RU81073U1 - DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZATION OF GAS EXCHANGE IN RESPIRATION BY HYPOXIC AIR - Google Patents

Abstract

The optimization of gas exchange during breathing with hypoxic air generated by a hypoxicator, which consists in maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air at a physiological level, is carried out by returning breathing through additional dead space built into the respiratory circuit of the hypoxicator between the mask and valve tee.

The optimal amount of additional dead space in the range of 75, 100, 125 or 150 ml is determined by the amount of pulmonary ventilation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the last portion of exhaled alveolar air. The necessary amount of additional dead space is established by changing the cylinder of the capacity of the additional dead space with its covers unchanged.

Normalizing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air ensures the normal transition of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin to the tissue, which improves the tolerance of hypoxia and allows its potential therapeutic or training effect to be achieved.

Description

The present invention relates to methods and devices for creating a hypoxic-hypercapnic composition of inhaled air by returning breathing through additional dead space for the purpose of treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and training various contingents of healthy people. A large number of such devices are known (Zakoshchikov K.F., Katin S.O., 2005). One of such devices is the breathing simulator TDI-01 (Frolov Trainer). Such devices are used autonomously under normoxic conditions and have limited ability to create therapeutic quantities of hypoxia and hypercapnia.

A distinctive feature of the present invention is the use for a new purpose of additional respiratory dead space in the respiratory circuit of generator type hypoxicators Everest-1, Bio-Nova, etc. The capacity of additional dead space cuts into the respiratory circuit of the hypoxicator between the mask and the valve tee connected to breathing bag. The optimization of gas exchange during breathing by the hypoxicator generated by hypoxic air is carried out by return breathing through the capacity of the additional dead space. In this case, the inhaled hypoxic air is enriched with carbon dioxide of the last portion of the exhaled alveolar air. Thus, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air is maintained at a close physiological level, the normal transfer of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin to the tissue is ensured, the likelihood of developing compensatory hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis due to excessive leaching of carbon dioxide from the body is reduced. Thus, physiological conditions for a reaction to hypoxia are created, allowing to achieve a potential therapeutic effect.

The invention of generator type hypoxicators, with which inhaled air can be depleted of oxygen up to 9%, is a significant achievement in the use of hypoxia for the treatment and prevention of many diseases, for the healing and training of various people. Given the known advantages and possibilities of pure hypoxia created by the hypoxicator, its disadvantage is the effect on oxygen on one link of the interconnected mechanism “oxygen - carbon dioxide”. While concomitant changes in the exchange of carbon dioxide can become unfavorable, since when breathing in hypoxic air often develops

compensatory hyperventilation with excessive leaching of carbon dioxide from the body. Due to hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis, vasoconstriction can occur with a decrease in coronary and cerebral blood flow, and due to a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, oxygen is given to the tissues worse, many metabolic links are not reached, the expected potential therapeutic, healing and training effect of hypoxia is not achieved. To overcome this adverse situation, reduce hyperventilation, the proposed method and device are intended.

The respiratory circuit block of the hypoxicator (Figure 1, Figure 2), with which hypoxic air is breathed and the last portion of exhaled air is breathed out of the additional dead space, consists of the following interconnected parts: mask 1, the capacity of the additional dead space 2, valve tee 3, a breathing bag 4, a tube 5 supplying hypoxic air from the hypoxicator to the breathing bag, worn sequentially on the exhalation tube of the valve tee 3, volumetric sensors 6 and cap Nograph 7, volumemeter 8.

Actually the device for additional dead space (Figure 3) is a hollow cylinder 9, closed on both sides with caps with fittings for connecting with the mask on one side 10 and with the valve tee 11 on the other. Changing the volume of additional dead space is carried out by changing the cylinder with an internal diameter of 5 cm and a length of 3.5, 4.7, 5.9 and 7.0 cm, which corresponds to a volume of 75, 100, 125 and 150 ml.

The breathing mechanism through the respiratory tract block hypoxicator is as follows. Set the initial volume of additional dead space of 75 ml. With hypoxic air from a hypoxicator fill a respiratory bag. Inhalation is produced from the breathing bag through the valve tee, additional, dead space and mask, and exhalation through the mask, additional, dead space, valve tee, volumetric sensors and capnograph. At the next inhalation, the last portion of exhaled air returns to the lungs. Thus, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inhaled hypoxic air increases. In the process of breathing with hypoxic air, the volume of pulmonary ventilation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air are measured. When hyperventilation occurs and a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration in exhaled air

increase the amount of additional dead space up to 150 ml. A session of therapy or training is carried out with the amount of additional dead space, ensuring the maintenance of carbon dioxide concentration and pulmonary ventilation at a close to physiological level.

In the absence of a volumemeter and a capnograph, the amount of additional dead space is selected according to visible pulmonary ventilation, oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, and subjective hypoxia tolerance.

The experience of using additional dead space in the respiratory tract of the Everest-1 hypoxicator, Klimby LLC, Russia, showed an improvement in the tolerance of hypoxia to both sick and healthy people. Maintaining a concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air at a close to physiological level ensures the normal transition of oxyhemoglobin oxygen to the tissue, which reduces the likelihood of developing compensatory hyperventilation and, accordingly, respiratory alkalosis. Thus, the use of additional dead space in the respiratory circuit of a generator type hypoxicator allows you to achieve the potential therapeutic or training effect of hypoxia.

Literature

1. Zakoshchikov K.F., Katin S.O. Hypoxitherapy - "Mountain air", M., 2005

2. Frolov V.F., Kustov E.F. Individual breathing simulator TDI-01 (Frolova simulator). Patent of Russia No. 1790417 dated 09/22/1992

Claims (1)

A device for optimizing gas exchange during breathing by hypoxicated air generated by hypoxic air, including a dead space container connected to a mask and sensors, characterized in that the container is a replaceable cylinder with a volume of 75, 100, 125 or 150 ml, closed with lids on both sides, while the container dead space is placed between the mask and the valve tee, which is connected to the breathing bag through a tube for supplying hypoxic air, and the sensors are a capnograph sensor and a will Etra.