RU2188719C2 - Seed cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has sectioned drum mounted through resilient members and equipped with screening surface. Side surface of each drum section is formed by successively connected sieves made in the form of first equilateral trapezium, two similar scalene trapeziums, second equilateral trapezium of lesser height than first trapezium. Lower bases of said trapeziums are equal and smaller than upper bases, with upper bases of said trapeziums being also equal. Trapeziums are arranged to define squares at ends of sections, with square of each subsequent section being turned with respect to each square of previous section through angle of 180 deg. Each joined section has square sides of lower base equal to square sides of upper base of previous section, charging and discharge devices, and drive. Apparatus is used for cleaning seeds from contaminants under stationary conditions. EFFECT: increased efficiency, enhanced reliability in operation and improved quality of separation. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for cleaning seeds from litter in stationary conditions.

 Known seed cleaning machine (a.s. 2007226, class B 07 1/22, 1994), containing a conditionally cylindrical drum with screens installed around the perimeter in the form of perforated strips or equilateral triangles, as well as isosceles triangles.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient intensity of sifting and limited technological capabilities due to insufficient intensity of mixing.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for cleaning seeds (AS 1808417, class B 07 1/22, 1993), containing a conditionally cylindrical drum set by means of elastic elements with a screening surface, made in the form of sequentially connected spatially identical sections, each of which is formed by flat geometric figures and rotated relative to the previous one by 90 ^o with the formation on the surface of the drum of zigzag lines with a constant along the length of the drum step and constant p the size of the passage section of the drum.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient separation rate and limited technological capabilities due to insufficient mixing intensity, as well as the need to create a tilt of the drum for mixing the seeds from loading to unloading.

 The technical solution to the problem is to expand technological capabilities due to the formation of zigzag lines on the drum surface with increasing not only the step of these lines from loading to unloading, but also the size of the drum’s cross-sectional area.

The objective is achieved in that the lateral surface of each section of the multi-sectional drum is made by alternately connected sieves in the form of one equilateral trapezoid, two identical non-equilateral trapezoid, a second one, smaller in height than the first, equilateral trapezoid, the lower base of which is equal to each other at each trapezoid and smaller than the upper bases, also equal to each other for all four trapezoids, with the formation of square sections at the ends, while the square of each subsequent section is rotated relative to the square of the previous minutes at 180 ^o, wherein each attachment section has a square side of the lower base equal to the sides of a square of the upper base of the previous section.

 The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a structural design of the surface of a conditionally conical shape of the drum along the perimeter allows not only the axial movement of seeds in the drum with a horizontal axis of rotation of the drum, to simplify the drive and increase the operational life, but also to increase the separation rate by increasing miscibility due to the presence on the surface of the drum of zigzag lines with a variable step along the length of the drum, increasing with increasing cross-section from loading to unloading, which violates the stationary flow of seeds and increases the productivity of separation.

 In addition, the novelty is due to the fact that the elements from which the drum sections are assembled are different in area, size and configuration, therefore the mixing intensity increases, since these elements, working as shelves, capture portions of seeds of different volumes and direct them towards each other to a friend, thus violating the stationarity of the flow of seeds in the drum.

 The novelty is that the step of the zigzag lines increases from loading to unloading, which not only provides axial movement of seeds from loading to unloading, but also intensifies the spatial zigzag movement of seeds and an increase in unbalance.

 The novelty is also seen in the fact that the area and shape of the cross section of the drum along the length increases from loading to unloading, which intensifies the mixing process, since it violates the stationary motion of the seed flows, changing the amplitude of oscillations as the seeds move from loading to unloading.

 Figure 1 shows a device for cleaning seeds; in Fig.2 a section aa in Fig. 1; in FIG. 3 section BB in figure 1; figure 4 - one of the sections of the drum, axonometric projection; figure 5 - the first equilateral trapezoid; figure 6 is one of two identical non-equilateral trapezoid; in Fig.7 - the second equilateral trapezoid.

 The device for cleaning seeds contains a frame 1 on which the drive 2 is mounted, an unloading device 3, end cheeks 4 and 5, between which a zigzag-shaped drum 6 is rigidly fixed, a loading device 7, which is made in the form of a rigidly fixed in the shell 8, equipped with a cone 9 screw winding 10.

 The drum 6 is mounted from separate sections, which are shown in figure 4, is fixed rigidly between the cheeks 4 and 5, is equipped with a support ring 11, which rests on the support rollers 12 and 13. The cheek 4 is connected rigidly by four rods 14 to the disk 15 of the drive shaft 2. Cheek 4 and the disk 15 are mounted from each other at a distance of 0.45 diameter of the cheek. The support rollers 12 and 13 are mounted on the frame 1. Frame 1 is suspended on three rubber-cord pneumatic cylinders 16, 17, 18. Two pneumatic cylinders 16 and 17 are mounted under the loading device 7, and the third pneumatic cylinder 18 is mounted under the unloading device 3 and along the axis of symmetry of the frame 1. Pneumocylinders 16 and 17, 18 are mounted on the bed 19. On the bed 19, under the screening surface of the drum 6, a receiving tray 20 for fine litter is installed, the cell size of which is smaller than the minimum seed size, a receiving tray 21 for seeds and a receiving tray 22 for large litter.

Thus, in the device for cleaning seeds there are three zones:
- zone L1 for separating fine litter;
- zone L2 for the withdrawal of purified seeds;
- zone L3 for the withdrawal of large litter.

 The device is equipped with a casing (not shown).

 The sections of the drum 6 (Fig. 4) are mounted from screens in the form of equilateral trapezoid 23 (Fig. 5), two identical non-equilateral trapezoid 24 (Fig. 6) and one equilateral trapezoid 25 (Fig. 7), the lower bases of which are equal to each other each of the trapeziums and smaller upper bases, also equal to each other in all four trapezoids, with the formation of square holes.

Sections 6 are connected into the drum with free sides, while the square of each subsequent section is rotated relative to the square of the previous section by an angle of 180 ^o .

 In this way, a zigzag drum is created in which the axis of each section is alternately at an angle to the conveyance line, i.e. to the axis of rotation with increasing bore of the drum from loading to unloading.

 The device operates as follows.

 Seeds with debris enter the loading device 7, from which they are fed to the inlet of the screening surface of the drum 6 using screw winding 10.

 When the drum rotates, the seeds make a complex spatial zigzag movement with the imposition of oscillations in three mutually perpendicular directions, excited due to the geometry of the drum with an asymmetric movement of the loading mass and the occurrence of unbalance. As a result, the stationary motion of the seed loading movement by the geometric shape of the section, their relative position relative to each other and to the axis of rotation, is not only violated, but the oscillation amplitude also increases due to an increase in the drum’s passage section and the step of the zigzag drum lines from loading to unloading along the length of the drum.

 The increase in the bore along the length of the drum provides the movement of seeds from loading to unloading.

 In zone L1, small litter is separated from seeds, in zone L2, seeds are removed outside the screening surface of the drum 6 into the receiving tray 21. Large litter is discharged through the unloading device L3 into the receiving tray 22.

 The technical and economic advantage of the invention arises from an increase in mixing intensity, as well as an increase in technological capabilities due to the conditionally conical shape of the zigzag drum.

Claims (1)

A seed cleaning device comprising a sectional drum with a screening surface mounted by means of elastic elements, loading, unloading devices and a drive, characterized in that the side surface of each drum section is made by alternately connected screens in the form of one equilateral trapezoid, two identical non-equilateral trapezoid, the second equilateral trapezoid smaller in height than the first, the lower bases of which are equal to each other at each of the trapeziums and smaller than the upper bases, also equal with each other at all four trapezoids, with the formation of square sections at the ends, while the square of each subsequent section is rotated 180 ^° relative to the square of the previous section, with each attached section having sides of the lower base square equal to the sides of the square of the upper base of the previous section.

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