RU2193631C2 - Plant for intake of water from surface water reservoirs and water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plants for intake of water from surface water sources and water nonchemical treatment directly in said water sources. SUBSTANCE: plant has water intake including flotation vessel and perforated tubular system for air distribution and closed from atop filtering chamber with filter media and drainage system, pump, pressure vessel, jet device and electric gate valves. Plant additionally has compressor air pipe, transfer chamber, electric vacuum gage and control unit. Air pipe, on which jet device immersed in water, is connected with pressure vessel located in lower part of water intake and is also connected by means of additional pipe to pump suction pipe connected to drainage system and provided with electric vacuum gage. Pressure vessel is connected with perforated tubular system and has hole with check valve in partition between said vessel and filtering chamber with heavy filter media. Transfer chamber located in one row between flotation vessel and filtering chamber has inlet hole located below perforated tubular system, outlet hole with check valve and air escape valve located in chamber upper part. Upper part of filtering chamber has hole with check valve for discharge of washing water. Electric vacuum gage, starting devices of pump, compressor and electric drives of vale gates are connected with control unit. EFFECT: reduced expenses for construction and maintenance of plant, extended possibility of application, increased productivity and improved quality of purified water. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to water supply and is intended for the extraction of water from surface water sources and its reagent-free purification directly in these sources.

 Known intake and treatment devices with filtering water inlets, which provide clarification of water to a certain extent [1, 2]. In these devices, the color of water does not decrease, oil products, oils, other emulsifying substances and plankton are not removed. They also do not provide reliable fish protection.

 Closest to the invention in technical essence is an installation for collecting and purifying water from surface water sources, comprising a water receiver including a flotation tank with a perforated tubular system for air distribution and a filter chamber with loading and drainage system closed on top, a pump, a pressure tank, a jet apparatus, and gate valves [3].

 The disadvantages of this installation include the need for underground structures: an output chamber and a switching chamber, as well as a decrease in productivity due to the fact that part of the purified water is continuously returned to the flotation zone. In addition, due to the location of the flotation zone above the filter chamber and the limitation of the speed of water movement in the gap between the filter intake body and the open top box, this installation has large overall dimensions, including height. This limits the possibilities of its use, for example, in shallow sources. The disadvantage of the installation is that the filtering process in it is carried out from the bottom up through a floating load, and the washing process from top to bottom. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of the purified water, since high-quality washing is not guaranteed without removal of the filter charge from the filter chamber. When filtering from the bottom up, air bubbles remaining in the water after flotation can also enter the filter chamber. These bubbles, penetrating the filter load and gradually accumulating in the filter space, worsen the processes of filtering and washing the filter load, which in turn also leads to a deterioration in the quality of purified water. The installation lacks an automatic control system, which leads to an increase in operating costs.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce construction and operating costs, expanding the possibilities of use, increasing productivity and improving the quality of purified water.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the installation for collecting and purifying water from surface sources containing a water receiver including a flotation tank with a perforated tubular system for air distribution and a filter chamber with loading and drainage system closed on top, a pump, a pressure tank, an inkjet apparatus and valves, contains also a compressor with an air pipe, a transition chamber, an electric vacuum gauge and a control unit, valves are electric, and the air pipe on which the jet device loaded into the water of the source is connected to a pressure tank located at the bottom of the water lift and is also connected by an additional pipe to the suction pipe of the pump connected to a drainage system and equipped with an electric vacuum gauge; the pressure tank is connected to a perforated tubular system and has an opening with a check valve in the partition between this tank and the filter chamber with a heavy filter load, a transition chamber located in the same row between the flotation tank and The filtering chamber has an inlet located below the perforated tubular system, an outlet with a non-return valve and an air plunger located in its upper part, in the upper part of the filter chamber there is an opening with a non-return valve for discharging washing water, and an electric vacuum gauge, pump starting devices , compressor and electric valves are connected to the control unit.

 The inclusion in the installation diagram of the compressor with an air pipe connected to the pressure tank, which is located in the lower part of the water intake, connected to the perforated tubular system of the flotation tank and to the subfilter volume of the filter chamber through an opening with a check valve, creates the conditions for alternately providing flotation treatment modes for water and water-air washing heavy filter load. This helps to increase the productivity of the installation (for purified water), as it reduces the flow of water spent on flushing [4]. In addition, there is no need for an additional capacity for storing wash water (in the prototype, this role is played by the inlet chamber), which reduces construction and operating costs.

 The presence in the design of the water intake of the transition chamber located in the same row between the flotation tank and the flotation chamber, as well as the location of the inlet below the perforated tubular system and the outlet in the upper part of the chamber, can significantly reduce the height of the water receiver and the volume of the flotation tank by increasing the speed of movement of water in this capacity. This expands the possibilities of using the installation, for example, for shallow sources. In addition, this arrangement of the flotation tank, the transition and filter chambers allows you to provide the most effective filtering process through a heavy load in the direction from top to bottom and the washing process of this load in the direction from bottom to top. This, in turn, ensures the removal of air bubbles remaining in the water after flotation, which also helps to improve the filtering process and, therefore, to improve the quality of purified water.

 The location on the air pipe of the jet apparatus immersed in the water source, the presence in the upper part of the filter chamber of the hole with a check valve and a check valve in the outlet, as well as the connection of the air pipe with an additional pipe to the suction pipe of the pump connected to the drainage system, allows for water-air flushing filter load, while reducing the flow of purified water. It also helps to increase installation performance. In addition, there is no need to install underground structures: a water intake chamber and a switching chamber.

 The installation on the suction pipe of an electric vacuum gauge, the output of which is connected to the input of the control unit, whose outputs are connected to the starting devices of the pump and compressor and the electric actuators of the valves on the suction, pressure, air and additional pipes, allows for automatic control of the installation, which also reduces operating costs .

 The drawing shows a diagram of the installation for the intake and purification of water.

УВ. Корпус 1 разделен внутренними перегородками 2 и 3 на отдельные емкости 4, 5 и 6. Емкость 4 представляет собой зону флотации, в нижней части которой располагается перфорированная трубчатая система 7. Через эту систему во флотационную емкость 4 подается водо-воздушная смесь из напорной емкости 8. В одном ряду с емкостью 4 располагаются емкости 5 и 6. Емкость 5 представляет собой переходную камеру, имеющую входное отверстие 9, расположенное ниже перфорированной трубчатой системы 7, и отверстие с обратным клапаном 10. Кроме того, в верхней части переходной камеры 5 расположен воздушный вантуз 11.The installation (see drawing) contains a housing 1, which is installed on the bottom of the water source on the stove or, if necessary, is buried in the bottom. The top of the unit should be located below the minimum water level in the water source.

HC The housing 1 is divided by internal partitions 2 and 3 into separate tanks 4, 5 and 6. The tank 4 is a flotation zone, in the lower part of which there is a perforated tubular system 7. Through this system, a water-air mixture is supplied from the pressure tank 8 On the same row with capacity 4 are containers 5 and 6. Capacity 5 is a transition chamber having an inlet 9 located below the perforated tubular system 7, and an opening with a check valve 10. In addition, in the upper part of the transition Oh chamber 5 is an air plunger 11.

 Capacity 6 is a filter chamber in which the filter layer 12 of a heavy granular load, for example of silica sand, is located. Under the filter layer 12 there is a drainage system 13 in the upper part of the filter space 14. The pressure tank 8 located in the lower part of the housing 1 also has an outlet with a check valve 15 in the filter space 14. A wash space is provided above the filter layer, the height of which is not recommended less than 25% of the thickness of the filter layer [6].

 The installation also includes a water intake pump 16, a compressor 17, and an automatic control unit 18. The suction pipe 19 is connected to the suction pipe of the pump 16 and is equipped with a valve with an electric actuator 20 and an electric vacuum gauge 21 [7]. This pipe is also connected to the drainage system 13. A pressure pipe 22 is connected to the discharge pipe of the pump 16, equipped with a valve with an electric actuator 23. An air pipe 24, also equipped with a valve with an electric drive, is connected to the outlet pipe of the compressor 17. On the other hand, this pipe is connected to the pressure tank 8. On the underwater part of the pipe 24 there is an inkjet apparatus (injector) 25 [8] for sucking water from the water source. The pipes 24 and 19 are connected by an additional pipe 26, equipped with a valve with an electric actuator 27. The output of the electric vacuum gauge 21 is connected by a conductor to the input of the control unit 18. The outputs of the control unit 18 are connected by conductors to the inputs of the starting devices of the pump 16, compressor 17 and actuators of the valves 20, 23, 27 and a valve 2 8 mounted on the air pipe 24. In addition, in the upper part of the filter chamber 6 is a check valve 29, designed to discharge the wash water.

 Installation works as follows.

 In the water treatment mode, the valve 27 is closed and the valves 20, 23 and 28 are open. The compressor provides a pressure in the pressure vessel 8 of at least 0.6 MPa [4, p. 103]. At this pressure, the non-return valve 15 is closed, and flotation water purification takes place in flotation tank 4 as follows: when air moves through the air pipe 24, the jet apparatus 25 carries out the suction (injection) of water from the source. Thus, a water-air mixture enters the pressure vessel 8, which enters the flotation vessel 4 through the perforated tubular system 7. Due to the pressure difference in the vessel 8 and in the water source, intensive release of air bubbles occurs. When the pump 16 is operating, the check valve 10 is open and the check valve 29 is closed. Water moving in the flotation tank 4 from top to bottom flows through the inlet 9 into the transition chamber 5, where it rises up. In this case, air bubbles remaining in the water accumulate in the upper part of the transition chamber and are removed through the air plunger 11. Water through the outlet 10 enters the upper part of the filter chamber 6 (washing space), is filtered from top to bottom through a layer of filter load 12, and is collected by the drainage system 13 , then through the suction pipe 19 enters the pump 16 and through the pressure pipe 22 is fed into the water supply system. Thus, directly in the water source, a two-stage purification of water by flotation and filtering methods is provided. During this cleaning, the layer of the filter load 12 is gradually contaminated, which leads to a decrease in pressure in the suction pipe 19. The value of this pressure is controlled by an electric vacuum gauge 21 and transmitted as an electric signal to the automatic control unit 18. When the pressure decreases to a certain minimum value Pmin, at the command of the control unit 18, the installation switches to the washing mode of the filter load. In this case, the pump 16 is turned off first and the shutters 20 and 23 are closed at the same time, then the shutter 28 is closed (fully or partially, depending on the adopted flushing mode), the shutter 27 is opened and the pressure of the compressor 18 is reduced to a certain value P1, which corresponds to the requirements of the flushing mode. This leads to the opening of the valve 15, and air begins to flow through the pipe 19 through the drainage system 13 into the subfilter space 14.

 In the filter chamber 6, the pressure increases due to the pressure of the compressor and the effect of residual pressure from the pressure vessel 8. This ensures that the check valve 29 is opened and the check valve 10 is closed. In this way, a water-air washing of the filter load is provided in the upward direction. Rinsing water, air bubbles and particles of contaminants are discharged into the water source. The water-air mixture for washing in the initial period is formed due to the available volumes of water in the subfilter space 14 and in the pressure tank 8, and then by the flow of water into the subfilter space from the source through the flotation tank 4, the perforated tubular system 7, the pressure tank 8 and the hole 15.

 After washing for a certain time T at the signal of the control unit 18, the unit is switched to the water treatment mode. To do this, first, the valve 27 closes, then the valve 28 opens and the pressure on the compressor 17 changes from P1 to P2, which determines the mode of water purification. This ensures that the valve 15 is closed, after which the flotation process begins in the tank 4. Then the pump 16 is turned on and the valves 20 and 23 open. This leads to the closing of the check valve 29 and the opening of the check valve 10.

Compared with the prototype, the installation according to the invention has the following advantages:
1. The overall dimensions are reduced and, as a result, the possibilities of use are expanded, including in shallow sources.

 2. The device of underground structures is not required: an input chamber and a switching chamber.

 3. Reduced construction and operating costs.

 4. The quality of purified water is improved.

 5. Increases productivity.

 The invention can be used for technical and drinking water supply. Installations can be factory-made and can also be used for temporary water supply, field and military water supply.

Literature
1. Chudnovsky S.M., Stepanov A.I., Mezeneva E.A. Water intake facilities from surface sources. Tutorial. - L .: SZPI, 1989, pp. 23-40.

 2. SU, copyright certificate 1528873, cl. E 03 B 3/32, 1989.

 3. RU, patent for invention 2095524, cl. E 03 B 3/32, 1987.

 4. Handbook for the treatment of natural and wastewater / L.L. Paal et al. - M.: Higher School, 1994, p.113.

 5. Loginov V.P., Shusser L.M. A quick reference to agricultural water supply. - M .: Kolos, 1974, p. 263, Fig. 4.1.

 6. SNiP 2.04.02 - 84. Water supply. External networks and facilities. / Gosstroy of the USSR. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1985, p. 35, tab. 23.

 7. Vitaliev V.I., Filinov B.C. Devices and means of automation of heat supply systems of buildings: Reference manual. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1987, p. 48-55.

 8. Sokolov E.Ya., Singer N.M. Inkjet apparatus. - M.: Energy, 1970, p. 189, Fig. 6.2.

Claims (1)

 Installation for collecting and purifying water from surface water sources, containing a water receiver including a flotation tank with a perforated tubular system for air distribution and a filter chamber with a loading and a drainage system closed on top, a pump, a pressure tank, an inkjet apparatus and valves, characterized in that it contains a compressor with an air pipe, a transition chamber, an electric vacuum gauge and a control unit, valves are electric, and the air pipe on which is immersed in An ode to the source is a jet device connected to a pressure tank located at the bottom of the water lift, and also connected by an additional pipe to the suction pipe of the pump, connected to a drainage system and equipped with an electric vacuum gauge, the pressure tank is connected to a perforated tubular system and has an opening with a check valve in the partition between this tank and the filter chamber with a heavy filter load, a transition chamber located in the same row between the flotation tank and the filter the chamber has an inlet located below the perforated tubular system, an outlet with a non-return valve and an air plunger located in its upper part, in the upper part of the filter chamber there is an opening with a non-return valve for discharging washing water, and an electric vacuum gauge, pump starting devices, compressor and electric gate valves are connected to the control unit.