RU2193982C2 - Method to provide safety zone at road accidents and design of seat implementing said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of safe holding of passengers or drivers in case of road accident. According to the method, in case of road accident kinetic energy of passenger or driver is absorbed by seat belt together with flexibly deformable structure consisting of twin tubular frame so that at moderate loads upper part of tubular structure is shifted under action of elastic deformation, and at heavy loads tubular structure undergoes residual deformation which takes place simultaneously with displacement under action of elastic deformation, and in phase of residual deformation, passenger or driver can be shifted backwards to thrust against seat squab under action of elastic deformation in upper part of tubular structure. Said device has seat frame with cushion and squab (B, A) made of parallel tubes. Tubes 1, 2 are arranged above/under each other and before/after each other on section of cushion B or squab A, respectively, to the level of breast D of passenger or driver. Tubes twist and, above said position, they occupy position close to each other. Deformable reinforcement plates are rigidly installed between parallel tubes 1, 2 at least on section of cushion B or on lower part of squab A. Result of invention is taking up heavy loads at emergencies owing to re-distribution of action of load from frame and provision of elastic and possible residual deformation of seat. EFFECT: improved safety of passengers and driver at road accidents. 7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to a method for safely fixing passengers and drivers of an emergency vehicle and a seat for implementing this method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for safely and smoothly securing passengers and a driver when using a seat belt and a seat together.

 The benefits of using a seat belt to prevent injuries are well known. However, there are several problems associated with protecting passengers and the driver with a seat belt. These include the problem of placing the seat belt attachment points in a limited space, for example, in minibuses and public transport.

 The use of seat belts in public transport entails the problems of safely securing the vehicle seat belts to the seat. The seat belt attachment that is installed in the seat and is used today is a rigid and voluminous structure that takes up a lot of useful space in a vehicle. The attachment unit, which is installed outside the seat, must have hard mounts, which also occupy a useful place of the vehicle and require sufficient strength of the walls and floor of the vehicle. Other requirements for the vehicle seatbelt mounting assembly are that under no circumstances should they increase the risk of injury to other passengers.

 DE-A-2546157 describes a seatback of a vehicle with a built-in safety belt that crashes during lateral bending. This design cannot take heavy loads and is most likely very dangerous in case of accidents at a speed of more than 30 km / h. Thus, under heavy loads, the deformation elasticity of the collapse suddenly disappears and the passenger or driver can be seriously affected by the impact.

 In the application US-A-4993778 describes the design of the seat with a seat belt. The seat belt mount is mounted outside the seat. This design can not take the load from the accident.

 WO 9014245 provides one example of a structural solution for a completely rigid seat. In an accident, this design does not provide smooth retention of the passenger or driver. This document is an example of a voluminous and massive design that does not contain improvements. The same can be said about the application EP-0590237, in which no efforts were made to refine the design. This design is very complex and most likely quite massive.

 The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for arranging seat belts made integral with the seat, characterized in that the light and small seat frame of the seat is capable of absorbing heavy loads during accidents by optimally redistributing the load acting on the belt and at the same time providing elastic and possibly permanent deformation , first the seatback, and then the bottom of the seat. During emergency loads, the belt lengthens from 5 to 10%, and this lengthening along with deformation of the backrest allows you to smoothly hold the passenger or driver in place. Existing deformation reduces the risk of injuries to passengers and the driver as a result of shaking.

 In accordance with the present invention, this is achieved by applying the method and device described in the claims.

 In the event of an accident, the kinetic energy of the passenger or driver is absorbed by the seat belts and the double-frame structure from elastically deformable tubes so that during moderate loads the upper part of the double-tube frame structure bends, and with a stronger impact, the structure is permanently deformed by elastic deformation design of a double tubular frame, in addition, permanent deformation allows the back of the passenger or driver to move back to the side kicks back that occurs as a result of elastic displacement of the superstructure double tubular frame. It was shown that the load on the cervical area of the passenger or driver, as well as injuries are reduced in comparison with the case of using a conventional seat belt installed outside the seat. To some extent, this positive effect can be explained by the braking effect of the passenger or driver when he moves in such a way that at first the belt stretches, which occurs simultaneously with braking from the action of elastic deformation in the upper part of the tubular frame on the back of the seat. In this case, permanent deformation occurs, but not in the part of the construction of the double tubular frame, where there is movement under the action of elastic deformation. Thus, this elastic deformation still occurs and slows down the speed of the head of the passenger or driver when it is sharply moved backward.

 At higher speeds, there is a phase at which the bent part of the structure of the parallel tubes deforms (when moving from the back to the seat). At the same time or a little later (depending on the type of transport seat, for example a city bus or a tourist bus), deformation with the accumulation of energy of the traverse flooring, which is usually used to fix the seat structure to the vehicle floor, can begin to be used. With the appropriate selection of sizes and material, it is possible to achieve a very soft deceleration of the movement of the passenger or driver with the maximum use of elastic and permanent deformation of all deformation zones.

 Thus, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to produce seats specially adapted for children and school buses, some of which will be designed for children weighing, for example, up to 20 kg, others for children weighing, for example, from 20 to 30 kg, and etc. Thus, it is possible to increase the safety of passengers and the driver. You can, of course, use this method of the present invention for family cars. Thus, the dimensions and shape of the seat correspond not only to the body weight of the passenger or driver, but also to its height, fullness and the ratio of body height and leg length.

The present invention describes a device for smoothly holding a passenger or driver using a seat belt attached to a vehicle seat. This device has the following features:
a seat frame with a seat and back (B, A) made of parallel tubes, with two tubes (1, 2) located above / below each other and in front / behind each other on the seat (B) and back (A), respectively in comparison with the position of the chest (D) of the passenger or driver, while above this position the tubes twist and stand next to each other;
deformable reinforcement plates (12) rigidly mounted between parallel tubes (1, 2), at least on the seat (B) and on the lower back (A).

 This design saves space, especially on public transport with several rows of seats installed in front of each other, at the same time, the weight of this design is small.

 The following is a description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a perspective front view of a seat frame comprising a frame of parallel tubes arranged in accordance with the present invention;
in FIG. 2. shows a perspective view of the seat from above;
in FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the seat from above with the image of reinforcing plates and backs;
in FIG. 4a and 4b schematically show the behavior of a seat with a frame of parallel tubes during a load;
in FIG. 5a and 5b show a perspective view of the seat assembly front and rear, respectively.

 In FIG. 1 shows a perspective front view of the seat frame, which includes a frame of two parallel tubes 1 and 2. The sections of the frame 1 and 2 run parallel from the lower part B to the back A through the bent section C. For attaching to traverses (not shown), fixed to the vehicle deck, channels 3 and 4 are used. A stabilizing plate 5 is attached to the tubular section of the frame 2. Approximately at the chest or passenger chest level, section D in FIG. 1 - sections of the frame 1 and 2 are intertwined and from a position in front / behind each other, they move to a position next to each other (see Fig. 2). Two attachment points 8 and 9 are used to connect the tubular sections of the frame 1 and 2 in the upper part of the seat frame. In FIG. 2 shows the separation of sections of the tubular frame 1 and 2 at the place of bend C.

 In the lower part of the seat is a reinforcement plate 7, which gives rigidity to the seat frame and increases its fracture resistance. This is also the reason for the use of oval tubes. Plates 6 and 7 also include bent sections 6a (not visible) and 7a. These bent sections are connected to oval tubes and together with the adjacent tube section form a structure for fastening the seat.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the connection of the tubular sections of the frame with a fold C made using plates 12 and 13. These plates form pairs 12a, 13a and 12b, 13b, respectively, while the said pairs are connected to the sections of the tubular frame 1 and 2. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said pairs are installed by landing. The plates 12a, 12b are mounted on both sides, both externally and internally, and can be joined by welding or on bolts and / or screws. The back wall 10 of the seatback is, for example, made of fiberglass reinforced with a back 11. The seat is soft (see Fig. 5).

 In FIG. 4a shows the position of the upper elastic part of the parallel tube structure in an unloaded state, and in FIG. 4b shows the same area under conditions of force F (in the event of an accident from a seat belt). The drawing clearly shows how the tubular sections interact when placed next to each other and also during twisting. This twisting creates good characteristics that help create a soft component in the process of holding the passenger or driver.

 Finally, in FIG. 5a and 5b show a front and rear perspective view of the seat assembly of the present invention.

 The present invention is not limited to the examples shown, and various modifications are allowed within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

 1. A method of providing a safety zone in case of a vehicle accident using a seat belt and a tubular structure of a double tube forming the supporting frame of the vehicle seat, characterized in that in case of an accident, the kinetic energy of the passenger or driver is absorbed by the said seat belt together with an elastically deformable double tube structure so that under moderate loads the upper part of this tubular structure moves under the action of elastic deformation, and at large x loads this tubular structure undergoes permanent deformation which occurs simultaneously with the movement by the elastic deformation, the residual strain in the phase driver or a passenger by the elastic deformation of the upper tubular structure can be pulled back into the seat back.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the selection of sizes and the choice of material of the device parts and the tubular structure joints and attachment points of the traverse between the seat and the deck are performed in such a way as to achieve soft and smooth retention of the body of the passenger or driver, taking into account its weight in conditions of probable emergency speeds.  3. A device for smoothly holding a passenger or driver using a seat belt attached to the vehicle seat and for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seat frame with seat and backrest (B, A) is made of parallel tubes, with two tubes (1, 2) are located above / below each other and in front / behind each other on the seat (B) and back (A), respectively, up to the chest (D) level of the passenger or driver, while these tubes are twisted and above the named position take a position near d yz other, deformable strengthening plate (12) fixedly mounted between the parallel tubes (1, 2), at least the seat portion (B) and on the lower part of the back (A).  4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the deformable plates (12) are made in such a way that they form a tight connection of parallel pipes (1, 2) in the area between the seat (B) and the back (A).  5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that these tubes have an oval cross-section to increase bending resistance.  6. The device according to paragraphs. 3-5, characterized in that the deformable plate (12) is installed on both sides of the parallel tubes (1, 2) and these plates are bonded to each other.  7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the seat belt is a three-point belt, the upper fastening of which is made on parallel tubes (1, 2).

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