RU2194831C2 - Set of volumetric-traveling forms and process of erection of buildings with its use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to erect buildings and structures with monolithic cross-bar frame with employment of volumetric- traveling, expandable, tunnel forms for simultaneous erection of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, floors and columns. Forms of columns and floors are mounted on detent side by side with tunnel forms which makes it feasible to cast concrete simultaneously on internal walls, columns and floors within bounds of entire detent. External walls are built from scaffold put on floor above erected story and restrained between floors with three-story lag as minimum from erection of monolithic structures. EFFECT: increased versatility of employed equipment, simplified approach to execution of basic operations, reduced labor input and shortened erection time. 5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction technology and can be used for the erection of buildings and structures with a monolithic bezelless frame using volumetric climbing formwork, including sliding, tunnel, columns and ceilings at the same time.

 The closest technical solution in terms of the method is the method of erecting monolithic buildings, including the manufacture of support crowns broken down into grips, installation of scaffolds around the entire perimeter of the erected floor of the building, placement of embedded parts in the form of concrete crosses made separately for wall thickness and the height of the overlap, installation of communication networks , installation of formwork in the form of half-tunnels with the placement of wall and ceiling reinforcement and setting the design position of the half-tunnels vertically and horizontally, concreters of walls and floors, concrete in the formwork shutter before hardening, dismantling of the shuttering unit at the subsequent-bay and repeating the process cycle.

 The disadvantage of this method is its limited technological capabilities, allowing the construction of only frameless structures.

 The closest technical solution in terms of wall formwork is a set of volumetric climbing tunnel formwork containing a tunnel formwork for one gripper, including prefabricated formwork L-shaped half-tunnels and L-shaped panels with an end that form tunnels, embedded elements, elements in a paired position fastening the boards to the joint between each other, struts of adjustable length and supporting channel beams for the rigidity of the panels that make up the formwork stabilization system, and auxiliary equipment - scaffolding.

 The fastening elements of the ceiling shields of the tunnel formwork to each other at the joint are made in the form of a pair of fixing bolts with a fifth fastened on opposite sides of the jointed shields, and the heel is equipped with a mounting pin inserted into the corresponding groove of the shield and providing stabilization of the axial distance between the fixing bolts with the fastening element locking bolts, made in the form of a locking rotary bracket mounted on one end movably on one locking bolt, and capturing in the working position the other end-hook fixing bolt (1, 2).

 The disadvantage of the technical solution of this formwork is the lack of column formwork and modular locking rotary brackets, which provide stabilization of the axial distance between the fixing bolts installed with an offset on opposite sides of the shield joint.

 There are known designs of formwork for concrete concreting, including individual panels, connecting and installation elements (3, 4).

 The disadvantage of these designs is the lack of horizontal panels with fixing bolts and locking rotary brackets for connecting with horizontal boards sections of half-tunnels and formwork floors, eliminating the simultaneous concreting of columns, ceilings and internal walls.

 The closest technical solution to the formwork for concreting floors is a formwork containing parallel adjustable height and connected to each other by means of crosses frames with beams installed transversely and longitudinally on them, on which a flat flooring is fixed (5).

 The disadvantages of the formwork of floors are limited technological capabilities that allow it to be used only in confined volumes of building objects, that is, only with internal walls, as well as the absence of fixing bolts in the design, which provide connection to the horizontal panels of the sections of the half-tunnels of the column formwork and additional boards.

 The closest technical solution to the scaffolds is the scaffolds containing parallel-mounted load-bearing cantilever beams fixed at one end on the same floor of the building using spreaders, and a cargo area equipped with a monorail beam installed on the free ends of the cantilever beams along the facade of the building, and the cargo area is secured with using rollers on a monorail beam with the possibility of raising, lowering and moving along it (6).

 The disadvantages of the known scaffolding include the unstable position of the cargo area suspended from the carriage on ropes, low load capacity, insufficient spatial rigidity, which implies that the structure is subject to the influence of horizontal static and dynamic loads, the purpose of which does not include the construction of walls made of piece materials and excludes the movement of people from the cargo area to overlap.

 Known technical solutions for volumetric climbing formwork involve the implementation of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame in two stages: first, the walls and columns, then the ceilings, or the simultaneous execution of only monolithic walls and ceilings.

 The aim of the proposed solution is to use previously known methods and structures for the simultaneous construction of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, ceilings and columns at the same time.

 The goal is achieved as follows.

 1. Determination of the required modulus of the multiplicity of the overall dimensions of the formwork elements to compile the minimum required quantitative and nomenclature set of formwork elements, linking the overall dimensions of building structures in plan and dimensions in the axes of the regular building plan.

 2. The appointment of overall dimensions and the adoption of a constructive solution formative horizontal formwork elements, the preparation of formwork elements in blocks.

 3. The development of nodes for the connection of formwork blocks to each other.

 4. The definition of the design of the connecting elements.

 The method is characterized in that, along with the tunnel formwork intended for forming the internal walls and floors between them, the formwork of the columns and floors is installed on the grab, which allows simultaneous concreting of the internal walls and floors between them with columns and ceilings throughout the entire grab.

 The set of volumetric climbing formwork is distinguished by the fact that in addition to the half-tunnel sections and inserts, it includes a formwork of columns, a formwork of the columns, a shuttering formwork, modular locking rotary brackets that allow the connection of horizontal panels of the individual formwork blocks when the fixing bolts are shifted to different sides from the junction of the shields relative to each other within their step by an amount multiple of the modulus.

 The constructive solution of column formwork differs in that its elements are made in the form of interlocked L-shaped sections of the column end formwork and L-shaped sections of the annular space, similar to sections of half tunnels, including installation, alignment devices and wheels for transporting formwork elements manually to the evacuation site, equipped modular locking rotary bracket for connecting horizontal formwork panels of columns with sections of half-tunnels, tables and additional boards of formwork floors when possible SG-offset fixing bolts on either side of the junction boards relative to each other within their pitch by a multiple module that allows simultaneous concreting internal walls, columns and ceilings.

 The design of the formwork of the floors is characterized by the fact that it is an integral design of tables where the longitudinal beams and the flat flooring are combined into horizontal panels equipped along the perimeter with fixing bolts installed at a distance from each other, multiple of the module, which allows connection between each other, as well as with horizontal shields of sections of the half-tunnels of column formwork, additional shields with possible displacement of the fixing bolts on different sides from the joint of the shields relative to each other within their step by a multiple of m I’ve made it possible, thanks to which the technological possibilities of using formwork beyond the confined volumes of building structures are expanded, it becomes possible to simultaneously use it with formwork of columns, sections of half-tunnels and additional boards.

 The construction of the scaffolds is distinguished by the presence of vertical flat frames, stairs, a working floor with a guard, diagonal and horizontal ties with spacers, assembled into a single spatial rigid structure on clamps, installed on the floor above the floor to be pinched between the floors and bursted into the vertical structures of the structure being erected by jacks , which ensures a stable position of the scaffolding, allowing the production of works on the facade, the erection of walls from piece materials, eschenie people along the facade and ceiling of the overlying floors and erected.

 The proposed set of volumetric climbing formwork, designed for the construction of monolithic structures and buildings with bezelless frame and internal walls with simultaneous concreting of internal walls, columns and ceilings, is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a column formwork block, general view; figure 2 - modular locking rotary bracket; figure 3 is a fragment of a regular building plan with a distance between the axes "1-2" and "2-3" - 4800 mm, "3-4" - 3600 mm, "4-5" - 4200 mm, "A-B "and" G-D "- 6000 mm," B-G "- 3000 mm; figure 4 - installation plan for the placement of formwork elements of the structures of the regular building plan of figure 3; figure 5 - wiring diagram of the arrangement of elements of the formwork of the floor and columns with a pitch of 6000 mm, section aa; figure 6 is a wiring diagram of the arrangement of elements of the formwork of floors and columns with a pitch of 3000 mm, section "BB"; Fig.7 is a wiring diagram of the arrangement of elements of the formwork of the wall, columns and overlap span 4800 mm, section "BB"; on Fig - wiring diagram of the arrangement of the elements of the formwork of the columns and overlap span 4800 mm, section "GG"; figure 9 - scaffold for the construction of the outer wall of piece materials and works on the facade; figure 10 - section "DD" in fig. 9.

 The column formwork is shown in figure 1 and is a block made up of two L-shaped sections of the formwork of the ends of the columns 13 and two L-shaped sections of the annular space 1, made similar to the L-shaped sections of the half tunnels and consisting of a horizontal shield 3, a wall shield 4 , V-shaped rack 7, strut 8 and bracket 9. For installation and alignment of the formwork unit in height, the V-shaped rack 7 and wall board 4 are equipped with jacks 5 and for manual movement with wheels 6. In the block, the L-shaped sections of the formwork are connected by T -shaped ties washers 14. The vertical alignment of the block and making it stable is carried out by struts with jacks 15, which, if necessary, are removed after fixing the formwork of the columns with other formwork elements with locking rotary brackets 11 mounted on fixing bolts with nuts 2 on opposite sides of the joint panels opposite each other friend. When the position of the fixing bolts offset relative to each other within their step, the formwork elements are secured with modular locking rotary brackets 12. A modular locking rotary bracket is shown in FIG. 2, and for convenience, it can be either ordinary or mirror type 12 (FIG. 1).

 The distance between the axes of the holes along the long side of the bracket corresponds to the magnitude of the modularity of the sizes of the formwork elements, the short - to the fixed distance between the fixing bolts installed on opposite sides of the junction of horizontal panels.

Presented in FIG. 3, a fragment of the regular plan includes columns and internal walls with a span of 4800, 4200, 3600 mm and a pitch of columns of 3000 and 6000 mm, the structures of which can be molded by the formwork elements presented on the installation plan of FIG. 4, where:
1, 16 - L-shaped sections of the annular space;
13 - L-shaped sections of the ends of the columns;
17, 18 - additional panels formwork overlap annular space;
20 - tables formwork floor span;
21 - shield end faces;
22, 23 - L-shaped sections of half tunnels;
24 - back (end) shield of half tunnels;
25 - shield end wall;
26 - additional boards of tables;
27 - corner end shields of wall formwork;
28 - shields of wall formwork.

 The wiring diagram of the arrangement of formwork elements, section "B-B", is shown in Fig.6, where the L-shaped sections of the annular space 1, which belong to two different blocks of the formwork of the columns, mirror-shaped to each other, form a U-shaped section of the tunnel for the minimum pitch of the columns - 3000 mm. With an increased column pitch of 6000 mm, shown in FIG. 5, between the L-shaped sections of the annular space 1 on the telescopic racks 19 are installed additional shields 17 and 18 with a length of respectively 1200 mm 17 and 1800 mm.

 If there is a complete shuttering formwork of additional panels of various lengths, it becomes possible to form an overlap between columns with different steps that are a multiple of the module, in this case 3000, 4200, 4800, 6000 mm, etc.

 The simultaneous molding of internal walls, columns and floors with a span of 4800 mm is shown in the installation diagram of the arrangement of formwork elements (Fig. 7), where between the L-shaped sections of the half-tunnels 23 and the formwork of the columns 1, the formwork of the ceilings in the form of tables 20 and additional panels 26 is installed.

 In the installation diagram of the formwork arrangement shown in FIG. 8, the columns are simultaneously formed and the span 4800 mm is overlapped between them, where tables 20 and additional panels 26 are installed between the formwork of the columns 1.

 In the presented set of volumetric climbing formwork, changing the number of tables and additional panels or changing the orientation in the plan of tables (Fig. 4), it is possible to simultaneously form walls, columns and floors with the necessary set of dimensions between the axes of the structures in the plan, provided that they correspond to the dimensional multiplicity module sizes of formwork elements.

For the construction of walls from piece materials and the simultaneous execution of facade work can be used shown in Fig.9 scaffolds, explained by the section "DD" (Fig.10), where
29 - scaffolds;
30 - columns;
31 - overlap;
32 - exterior walls
The scaffolds are made in the form of vertical flat frames 33 of rolled profiles assembled in a rigid spatial structure by ties 37 on the clamps 40 and installed above the floor to be installed on floor 31 with pinching between floors 31, and bursted by jacks 39 into vertical structures 30 of the structure to be erected.

 For the works on the facade, the erection of external walls, the movement of people along the facade and on the overlap of the erected and overlying floors, the scaffolds are equipped with a working floor 34 with a fence 35 and ladders 36;

 The direction of movement of the works on the facade from the bottom up is the same as the construction of a monolithic frame and does not exclude a parallel, with lagging from the construction of the frame at least three floors, the work on the facade and the construction of external walls from piece materials.

 The invention expands the arsenal of technical means, technological capabilities of the equipment used, increases its versatility and quality of buildings and structures being built, increases the degree of their monolithicity, simplifies the implementation of the main types of work, reduces the number of operations performed, the labor costs for their implementation, which reduces the time of building construction, as well as reduces energy losses in the process of curing concrete.

Sources of information
1. RF patent 2119026, E 04 G 11/20, 1997.

 2. RF patent 2078180, E 04 G 11/20, 1996.

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR 1663146, E 04 G 13/02, 1989.

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR 179458, F 04 G 13 / 02.1961.

 5. RF patent 2081269, E 04 G 11/38, 1997.

 6. RF patent 2062851, E 04 G 3/06, 1996.

Claims (5)

 1. A set of volumetric climbing formwork, including L-shaped sections of half-tunnels with an end shield, assembled within the gripper with fixing the formwork elements to each other on locking-rotary brackets, mounted at one end movably on a bolt-fixer located on the horizontal shield of one formwork element , and capturing the other bolt-end on the other formwork element, characterized in that to ensure the simultaneous erection of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, ceilings and columns, in a set The formwork is additionally introduced by column formwork, tables and additional formwork panels, and shut-off and swivel brackets with a single module of the multiplicity of the overall formwork dimensions are made with the possibility of connecting horizontal boards of individual formwork elements when the locking bolts are displaced on opposite sides from the joint of the boards relative to each other within their step by a multiple of the modulus.  2. A set of volumetric climbing formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that it is composed of G-shaped sections of the column end formwork and G-shaped sections of the annular space, similar to sections of half tunnels.  3. A set of volumetric climbing formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal beams and the flat flooring form horizontal panels equipped around the perimeter with fixing bolts installed at a distance multiple of a single module.  4. Scaffolding for the erection of external walls from piece materials and facade work, consisting of vertical flat frames, stairs and a fixed working floor, characterized in that the flat frames, fixed working floor and stairs are assembled in a rigid spatial structure with ties extending into vertical structures the building being erected with jacks, and installed on the floor above the floor being built with pinching between the floors.  5. The method of construction of buildings with a monolithic bezelless frame using a set of formwork and scaffolding according to paragraphs. 1-4, including the compilation of the formwork elements into blocks, the connection of the blocks between themselves, the installation of embedded elements, reinforcement, characterized in that the concrete walls and floors between them and the concrete columns and floors within the entire grab are carried out simultaneously, and the external walls are made of piece materials and facade works are carried out from the scaffolds lagging behind monolithic structures in at least 3 floors.

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