RU218663U1 - DYNAMOMETRIC ARRIVAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of determining the parameters of the cutting process during turning and can be used in engineering production. The dynamometric mandrel contains a body with a cylindrical shank, holes for supplying a cutting fluid. Strain gauges equipped with autonomous power supplies and transceiver radio units with antennas are installed. The front part of the housing is equipped with a pyrometer equipped with an autonomous power source and a radio transceiver unit with an antenna. A tube for supplying compressed air is installed. Improved measurement accuracy is provided. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of determining the parameters of the cutting process during turning and can be used in engineering production, in higher educational institutions, research centers to determine the components of the cutting force during turning.

A mandrel is known (Patent US No. 2017252884, IPC: B23B29/04, B23Q17/09, H04B1/034, publ. 09/07/2017), consisting of a tool holder on which a cutting plate is mounted and a load cell connected by cables through special holes in a housing containing a sealing connection between the cover and the battery, a plate holder, a fixing bar, a printed circuit board on which the radio transmission and signal pre-processing units are installed.

The disadvantage of this design is the large number of components and the lack of rigid fixation, which reduces the reliability of the device during operation. Third-party vibrations that occur during the cutting process when the cutter contacts the surface to be machined are taken into account when measuring the cutting force, and since the sensor is located directly on the cutting part of the cutter, it is impossible to obtain reliable data. The obtained data on the nature of the cutting process are determined by only one parameter - the cutting force, as a result of which it is not possible to take into account all the factors that affect the process of processing the product. And also the presence of wires in the cutting zone significantly reduces the reliability of the device.

A device "Single-component dynamometer for measuring cutting forces when turning with cutters" is known (RF Patent No. 131157, IPC: G01L 5/16, publ. 10.08.2013), consisting of: sensors, a cruciform part of an elastic element, which is located inside a rectangular frame , on which a tool holder and a fixed plate are mounted for fixing to the machine.

The disadvantages of this device are its low reliability in comparison with a one-piece design and an increase in errors due to the use of component parts. The obtained data on the nature of the cutting process are determined by only one parameter - the cutting force, as a result of which it is not possible to take into account all the factors that affect the process of processing the product. Also, this device fixes the cutting forces during turning in only one plane, which excludes the possibility of determining the displacements of the technological system in the "X", "Y" planes in order to determine the deflection of the workpiece.

Known multi-component (or three-component) dynamometer, developed by a Swiss company, "Kistler Type 9129AA" (KISTLER. Official website. / Compact Multi-Component Dynamometer up to 10 kN. URL: https://www.kistler.com/en/product/ type-9129aa/, accessed June 24, 2022). The system consists of four load cells that are installed between the plate cover and two side support plates. The dynamometer is attached to even and clean surfaces with bolts or mounted on magnetic plates.

Disadvantages of the dynamometer described above are the predisposition to internal distortions, as well as to additional stress on individual measuring elements and increased crosstalk when mounted on uneven mounting surfaces. The obtained data on the nature of the cutting process are determined by only one parameter - the cutting force, as a result of which it is not possible to take into account all the factors that affect the process of processing the product.

The closest is the mandrel (Patent US No. 4899594, IPC: B23Q17/09, publ. 13.02.1990), consisting of a body with a cylindrical shank. Holes are made in the body for supplying cutting fluid (coolant) and conductors, for power supply and data transmission to strain gauges. The strain gauges are placed inside the mandrel body in the same plane.

The main disadvantage is that the data obtained on the nature of the cutting process are determined by only one parameter - the cutting force, as a result of which it is not possible to take into account all the factors that affect the process of processing the product.

EFFECT: improved measurement accuracy.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the dynamometric mandrel contains a body with a cylindrical shank, holes for supplying cutting fluid, strain gauges equipped with autonomous power sources and transceiver radio units with antennas, and the front part of the body is additionally equipped with a pyrometer equipped with an autonomous power source and transceiver radio unit with an antenna, and a tube for supplying compressed air.

The positions of the strain gauges are determined based on the maximum deformation that occurs under the action of the components of the cutting force, which makes it possible to achieve more correct operation of the strain gauges, which increases the accuracy of measuring the components of the cutting force. It also makes it possible to achieve the minimum temperature error, increase the accuracy of measuring the components of cutting forces, due to the possibility of all sensors operating simultaneously and under constant conditions, directly in the cutting process.

The use of a pyrometer allows you to record the change in temperature in the cutting zone. Since in the process of cutting, with an increase in the cutting force, the temperature in the zone of contact of the cutting tool with the machined surface increases, which leads to softening of the cut layer of the machined surface and, as a result, to a change in the conditions of chip formation and sticking of particles of the surface layer of the machined surface to the cutting edges of the tool. At the same time, the cutting ability and tool life are reduced, and therefore the quality of the machined surface is also deteriorating. Temperature control in the cutting zone, by means of a pyrometer, will allow you to control the change in the measured parameter throughout the entire technological process, and in combination with data on changes in cutting forces, it allows for more accurate control of the cutting process, which makes it possible to make timely adjustments to prevent increased tool wear and damage to the workpiece.

The location of the pyrometer on the front of the body (under the load cell of the radial cutting force) allows you to get the data of temperature changes in the cutting zone as close and safe as possible.

The addition of a compressed air tube to the front of the mandrel body prevents cutting fluid (coolant) and chips from entering the pyrometer lens, which contributes to more accurate measurement results.

Data on changes in the values of the components of cutting forces and temperature in the cutting zone are obtained throughout the entire technological cycle, which will allow you to control the processing process and make timely adjustments. Thus, it will allow to provide the specified characteristics of the machined surface and the specified period of tool life.

The use of strain gauges and a pyrometer equipped with autonomous power supplies and transceiver radio units with antennas ensures autonomous operation of the device: it eliminates the need to connect to external devices, which increases the safety of using a torque mandrel in an aggressive environment of the machine working area (there is no conductor connected to an external source supply in the cutting zone, eliminating the need for a person to be in close proximity to the device - the received data is automatically transmitted to the information collection units). In addition, due to the possibility of data transmission in automatic mode, it eliminates the human factor, which increases the accuracy of measurement.

In FIG. 1. - front view of the torque mandrel is presented.

In FIG. 2. - view of the torque mandrel on the left.

In FIG. 3. - view of the torque mandrel from below.

The torque mandrel comprises a housing 1 with a cylindrical shank 2, by means of which the torque mandrel is fixed in the turret of the machine.

In the housing 1 there are holes for supplying a cutting fluid (coolant) 3, sockets 4, with the possibility of placing a tangential cutting force load cell 5 in them, to measure the component of the cutting force directed along the Z axis, a load cell of the radial cutting force 6, for measurement of the component of the cutting force directed along the "Y" axis, the strain gauge of the axial cutting force 7, to measure the component of the cutting force directed along the "X" axis, the pyrometer 8.

The socket 4 of the load cell of the tangential cutting force 5 is made in the lower part of the body 1, in the area of the cutter installation (above the cutter holder). The socket 4 of the load cell of the radial cutting force 6 is made on the front part of the housing 1 (the exit side of the cutting part of the cutter), to the left of the installation site of the cutter. The socket 4 of the load cell of the axial cutting force 7 is made on the left end of the body 1 (closer to the front corner). Nest 4 pyrometer 8 is made on the front of the housing (under the load cell of the radial cutting force 6). Next to the pyrometer 8, parallel to its axis, there is a tube for supplying compressed air 9.

Each strain gauge and pyrometer 8 are equipped with autonomous power supplies 10 and transceiver radio units 11 with antennas 12.

The torque mandrel works as follows.

The pre-working tool is fixed in the body 1 of the mandrel by means of clamping plates fixed with screws. Nest 4 of each load cell is isolated from the aggressive working environment, for example, by a cover.

In the process of processing the workpiece, coolant is supplied to the cutting zone through the holes for supplying coolant 3, and three components of the cutting force act on the cutter. In turn, the load cell of the tangential cutting force 5, located in the zone of installation of the cutter, captures the change in the force acting on the cutter directed along the Z axis and, converting it into an electrical signal, transmits data to the transceiver radio unit 11. The transceiver radio unit 11 transmits the received signal to receiving device via antenna 12.

The load cell of the radial cutting force 6, located on the front of the body 1, captures the change in the current force directed along the "Y" axis and, converting it into an electrical signal, transmits data to the transceiver radio node 11. The transceiver radio node 11 transmits the received signal to the receiving device via antenna 12.

Axial cutting force load cell 7, located on the left end of the housing 1, captures the change in the current force directed along the "X" axis and, converting it into an electrical signal, transmits data to the receiving and transmitting radio unit 11. The receiving and transmitting radio unit 11 transmits the received signal to receiving device via antenna 12.

Pyrometer 8, located on the front of the body (under the load cell of the radial cutting force 6) records the temperature change in the zone of contact of the cutter with the material being processed. The flow of compressed air supplied through the compressed air tube 9 prevents coolant and chips from entering the pyrometer lens. The data from the pyrometer 8 is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the transceiver radio unit 11. The radio transceiver unit 11 transmits the received signal to the receiving device via antenna 12.

The signals received from all strain gauges and pyrometer 8 are collected on the receiving device, from which it is displayed, for example, on the screen.

Thanks to the power supply 10, the pyrometer 8, strain gauges and transceiver radio nodes 10 receive energy for the conversion and data transmission process.

Thus, the use of a dynamometric mandrel containing a body with a cylindrical shank, holes for supplying lubricating fluid, strain gauges and a pyrometer equipped with autonomous power sources and radio transceiver units with antennas, a pyrometer equipped with an autonomous power source and radio transceiver unit with an antenna, and a tube for compressed air supply, improves measurement accuracy.

Claims (1)

Torque mandrel containing a body with a cylindrical shank, holes for supplying a lubricant-coolant, strain gauges equipped with autonomous power supplies and transceiver radio units with antennas, characterized in that the front part of the body is additionally equipped with a pyrometer equipped with an autonomous power source and a transceiver radio unit with an antenna, and compressed air tube.

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