RU2189506C2 - Method of manufacture and jointing of structural members made of metal sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: means for joining of structural members; applicable in manufacture and mounting of air ducts and pipelines. SUBSTANCE: method consists in that edges of billet or billets from sheet or strip are flanged, combined together and cut into parts up to half their height. Length of each part equals at least half their combined edges, said parts are flanged to opposite side along line connecting bases of cuts, selectively leaving unflanged at least every other part. Unflanged parts are combined with unflanged parts of other structural member for joining, and combined parts are flanged. Edges are flanged through the same height. Installed between edges are seals to ensure airtightness. Sheet or strip is flanged to combine flanged edges. Insert from sheet metal is installed into cavity of structural member and clamped between edges. Hole is made in at least one wall of structural member. EFFECT: reduced time for manufacture of structural members and simplified process of manufacture. 4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention can be applied in industry in the manufacture and installation of ventilation ducts, in the manufacture and installation of pipelines used as pneumatic conveying for transporting bulk materials, in the manufacture of cabinets, racks, containers for tools and solid industrial waste, in construction in the manufacture of racks, beams and other structural elements that can be used in the installation of canopies, ceilings, pavilions, stalls, greenhouses, garages, storage and other premises. An advantageous field of application of the invention is the manufacture and connection of structural elements from sheet metals during the installation of building structures.

State of the art
In industry, air ducts of circular and rectangular cross-section are used, for the manufacture of which thin-sheet steel, roofing steel, galvanized steel roofing sheet, steel sheet steel, steel tape, metal sheets, sheets of aluminum and other sheet metals and alloys with a thickness of 0.4 up to 2 mm and up to 3.9 mm ("Handbook of a young worker on the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems", Moscow. "Higher school", 1989, pp. 11-20; "Design and manufacture of ventilation systems", Moscow, Higher School, 1987, pp. 64-65). Depending on the thickness of the metal sheets from which the parts (elements) are made, air ducts are assembled on seam or welded joints. Folded joint - the simplest combination of thin sheet steel and sheets of non-ferrous metals and alloys.

 A fold or lock refers to the bent edges of two sheets connected together. Design seams are single, double, one and a half combined) and corner. By location, they are divided into longitudinal, located along the duct, and transverse, perpendicular to the axis of the duct or located at an angle to it. In addition, they can be upright and downright. Standing seams add extra rigidity to the joint. In construction, folded joints are used when performing roofing works from roofing sheet steel ("Handbook of a young worker in the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems", Moscow. "Higher School", 1989, pp. 129-130; "Design and manufacture of ventilation systems", Moscow, Higher School, 1987, pp. 80-81; Roofing, Moscow, Higher School, 1991, pp. 168-170).

 To make a seam connection, a seam is made at the edge of the sheet. When working manually, tools and devices are used: mallet, solid wood hammers, roofing hammers, rebate mandrels, jambs, sketches, steel bars, supports, channels, pipes, corners and rails mounted on a workbench. In industry, special machines and mechanisms are widely used: edging, folding machines, folding machines and mechanisms, machines and mechanisms for rolling (rolling) sheet steel to give the sheet a cylindrical or other curved shape, machines and mechanisms for producing blanks of folds and joints used in the manufacture of round and rectangular ducts, etc. ("Handbook of a young worker on the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems", Moscow, "Higher School". 1989, pp. 95-111, "Design and manufacture of ventilation systems", Moscow, "Higher School", 1987, pp. .80-101, pp. 184-188; "Roofing", Moscow, "Higher School". 1991, pp. 168-176).

 The method of joining blanks from sheets, strips using a standing fold, by analogy, is close to the claimed, but by the combination of essential features, the closest to the claimed method is the technical solution according to patent RU 2026123 C1, 1995, which consists in the fact that the edges of the blanks or blanks from the sheet or the strips are bent, aligned and cut to half of their height into parts, each of which is at least half the height of the aligned edges, and bend the parts in opposite directions along the line connecting the base I cut, with the formation of stiffeners, so this technical solution can serve as a prototype.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method of manufacturing and connecting structural elements from sheet metals is as follows. The edges of the workpiece or workpieces from a sheet or strip are bent to the same height on a workbench using a hammer and a mallet or on a bending mechanism, then the workpiece (workpieces) are bent until the bent edges are combined, then the combined edges are clamped with clamps or clamps and halfway up with a cutting tools (scissors, hacksaws for metal, a cutting wheel with an electric or pneumatic drive) are cut into parts, the length of each of which is at least half the height of the aligned edges, then the parts along the line, connecting the base of the cuts, they are bent in opposite directions with the formation of a stiffening rib, and the parts are bent selectively, leaving at least one part bent, which are bent after being combined with the bent parts of another structural element for connecting structural elements (Fig. 1).

 In particular cases, unbent parts are used for fastening metal sheets, decorative, upholstery and other materials from plywood, plastic, particleboard, fiberboard, etc. to a structural element (Figs. 1, 2).

 To give a rectangular or curved shape to the cross section of a structural element, a blank from a sheet or strip is rolled on a roller mechanism or stamped by connecting the bent edges of the blank to obtain a structural element with a rectangular or curved cross-sectional shape, which is used as a stand or beam.

 In particular cases, to increase rigidity, strength, an insert made of sheet metal, the length of which corresponds to the length of the structural element, is mounted in the cavity of a structural element with a rectangular cross-sectional shape (Fig. 1). The insert is mounted in the cavity of the structural element before the operation of connecting the bent edges. One of the longitudinal edges of the insert is cut into parts that (similarly to the parts of the bent edges of the structural element) are bent in opposite directions. The bent parts of the insert correspond to the width of the cavity of the structural element. The insert mounted in the cavity is clamped between the edges of the structural element, and after connecting the edges according to the proposed method, the insert acts as an amplifier of the stiffener. The width of the insert blank depends on the width and height of the cross section of the structural element.

 Using a replaceable set of rollers or dies, it is possible to obtain structural elements with various configurations and different cross-sectional sizes in height and width. Structural elements used as struts, beams can have cross-sectional dimensions in height and width mainly from 2 to 15 cm and in length from 1.5 to 5 m, while in special cases there is no need for unbent parts.

 For the manufacture of structural elements - racks, beams use workpieces of appropriate sizes from metal sheets or strips with a thickness of mainly from 1 to 2 mm The use of workpieces with a thickness of more than 2 mm requires the use of special tools and mechanisms. As blanks, pre-shaped sheets can be used, the profile of which is given by rolling or stamping on mechanisms.

 In particular cases, in order to facilitate structural elements that perform the functions of racks, beams, holes of a round, oval or figured shape are made in each wall or in at least one wall of the structural element by drilling or are cut out during stamping.

 When performing installation work, to connect structural elements to each other (racks, beams) located sequentially or at an angle to each other, use plates, corners or stamped products designed for these purposes, the connections are performed using bolts, screws or welds.

 Made of standard sheets manufactured by industry, according to the proposed method, pipes (of various diameters and profiles) can be used for installation of ventilation systems of industrial enterprises, as well as pneumatic conveying for transporting bulk materials (figure 3). To ensure the tightness of the connection in special cases, a seal is installed between the edges, using rubber, cardboard, dense fabrics and other materials for this purpose (figure 4).

 By combining the edges of two workpieces of the same size by the proposed method, a structural element (for example, a pipe) with two diametrically located stiffeners is obtained (Fig. 5).

 In special cases, by installing a partition of sheet metal, dense fabric or other material between the stiffeners, a pipe with a cavity divided into two parts is obtained, one of which can be used for an exhaust ventilation system, and the other for a forced ventilation system or for transporting various loose materials (Fig.6).

 Using two, three or more blanks from a sheet or strip, the edges of which are interconnected by the proposed method, get a structural element with two, three or more ribs (Fig.7).

 When connecting the end parts of structural elements with the same cross-sectional shape (for example, pipes) in series, the edges are bent to the same height along the ends of the parts to be connected, then the bent end edges are combined and then joined according to the proposed method, while the ends of the stiffeners at the ends of the connected parts are cut off combine on the planes of stiffeners.

 In special cases, the blanks of sheets connected by the proposed method (two, three or more) are used as a roof and for wall sheathing in various rooms (for example, awnings, warehouses, garages, stalls, pavilions, etc.) (Fig. 8) .

 Structural elements with a rectangular or curved cross-sectional shape can be used as window frames, as racks and pecks for greenhouses, as frames for false ceilings. In these cases, the non-curved parts of the stiffeners are used for fastening the facing materials of suspended ceilings, for fastening sheet glass, while avoiding damage to the glass, gaskets made of rubber, wood and other materials are used. To give an aesthetic appearance (when installing the room), a decorative patch made of rubber, plastic or other material is attached to the stiffener (for example, with glue).

 The technical result consists in the fact that the structural elements manufactured by the proposed method (racks, beams) used in the installation of room equipment are less metal-intensive in comparison with structural elements that perform the same functions and are made of rolled sections (corners, channels, I-beams). In addition, structural elements (for example, pipes, blanks from sheets) according to the proposed method can be interconnected without the use of welded, riveted, bolted joints, and also attach (fasten) sheet, upholstery and other materials to structural elements.

List of figures
FIG. 1 - connection of a structural element with another structural element and with a metal sheet;
Figure 2 - fastening to the structural element of the plywood sheet;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of a structural element (pipe) with one stiffener;
4 is a cross section of a pipe with a seal installed between the edges;
5 is a cross section of a pipe with two stiffeners;
FIG. 6 is a cross section of a pipe with a partition installed between the stiffeners;
7 is a structural element with three stiffeners;
FIG. 8 - connection of structural elements - blanks from metal sheets.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention
As indicated in the section "Prior art", for the manufacture of duct elements use workbenches, mechanisms (machines) for cutting, bending, flanging, rolling, for example: STD-9A mechanism for straight cutting of sheet steel, brass, aluminum and other materials with a thickness up to 5 mm; VMS-106 punching mechanism for straight and shaped cutting of sheet metal along the external and internal contours; STD-521 mechanism for rectangular sheet bending and other mechanisms ("Handbook of a young worker on the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems", Moscow, "Higher School", pp. 95-111, 1989); semiautomatic device STD-363 for the manufacture of circular ducts; semiautomatic device STD-361 for the manufacture of rectangular ducts and other mechanisms ("Design and manufacture of ventilation systems", Moscow, "Higher School", 1987, pp. 188-188).

 For joining sheets of steel, metalwork tools are also widely used: hammers, mallet, cutting and other tools, workbenches and devices - clamps, clamps (Roofing, Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1991, pp. 170-172) . The same or similar machines, mechanisms, devices and tools are used for the manufacture of structural elements, racks, beams, pipes. For the manufacture of structural elements with a rectangular or figured cross section of different overall dimensions, rolling machines with a replaceable set of rollers or stamping mechanisms with a replaceable set of dies are used. To connect structural elements, as well as to attach sheet, upholstery and other materials to them, use clamps, clamps, hammers, mallet and other tools.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of manufacturing and connecting structural elements from sheet metals, which consists in the fact that the edges of the workpiece or workpieces from a sheet or strip are folded, aligned and cut to half of its height into parts, each of which is at least half the height of the aligned edges, and bend the parts in opposite directions along the line connecting the base of the cuts, with the formation of the ribs, characterized in that the parts bend selectively, leaving unbent at least one part, which They bend after being combined with unbent parts of another structural element to connect the structural elements, while the edges are bent to the same height.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that between the edges of the set seal, providing tightness.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the sheet or strip is bent to align the bent edges, and in the cavity of the structural element is mounted and clamped between the edges of the sheet of metal sheet.  4. The method according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that holes are made in at least one wall of the structural element.

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