RU2194069C2 - Multifunctional gasoline additive and fuel composition containing this additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motor fuels. SUBSTANCE: additive contains, %: aliphatic alcohol with C3-C8-alkyl radicals, 25-60; N-methylaniline, up to 45; and dicoccodimethylammonium chloride, 75; 2-propanol, 15; mixture, 0.1-0.3. Fuel composition contains, %: ethanol up to 10; water 0.1-0.3; additive 1.0-3.0; and gasoline, the balance. EFFECT: enabled stabilizing watered gasoline fractions. 4 cl, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemicals, specifically to the composition of a multifunctional universal additive and fuel composition containing this additive and intended for use in internal combustion engines.

 Solving environmental problems has increased interest in additives that increase the octane number (OC) of gasoline and reduce emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons into the environment with exhaust gases.

 Effective additives that solve these problems are oxygen-containing compounds - oxygenates, such as alkyl esters, alcohols, ketones.

 These additives are introduced into base fuels along with aromatic hydrocarbons (application EPO 0121089, C 10 L 1/02, 1984).

 Known fuel composition based on catalytic reforming gasoline containing up to 50 wt.% Fractions of direct distillation gasoline and 3-15 wt.% Additives based on methyl tert-butyl ether (FETEROL) (RF patent 2092524, C 10 L 1/18, 1997).

 As high-octane gasoline components, oxygenates, methyl or ethyl alcohols are also known in a mixture with higher molecular weight alcohols.

 Known additive for gasoline based on ethyl alcohol containing N-methylamine up to 16 wt.%, Crotonaldehyde 0.1-10 wt.%, Ethyl ether 0.1-0.8 wt.% (RF patent 2148077, C 10 L 1/18, 1/22, 1999).

Common disadvantages of oxygenates included in gasoline additives are:
- the need for their addition to gasoline in large quantities (15-25 wt.% to increase the OR by 6-8 points);
- low hydrolytic stability and high moisture absorption capacity of oxygenates, leading to severe electrochemical corrosion of containers and engines;
- lower calorific value than gasoline and reduction in this regard to the path length at one gas station.

 Known additive for gasoline based on stabilized ethyl alcohol containing N-methylaniline, ferrocene and / or α-hydroxyisopropyl-ferrocene (RF patent 2129141, CL 10 L 1/18, 1999).

 The disadvantages of the additives described in this patent are the presence of ferrocene and / or its derivative, which increase the wear of engine parts, increase gum formation and have a negative effect on the operation of catalytic converters of cars.

 Currently, great practical interest in solving environmental problems and increasing the HF is manifested in alcohol-gasoline fuel compositions with a high octane number and reducing emissions of harmful substances into the surrounding atmosphere.

 However, automobile gasolines containing up to 15 wt.% Alcohol have insufficient operational properties: low storage stability when water enters the environment.

 Contact with water causes delamination of the fuel mixture and the formation of a two-phase system: organic and aqueous. Separation of the fuel composition into gasoline and water-alcohol layers complicates the operation of internal combustion engines - the engine stalls, fuel tanks freeze.

 To eliminate this drawback, water is removed from gasoline-alcohol mixtures or various cosolvents and stabilizers are used.

Known additive to motor fuel containing, wt.%: Ethyl alcohol 1-12, aliphatic alcohols C ₃ -C ₅ 0,3-40 (US patent 4541836, C 10 L 1/18, 1985), as well as a fuel composition, containing gasoline, ethyl alcohol and alkyl acetate with alkyl radicals C ₁ -C ₆ linear or branched structure (US patent 4394133, CL C 10 L 1/18, 1983).

 However, such a fuel does not have sufficiently high antiknock properties and a low cloud point.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a multifunctional additive for gasoline based on ethanol containing N-methylaniline, a detergent additive based on amide and a stabilizer in the form of a mixture of aliphatic alcohols C ₃ -C ₅ in the prescribed ratio (Eurasian patent 000882, class C 10 L 1/18, 2000).

 The disadvantages of the additives described in this patent are the presence of a large number of components in it, which complicates the process of its preparation, the need to introduce this additive in large quantities (from 2 to 15 wt.%), Which does not allow using it for the convenience of the consumer in small packaging and realize through the distribution network, the mandatory presence of ethyl alcohol in its composition, which does not allow to use the most effective multifunctional additive Keropur, which is a Entire amines and mineral oil is not soluble in ethanol.

 Known fuel composition containing this additive in an amount of from 2 to 15 wt.% (Eurasian patent 000882, class C 10 L 1/18, 2000). The introduction into the fuel composition of an additive containing a large number of components and a large volume quantity by mass fraction (2-15 wt.%) Makes the fuel composition more expensive, and the obligatory presence of alcohol does not provide the latter with the necessary stability in the presence of water at high humidity of gasoline.

 The objective of the present invention is to remedy the above disadvantages by creating a multi-functional with fewer components of a universal additive to gasoline mixtures, both containing and not containing ethyl alcohol, introducing it into the composition of gasoline mixtures in an amount 3-5 times smaller by mass share, and with the possibility of using a more effective multi-functional additive Keropur (a mixture of amines and mineral oils).

 To improve the washing and protective properties of the composition, chemical and colloidal stability, the proposed composition of the additive allows you to enter the currently most effective multifunctional additive KEROPUR brand ES 3401 in an amount of from 1.0 to 4.0 wt.%.

 The preparation of the proposed additives and compositions containing it is carried out by mixing the components with stirring on standard equipment.

The main initial components for the preparation of the composition are industrial products that are produced according to relevant specifications and state standards:
a mixture of commercial gasolines AI-80 (A-76) and AI-92 (AI- (91), the octane number of the gasoline base according to the research method was 88.5 units;
ethyl alcohol produced by industry according to TU 387.402-62-117-98;
hydrocarbon fraction with T _bales. 145-200 ^o C (kerosene fraction);
C ₃ -C ₈ aliphatic alcohols (GOST 9805 or GOST 9536);
N-methylaniline (TU 2471-269-00204168-96);
ARKVAD 2C-75 (dicocodimethylammonium chloride (75%) / 2-propanol (15%)) - product code 570101 ICS409, is manufactured and delivered to Russia by Akzo Nobel Chemicals-Deventer (Netherlands) and is a yellow liquid with a viscosity at 25 ^o С 120 MPa, density 880 kg / m ³ at 20 ^o С, boiling point 80 ^o С, pH 6-9, the product complies with the requirements of EU directives.

Keropur (KEROPUR ES 3401) - a mixture of amines with special mineral oils, has a density at 15 ^° C of 0.86 g / cm ³ according to ASTM D 4052, viscosity at 20 ^° C 160 mm ² / s according to ASTM D 445, pour point below -20 ^o С according to ASTM D 97, flash point 61 ^o С according to DIN 51 755. A combination of special mineral oils is used in Keropur ES 3401 as a diluent.

 In the table. 1 and 2 show the compositions of the claimed additives and gasoline mixtures with and without the presence of ethyl alcohol.

 In the table. 3 given the composition of the fuel composition in table. 4 presents the test results of the fuel compositions of the compositions shown in table. 3. Tests were conducted according to the "Complex of methods of qualification assessment" and according to GOST 2084-72.

The data given in table. 4, confirm that the use of ARKVAD, taken in established quantitative ratios, allows to lower the cloud point to -35 ^o With a simultaneous increase in OR to 95.5 and higher, to improve the washing, antiknock and environmental properties of fuel compositions.

 The proposed additive stabilizes gasoline fuels in the presence and absence of ethanol in them and even with moistened gasoline fractions containing up to 0.3 wt.% Water, which makes this additive universal and ensures the expansion of the use of gasoline fuels when it is used, including alcohol-containing, as automobile motor fuel.

Claims (2)

1. A multifunctional universal additive to gasoline mixtures, including aliphatic alcohols C ₃ -C ₈ , N-methylaniline, dicocodimethylammonium chloride (75%) / 2-propanol (15%) (ARKVAD 2C-75) and the hydrocarbon fraction boiling off as a base in the range of 145-200 ^o With the following ratio of components, wt. %:
N-methylaniline - Up to 45.00
ARKVAD 2S-75 - 0.1-0.4
Aliphatic alcohols C ₃ -C ₈ - 25.0-60.0
Hydrocarbon fraction - Up to 100
2. The additive according to claim 1, containing a multifunctional additive Keropur in an amount of 1-4 wt. % 3. A fuel composition based on gasoline mixtures containing a multifunctional universal additive according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
Water - 0.1-0.3
PP supplement 1 and 2 - 1.0-3.0
Gasoline - Up to 100
4. The fuel composition according to p. 3, additionally containing ethanol in an amount of up to 10 wt. %

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