RU219434U1 - DEVICE FOR PREVENTING FORMATION OF SNOW Eaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of anti-avalanche measures. The design is designed to prevent the formation of snow cornices at the crest of the slope and the discontinuity of the snow layer in the zone of avalanche origin. The proposed design solves the problem of adjusting the position of one of the constituent elements of the device - the panel due to the possibility of changing the height of the racks and the angle of the panel during operation. To achieve this result, the following set of essential features is used: in the device for preventing the formation of snow eaves, including, like the prototype: a supporting frame of vertical posts and diagonal braces connected to a flat panel, and flexible braces, also connected to the panel with the possibility of fixing the device on a mountain slope, unlike the prototype, the vertical posts are made prefabricated, consisting of supporting and retractable parts, connected by fasteners with the possibility of changing height, while supporting and retractable parts of the uprights and diagonal braces are equipped with hinges with the ability to change the angle of inclination of the panel, in turn, flexible braces and diagonal braces are equipped with lanyards with the ability to change the tension with changing the height and inclination of the panel. 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of anti-avalanche measures and is designed to prevent the formation of snow cornices at the crest of the slope and the discontinuity of the snow layer in the zone of avalanche initiation. The utility model can be used in mountainous areas as a protective measure against snow avalanches during the construction and operation of railways and roads, industrial facilities, settlements, ski resorts.

There are known methods of dealing with snow eaves by collapsing them: cutting with cables, undermining with explosives, cutting with a filament, hot water, etc. (Glaciological Dictionary / Under the editorship of V. M. Kotlyakov - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. - 527 p.).

All these methods have a number of disadvantages that affect the safety and effectiveness of anti-avalanche measures:

- when cutting, it is not always possible to determine the contour of the edge of the ridge, and when the cornice collapses, despite the insurance, you can break off along with it;

- there are quite high operating costs;

- it is often difficult to get to the places where cornices are formed;

- the collapse of massive cornices can provoke avalanches.

One of the advantages of the claimed solution in comparison with the indicated analogs is the increase in the safety and efficiency of anti-avalanche measures by preventing the formation of snow cornices on the ridge.

The design of a snow blowing fence is known, described in "SP 342.1325800.2017 Protection of the railway track and structures from adverse natural phenomena. Design and Construction Rules, pp. 78-79. The principle of operation of such a fence is based on the compression of the snow-wind flow near the place being brought in, increasing its speed, which contributes to the transfer of snow through the subgrade. The total height of the snow blowing fence is 5 m, including the height of the panel - 3 m, the height of the blown opening - 2 m. The panel is arranged with a 20% clearance and set at an angle of 90 ° to the horizon. Snow blowing fences are made in two versions: reinforced concrete supports and wooden filling or fences made entirely of wood.

The disadvantage of analogue is the short service life and high complexity during installation.

Among the known analogues, the closest to the claimed utility model (prototype) is the device described in US Pat. RF No. 96131, IPC E 01F 7/02, publ. 07/20/2010 and representing rods mounted on a slope, fastening cables, shields based on racks that are attached to the bed base by welding.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to adjust the height of the racks and the angle of the panel, which does not allow you to change the position of the panel during operation.

The proposed utility model solves the problem of adjusting the position of the device panel by changing the height of the racks, which allows you to change the height of the panel and its angle of inclination during operation, which makes it possible to change the height of the gap between the panel and the slope surface, and the angle of flow separation.

To achieve this result, the following set of essential features is used: in the device for preventing the formation of snow cornices, including, like the prototype: a supporting frame of vertical posts and diagonal braces connected to a flat panel, and flexible braces, also connected to the panel with the possibility of fixing on a mountain slope, unlike the prototype, the vertical posts are made prefabricated, consisting of support and retractable parts, interconnected by fasteners, with the possibility of changing the height of the panel, while supporting both the upper parts of the uprights and the diagonal braces are equipped with hinges with the ability to change the angle of the panel, in turn, the flexible braces and diagonal braces are equipped with lanyards with the ability to change the tension with changing the height and inclination of the panel.

The essence of the utility model is to provide the possibility of adjusting the position of the device panel during operation by making the supporting elements of the device adjustable depending on the change in the snow and wind flow (wind speed and direction, snow transfer volume, etc.). This, in turn, makes it possible to change the height of the gap between the panel and the slope surface, which makes it possible to increase the snow blowing effect, and the possibility of dividing the snow and wind flow into 2 parts in a ratio, which together reduces the avalanche danger in mountainous areas. Depending on the angle and height of the panel, the panel divides the snow-wind flow into two parts: one part directed into the gap between the panel and the slope surface, and the other - upward tangentially from the upper surface of the panel. The down stream passing through the narrow gap increases in speed and above the slope surface carries the snow down the slope crest. The upper flow, rising up from the upper surface of the panel, mixes with the upper layers of the snow-wind flow moving at high speed and thus evenly redistributing the snow cover over the slope surface). The panel position is adjusted according to the results of seasonal observations of snow transport in the avalanche area.

Comparison of the proposed device and the prototype showed that the task set - the ability to control the position of the device during operation - is solved as a result of a new set of features, which proves the compliance of the utility model, the elements of which are in structural unity and in functional interconnection, with the patentability criterion "novelty".

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

figure 1 shows a side view of the proposed device;

figure 2 - node connection parts of vertical racks;

figure 3 - hinge assembly;

figure 4 - brace lanyard type;

figure 5 - cable guy with lanyard;

The proposed utility model is made as follows.

The device to prevent the formation of snow cornices (figure 1) is a structure consisting of vertical racks of a telescopic type, consisting of retractable 1 and support 2 parts, the top flat panel measuring 3x4 meters 3, which can be made of various materials, including composite, diagonal braces 4 and flexible cable braces 5. Parts 1, 2 racks are inserted into each other and have a number of matching holes along the entire length. using fasteners 7 (figure 2). The base part 2 and the base plate 8 have a swivel to change the angle of inclination (figure 3). Diagonal braces 4 work like lanyards - a double screw tie 9, which has an internal multidirectional thread, into which rods 10 and 11 with external multidirectional threads are screwed on both sides (Fig. 4). When the body 9 is rotated, the remaining fixed rods 10 and 11, depending on the direction of rotation, converge or diverge, changing the working length of the braces. Flexible cable braces 5 are additionally equipped with a turnbuckle 6 with the ability to change the tension with changing the height and inclination of the panels, and on the one hand, they are pressed with bolt clamps 12 to be able to adjust the length of the cable during installation, on the other hand, with an aluminum sleeve 13 and a rigging bracket 14 for mounting on the device (Fig.5).

The support posts are installed on the prepared base directly on the rocky ground or on concrete supports. Guys are attached to ground anchors installed on the slope. All metal parts of the structure have a reliable anti-corrosion coating.

In contrast to the prototype, in which to change the position of the device in the event of a change in wind speed or direction, the amount of snow transfer, etc. it is necessary to dismantle the horizontal panel, in the proposed device it is enough to raise the panel and tilt it to the required height and angle, which can significantly reduce time and labor costs.

The utility model was tested at one of the ski resorts in Krasnaya Polyana and showed its effectiveness. The foregoing allows us to conclude that the claimed utility model meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A device for preventing the formation of snow cornices, including a supporting frame made of vertical posts, diagonal braces and flexible braces connected to a flat panel, vertical posts and flexible braces are made with the possibility of fixing on a mountain slope, characterized in that the vertical posts are made prefabricated, consisting of support and retractable parts interconnected by fasteners, with the possibility of changing the height, while the support and retractable parts of the racks and diagonal braces s are equipped with hinges with the ability to change the angle of the panel, in turn, the flexible braces are equipped with lanyards with the ability to change the tension with changing the height and inclination of the panel, and the diagonal braces are made like lanyards.