RU2185048C2 - Hydraulic feeder for discrete irrigation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: hydraulic feeder has accumulating vessel with siphon, supply branch pipe, irrigation pipes, casing with dry fertilizer accumulator, connecting and pipe fittings. Casing is equipped with dosage openings arranged in lower bottom section and with internal dry fertilizer accumulator made in the form of perforated sleeve, which is in fluid communication with sequentially accumulated and withdrawn volume of irrigation water. Hydraulic feeder may be used for applying together with irrigation water of mineral fertilizers, microelements, herbicides and pesticides. EFFECT: increased efficiency by low-intensity application and uniform distribution of chemicals with irrigation water. 1 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of agricultural mechanization and can be applicable for multi-purpose use of discrete irrigation systems: for the application of mineral fertilizers, trace elements, herbicides and other pesticides with irrigation water. The device may also be applicable in other areas of the rifled farm with similar tasks and the identical operating mode of the main equipment.

 Known hydrofeed to sprinkler machines, including a fertilizer tank, a throttling irrigation water flow diaphragm, inlet and outlet hoses with valves [1,2].

The disadvantage of this hydraulic feeder is the need for closed pressure pipelines, significant pressure losses at the connection points, the technological features of discrete irrigation and structural designs of systems for their implementation in a pressure-free version are not taken into account. In addition, with a service area of 20 ... 200 m ^{2, it is} practically impossible to carry out in 5. .. 8 days a low-intensity dosing of solutions of chemicals for the calculation of 100 ... 500 l / ha.

 Known hydraulic feeder for pulse sprinkler systems, containing a container for liquid fertilizers, a pressure pulse generator installed on the main pipeline, and a metering pump [3].

 A disadvantage of the known hydraulic feeder is that it does not solve the problem of reliable dispensing of mother liquors with very limited costs and in low-intensity mode, it requires high pressures for the functioning of the metering working body. In addition, there is a technically sophisticated special pressure pulse generator that determines the reliability and operability of the device, high demands are made on the physical properties of the mother liquors, the complexity of manufacturing the metering pump and its high material consumption relative to the irrigated area as applied to the discrete irrigation systems under consideration.

 Known hydrofeeder for sprinkler machines, including a fertilizer tank with internal walls, supplying a supply pipe from below to its internal cavity and a pipe for collecting solution from the cavity between the internal and external machines [4].

 However, the well-known hydraulic feeder does not take into account the technological features of discrete irrigation systems, is bulky in design and metal-intensive, requires autonomous water supply under pressure, does not solve the problems of reliable dosing of fertilizer components at a limited low flow rate and in low-intensity mode.

 Closest to the proposed invention, the technical essence relates to a device for irrigation selected as a prototype with its feeding station, containing distribution and irrigation pipelines with outlets, a storage tank and a mixer equipped with a neck, communicating with the storage tank through a siphon tube, one end of which is located at the bottom of the mixer, and the other is directed up and placed in the storage tank below the upper level of the tube-sensor of the liquid level, while in the neck measurable ballast [5].

 A disadvantage of the known device for applying fertilizers with irrigation water, as applied to systems of discrete water supply to the foci of humidification, is the possibility of use only with fertilizer solutions, the low reliability of the siphon tube as a dispenser, the low uniformity of distribution of nutrients over the irrigation area, the unpredictability of the tube siphon at high concentrations of mother liquors, lack of visibility and controllability of the removal of nutrients into irrigation water from the mixer.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to provide low-intensity application and uniform distribution of chemicals with irrigation water in the absence of external energy sources.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the body of the hydraulic feeder is equipped with metering holes located in the bottom bottom section, and is equipped with an internal storage of dry fertilizers in the form of a perforated cup, which is hydraulically connected to a successively accumulated and withdrawn volume of irrigation water.

 The proposed hydraulic feeder can be installed on non-pressure discrete irrigation systems and mainly on pulse-local irrigation systems. At the same time, preference is given to objects of protected soil, including greenhouses and home gardens. The use of a hydraulic feeder provides for the introduction of macro- and microelements, herbicides and other soil pesticides with irrigation water.

 The hydraulic feeder for discrete irrigation systems provides a housing equipped with metering holes in the lower section, and a dry fat accumulator in the form of a perforated glass. At the same time, through the metering holes, the perforated cup is hydraulically connected to the volume of irrigation water accumulated in the vessel and taken out of it alternately.

 Such a design of the device leads to the fact that during the accumulation of the volume of irrigation water in a regular storage vessel of the irrigation system, it enters the housing through the metering holes, and through contact glass perforations it makes contact with dry fertilizers. Upon contact of water with fertilizers, they partially dissolve and go into solution. After the siphon is triggered and water is taken from the tank, its level drops. At the same time, the level of the fertilizer solution also changes due to its outflow from the metering holes. At the same time, a decrease in the level occurs rather actively, which ensures the activation of the dissolution of fertilizers. A solution of fertilizers or other agrochemicals emerging from the metering holes is mixed with irrigation water. The resulting mixture in the form of a working solution through a siphon and, for example, perforated holes in irrigation pipelines is distributed over the irrigated area.

 The drawing shows a schematic structural diagram of the proposed hydraulic feed for discrete irrigation systems.

 The hydraulic feeder for discrete irrigation systems includes a housing 1, equipped with metering holes 2, and a drive of dry fertilizers, made in the form of a perforated glass. A perforated cup 3 is placed inside the housing 1 and through the openings 2 is hydraulically connected to the volume of water in the storage tank 4. Thus, inside the housing 1 and in the tank 4, according to the law of communicating vessels, corresponding levels of liquids are provided. The storage tank 4 by the inlet pipe 5 and a shut-off and control valve 6 is connected with the supply pipe 7, and the siphon 8 is connected with irrigation pipelines. In the process of regular operation of the irrigation system, the tank 4 is closed by a lid 9.

 Hydraulic feed for discrete irrigation systems works as follows.

 Perforated glass 3 is filled with dry mineral fertilizers based on the required dose for a specific stage of organogenesis of plant development or some part of it, taking into account the cultivated area. A refilled cup 3 is inserted into the body 1 of the hydraulic feeder and the tap 6 is opened. By manipulating the shut-off element of the tap 6, the calculated water flow from the pipe 7 through the pipe 6 enters the storage tank 4. As the water enters the tank 4 and the free volume is filled, it is dispensed through the metering holes 2 sent to the internal cavity of the housing 1 and through perforation of the glass 3 comes into contact with fertilizers. Upon contact of water with fertilizers, they partially dissolve and go into solution, that is, a fertilizer solution is formed. The progress of these technological operations stops as the accumulation of the working volume of irrigation water is completed, charging and operation of the siphon 8.

 After the operation of the siphon 8 and the subsequent withdrawal of water from the tank 4, its level drops. At the same time, the level of the fertilizer solution inside the housing 1 also changes due to its outflow from the metering holes 2. At the same time, the monitored solution level decreases quite actively, which additionally activates the dissolution of the initial fertilizers. The fertilizer solution flowing from the metering holes 2 is mixed with the accumulated water. The mixture in the form of an already working solution of agrochemicals through a siphon 8 and the pipelines connected with it enters the irrigated area. Direct irrigation is carried out by low-sprinkler sprinkling nozzles or special micro-outlets made in the walls of pipelines. During operation of the irrigation system, the container 4 is closed by a lid 9.

 When selecting the accumulated volume of irrigation water, the siphon 8 is discharged, that is, the direct watering cycle is terminated. The accumulation of the next working volume of water and a portion of the fertilizer solution for its enrichment resumes. In the future, the process continues in an automated mode. As the loaded fertilizers are used up, the cup is removed and refilled. These operations do not affect the regular operation of the irrigation system. To stop the operation of the hydraulic feeder, it is removed from the tank 4 and stored until the next use.

 The complete transfer of fertilizer nutrients to irrigation water is determined by calculation and the experience gained in operating the hydraulic feeder. It depends on the loaded mass of the tuks and their type, the dimensions of the device and the bore sections of the metering holes, the area of the perforated cup and the number of operating cycles of the irrigation system.

 The use of the proposed hydraulic feeder will allow you to combine the regime of low-intensity application and reliable dosing of solutions of chemicals in autonomous discrete irrigation systems. This is ensured by discrete preparation and dosing of the volume of mother liquors, eliminating the impact on the performance of irrigation systems without involving additional energy sources and simplicity of design.

Sources of information
1. Sandigursky D. M., Bezrodnov M.A. Mechanization of field work // M., "Kolos". -1975. - S. 108.

 2. Copyright certificate of the USSR 82032, cl. A 01 C 23/04.

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR 1199211, cl. A 01 C 23/04, 1985.

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR 17201, cl. A 01 C, 23/04, 1983.

 5. Copyright certificate of the USSR 2015661, cl. A 01 G 25/02, A 01 M 7/00, 1974.

Claims (1)

 A hydraulic feeder for discrete irrigation systems, containing a storage tank with a siphon, a supply pipe, irrigation pipes, a housing with a dry fertilizer storage, connecting and pipe fittings, characterized in that its housing is equipped with metering holes located in the bottom bottom section and is equipped with an internal storage dry fertilizer in the form of a perforated glass, which is hydraulically connected to the sequentially accumulated and selected volume of irrigation water.