotation angle of at least 90 degrees.

 After the formation of the halves of the building box and the set of concrete with the necessary strength are completed, the platforms are driven off to a deep place in the reservoir. Here the platforms are disconnected and, starting from the junction, floats are sequentially flooded symmetrically located relative to the junction of the platforms. At the same time, the foundation part of the halves of the box of the building, together with the adjacent edges of the platforms, begins to sink into the water. Being connected by hinges, the halves rotate around a common axis, and the platforms diverge. With a further decrease in the buoyancy of the platforms, they tilt more and more and turn around at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the halves add up and, clinging to each other, form a box of the building. In this position, they are fastened together, give the box buoyancy, filling part of the cells of the box with foam granules or otherwise, disconnect the platform, increase buoyancy and send it to the installation site. Floating platforms are used to form the next box of the building.

 In a pond, you can organize a warehouse where in a flooded position boxes of buildings will be stored and accumulated, waiting for the place to be prepared for them to be prepared.

 At the installation site, a foundation pit is formed under the building.

 The installation box of the building box can be located both on land and in the shallow part of the reservoir. If the place of installation of the building is on land, then a canal is laid to it, the width and depth of which is determined by the dimensions and weight of the box of the building. It is advisable to make the canal in such a way that several buildings can be located in it, which, after installation and filling the canal, would form a street or microdistrict.

 Prepared boxes of buildings float to the reservoir, and then through the channel are delivered to the installation site. When moving in shallow water, the box is held in a vertical position by outriggers or pull-out devices. In this case, it is necessary to strive for the foundation part of the box to move at a minimum distance from the bottom of the reservoir.

 After the buildings are placed in the canal in its place, the canal is drained, all necessary communications are laid along it and fall asleep.

 After finishing work, the buildings are transferred to operation.

 If the banks of the reservoir have a significant height, then with large volumes of development, a system of lifting locks is used.

 The proposed method of construction has the following technical and economic advantages.

 The main advantage of the method is that it allows you to mechanize and even automate the process of building high-strength monolithic buildings that can withstand earthquakes and explosions. When using several paired sets of floating platforms, it is possible to organize a flow-positional method of forming building boxes, i.e. put the construction of houses on the conveyor. If such a conveyor is installed on the water transport highway, it is possible to supply finished boxes of buildings over considerable distances, providing housing for large regions. All this allows you to drastically increase labor productivity in construction and significantly reduce the cost of housing.

 The proposed solutions are unparalleled in cases where a quick restoration of the housing stock after natural or man-made disasters (earthquakes, Chernobyl-type accidents, etc.) is required.

 Boxes of buildings can be formed with a margin of safety, which will allow, after installing it at a working position, to increase floors by conventional methods.

 When using the method, two or three foundation floors are underground. They can be used for shops, cafes, garages, underground roads, etc., increasing the comfort of life of citizens.

 Using the proposed method, you can build exotic cities on the water like Venice.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of constructing buildings, including forming a foundation pit for a building, forming halves of a building in a horizontal position and translating them into a vertical position, characterized in that the halves of the building, including their foundation parts, are formed horizontally on floating platforms that are placed in artificial or in a natural body of water, halves of the building are brought into a vertical position, starting from immersion of their foundation parts in water; The melt is delivered to the installation site.  2. The device for implementing the construction method according to claim 1 includes two platforms mounted on the floats, and at least part of the floats are immersed and floating.

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