RU2188042C1 - Device for adjusting breathing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has exhaling tube, chamber connected to mask by means of breathing tube and communicating to ambient medium by means of two openings. Valve is available in one of the openings for enabling one to make easy inhaling in the cases when the exhaling tube is constricted for causing strained prolonged exhale. Air duct tube is mounted in the second opening (being the exhaling tube). It is movable to enable its internal opening in the chamber to approach the breathing tube or to move it away from it controlling in this way oxygen concentration in air mixture. The breathing tube has segment coupling augmenting the breathing tube volume. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in controlling oxygen concentration in air mixture. 3 dwg

Description

 The device forms an inhaled air mixture with moderate hypoxia and hypercapnia by mixing atmospheric air with exhaled air in a chamber, which communicates with a connecting tube with a mask, and two openings with the external environment. In one of these holes is a valve. An air tube (also called an exhalation tube) is placed in another hole, which is made movable, which allows you to adjust the oxygen concentration in the air mixture. The regulator of the lumen of the exhalation tube allows for a tense, prolonged exhalation.

 The invention relates to the field of health, in particular to devices that create a hypoxyhypernic air environment. The use of such an air environment for breathing changes the metabolism in the body. Natural stimulants - endorphins, which are especially effective in various depression, are produced more intensively. The biochemical substances responsible for immunity are actively synthesized. Biochemical substances are less exposed to excessive oxidative effects of the so-called free radicals. The aging of biological cells slows down.

 A device is known - an individual respiratory simulator according to patent RU 2118542 C1 (Mishustin Yu.N.) 09/10/98; Intended for therapeutic effects on the respiratory system and for training the respiratory muscles. The simulator comprises an external vessel with openings for communication with the atmosphere and for a breathing tube connected to an internal chamber having openings in the lower part and placed in a middle vessel made with an opening at the top for communication with the environment of the external vessel. The simulator also contains means for separating the fraction of the used volume of the external vessel and means for changing the size of the passage area of the openings in the lower part of the inner chamber.

 Another device is the Frolov breathing simulator, RU 2129885 C1 (V. Frolov) 05/10/99; It is intended for use when training breathing in the mode of moderate hypoxia with resistance to inhalation and exhalation. The breathing simulator contains an external chamber with an opening for the passage of air and a breathing tube. The tube is installed coaxially in the outer chamber and has an upper tapered end connected to the breathing tube; open radial channels are made in the bottom of the outer chamber, and the lower end of the tube, together with the open radial channels, forms openings for the passage of air into the tube.

 The author of the therapeutic corrector of respiration considers the described devices to be excessively complicated, believes that the goals can be achieved by simpler means.

 In the future, the Frolov breathing simulator will be considered as a prototype.

 When creating resistance to exhalation, this inspector also creates resistance when exhaling. The author is convinced that a tense breath is not physiologically justified. He's not needed. This problem is solved by the valve used in the medical corrector of respiration (LCD). Here he plays a very important role.

 Another advantage of LCDs that distinguishes it from previous devices is the ability to very conveniently control the oxygen content in the air mixture.

 Therapeutic corrector of breathing consists of the following components (figure 1).

 1 - LCD camera. It can have a various form depending on the tasks facing the doctor: on the technological capabilities of the manufacturer, and finally, the shape due to the convenience of attaching the device to the patient’s belt.

 2 - Inhalation valve. Opens upon inhalation. Closes on exhalation. This allows you to keep the breath free, light, even if the airway tube (also known as the exhalation tube) narrows for therapeutic purposes.

 3 - Air duct (exhalation tube). Made movable. If you bring its inner hole (in the chamber) closer to the breathing tube, then the oxygen content in the inhalation air mixture will be only slightly reduced. If you remove its inner hole from the breathing tube, a more significant decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air mixture will occur.

 4 - Regulator of the lumen of the exhalation tube. It can narrow the exhalation tube, thereby creating an obstacle to free exhalation. Exhalation becomes tense, prolonged.

 5 - The breathing tube. Connects the LCD camera with a mask that fits snugly to the face and covers the nose and mouth.

 Therapeutic corrector of respiration "works" as follows.

 When you exhale, an air environment with a low oxygen content appears in the chamber and in the breathing tube. Consider the option when the inner hole of the air tube is close to the breathing tube.

 In this case, after the next inhalation, the atmospheric air (with a high oxygen content) enters the breathing tube, only slightly mixing with the air of the chamber. Therefore, a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the inhaled air mixture will be negligible.

 If you remove the inner hole of the air tube from the breathing tube, then the incoming atmospheric air will be mixed to a greater extent in the oxygen-depleted air of the chamber, which will entail a greater decrease in the oxygen content in the inhaled air mixture.

 Thus, during weeks of training, the oxygen content in the air mixture can be gradually reduced by lengthening the distance between the breathing tube and the inner hole of the air tube.

 To create a prolonged, intense exhalation, the lumen regulator of the exhalation tube is used (it is also an air tube). When narrowing this tube, inhalation is not difficult, since the decrease in the flow of atmospheric air through the air duct is compensated by the flow of air through the valve that opens at the same time. When exhaling, the valve closes, and exhaled air is removed into the atmosphere exclusively through the exhalation tube (which is narrowed by the regulator of its clearance).

 It should be noted that, depending on the tasks facing the doctor, the valve may be located at different distances from the breathing tube.

 In the present invention, another embodiment of the regulation of the oxygen content in the inhalation mixture is applied.

 The peculiarities of the movement of the air mixture in the apparatus are such that in the mask and in the breathing tube, a zone of relative non-mixing of the incoming air from the lungs with the atmospheric air is created. With a relatively small volume of the respiratory tube compared with the volume of inspiration, its role in reducing the oxygen concentration in the inhaled mixture will be insignificant. If you increase the volume of the breathing tube, then this zone will increase, which will lead to a greater drop in oxygen.

 To this end, the author applied the so-called coupling-segment (7) of the breathing tube (see figure 2). This structural component can also serve as a container for aromatic substances and other drugs.

 Figure 2 shows a variant of the therapeutic corrector of respiration with a camera in the form of a flattened streamlined shape of a flask attached to a waist belt.

 Corrugated breathing tube creates additional convenience when using the device.

 In order to increase the volume of the respiratory tube, it can be lengthened (in various LCD models). At the same time, its extending segment is best placed directly in the chamber of the medical corrector of respiration (see figure 3). In the same figure 3 shows other possible options for therapeutic corrector of respiration. These models have varying degrees of decrease in oxygen concentration and different achievable ranges for this decrease. Depending on these factors, they can be used for disease prevention, recovery, treatment of patients, and can also be used in training athletes.

 By combining the described methods for controlling the concentration of oxygen in an air mixture, a very precise control of the composition of the inhalation mixture can be achieved. And the use of one or another model of the apparatus and various respiration parameters will depend on the tasks facing the doctor, on the patient’s fitness.

 It should be added that the use of the coupling segment as a container for drugs and aromatic substances significantly expands the field of application of the therapeutic corrector of respiration.

 LCD can also be used when training athletes. It can improve metabolism in such a way that endurance increases with prolonged physical stress in competitions. In this case, a gradual, consistent decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the inhalation mixture over a long period of time is important. If, for a shorter period of time, a rather sharp decrease in the oxygen concentration occurs, then active stimulation of erythropoiesis will occur. This can be used before the competition, bearing in mind the fact that an athlete with a high content of red blood cells and hemoglobin has an advantage over his rivals (ceteris paribus).

 The device can also be an important aid in the training of climbers.

 In the event that an obstacle is created for free exhalation by the tube clearance regulator, the exhalation will become tense, prolonged. Moreover, the degree of this voltage can be continuously adjusted. And if there is a local atelectasis of the lungs, and individual sections of the lungs do not participate in breathing due to illness, then with this kind of breathing they straighten out. Blood circulation in the small vessels of the entire chest cavity improves. This contributes to a quick cure for many lung diseases.

 Using this option of work of the medical corrector of respiration in patients who are forced to stay in a hospital bed for a long time with limited mobility (after operations, injuries, strokes), the threat of developing congestive pneumonia can be prevented.

Sources of information
1. RU 2118542 C1 (Mishustin Yu.N.) 10.09.98, A 61 M 16/00.

 2. RU 2129885 C1 (Frolov V.F.) 05/10/99, A 61 M 16/00.

Claims (1)

 A therapeutic respiratory corrector comprising a chamber that is in communication with a mask through a breathing tube, characterized in that the chamber is connected to the external environment through two holes, one of which has an inspiration valve, and an exhalation tube equipped with a regulator of its clearance is placed in the second hole having the ability to move in such a way that it changes the distance between its inner hole (in the chamber) and the breathing tube, which is equipped with a removable sleeve-segment that can increase the volume of this tube.

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