RU2183652C2 - Coal production apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of coal, in particular charcoal. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has combustion chamber, gas duct for connecting pyrolysis vessel, activation vessel, chimney and steam boiler. The latter is detachably connected through steam pipeline to activation vessel. Activation vessel is located inside pyrolysis vessel. Steam boiler is connected to pyrolysis vessel and chimney through additional channel via shutter. Apparatus of such construction allows charcoal and activated carbon to be produced for single continuous cycle. EFFECT: simplified construction, reduced consumption of power and decreased consumption of labor. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of destructive distillation of materials, namely, devices for implementing this process in horizontal containers, and can be used for the production of coal, mainly from wood.

 A known installation for the production of coal, including a horizontal insulated casing with a removable multi-layer overlap and means for supplying and discharging coolant (see ed. St. USSR 1204627, IPC C 10 V 1/06, announced on 06/14/83, published on 06/15/86 g.).

 This installation is a stationary structure and requires a lot of labor when loading raw materials and unloading finished products, and can also produce only one type of coal.

 A coal production plant is also known, including a furnace, a pyrolysis tank connected to a gas duct, an activation tank and a chimney, and a steam boiler connected by a steam line to an activation tank with the possibility of shutdown (see ed. St. USSR 2150427, IPC C 01 On 31/08, announced on 02/10/98, published on 10/06/2000).

 This technical solution is the closest to the claimed combination of essential features (prototype).

Installation allows you to get both wood and activated carbon. However, to obtain activated carbon without stopping the activation process, it provides for the supply of steam with a temperature of 850 ^° C to the activation tank. To obtain such steam, a special boiler of high power and high fuel consumption is needed. The installation dependent on such a boiler can only be stationary.

 In addition, in the process of obtaining this or that type of coal, the tanks must be rearranged in the heating sections, which is associated with additional labor costs for servicing the process.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating such a plant for the production of coal, which would make it possible to obtain both charcoal and activated carbon in one continuous cycle, reduce fuel consumption and labor costs for servicing the process, and also have mobility.

 The problem is solved in that in the installation for the production of coal, which includes a furnace, a pyrolysis tank, an activation tank and a chimney connected by a gas duct, and also a steam boiler connected by a steam line to an activation tank with the possibility of shutdown, the activation tank is located inside the tank for pyrolysis, and the steam boiler is connected to the pyrolysis tank and the chimney with an additional channel through the damper.

 Placing the activation vessel inside the pyrolysis vessel allows both types of coal to be produced in one continuous cycle without rearranging them, i.e. no additional maintenance costs. In addition, this arrangement of containers makes it possible to use lower temperature steam and, therefore, a boiler of lower power and lower fuel consumption to activate.

 The connection of the boiler with the pyrolysis tank and the chimney with an additional channel through the damper allows for additional fuel savings, as well as link all the units into a single mobile unit.

The invention is further explained in the description of a specific embodiment and drawings in which:
figure 1. - a schematic representation of a coal production plant;
figure 2. - the same, view from the side of the chimney.

 Coal production plant includes a pyrolysis tank 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder mounted on a frame 2, a steam boiler 3 and a furnace 4.

 In the upper part of the pyrolysis tank 1, loading hatches 5 are placed, under one of which inside the pyrolysis tank 1 there is a activation tank 6 with a steam collector 7. The steam boiler 3 and the activation tank 6 are connected by a steam line 8 connected to the collector 7 with the possibility of shutdown .

 Under the pyrolysis tank 1 there is a furnace 4 installed, which can be disconnected and connected with the tank 1 with a detachable heat-resistant seal 9 with an opening for the passage of flue gases. From the opposite end from the furnace 4, the pyrolysis tank 1 is connected by a gas duct 10 to the chimney 11. The gas duct 10 is made in the form of a detachable nozzle, one part of which is fixed in the end wall of the pyrolysis tank 1, and the other is cut into the chimney 11.

 In addition, the gas duct 10 is connected by an additional channel, consisting of the lower 12 and upper 13 branches with a steam boiler 3 of known design. An additional channel with a lower branch 12 is connected to the gas duct 10 and the lower part of the chimney 11, and its upper branch 13 is cut into the chimney 11 above the gas duct 10.

 Both branches 12 and 13 of the additional channel are also connected with appropriate means for heating the boiler 3 (not shown).

 The chimney 11 between the connection with the gas duct 10 and the insertion point of the upper branch 13 of the additional channel is divided by a shutter 14, and on top is provided with a rotary cover 15.

 The capacity for pyrolysis 1 can be installed on the frame 2 with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis.

 Installation for the production of coal works as follows.

 Through the loading hatches 5, the pyrolysis tank 1 is loaded with raw materials, for example, birch chocks, and the activation tank 6 with charcoal, after which the hatches 5 are closed and the steam pipe 8 is connected to the steam manifold 7. Water is poured into the steam boiler 3. The damper 14 and the rotary cover 15 are in the open position.

 After that, the furnace 4 is connected to the pyrolysis tank 1 using a heat-resistant seal 9, filled with fuel and fired. The coolant in the form of hot flue gases enters from the furnace 4 into the pyrolysis tank 1, carries out the drying of the raw materials and through the gas duct 10 enters the chimney 11 and then into the atmosphere.

After a period of time sufficient to complete the drying process of the raw material, the shutter 14 is closed. From this moment, the coolant from the gas duct 10 enters through the lower branch 12 of the additional channel to heat the boiler 3 and through the upper branch 13 and the chimney 11, the spent coolant is removed to the atmosphere. In parallel with the heating of the boiler 3 inside the tank 1, under the influence of the coolant, the known process of wood pyrolysis begins, which occurs with the release of heat. The temperature inside the vessel for pyrolysis 1 reaches 770-800 ^o C. In this case, the temperature rises to the same limits and inside the vessel for activation 6 with charcoal.

Upon reaching the required temperature inside the tank 6, the process of activation of charcoal located in it is carried out according to known technological conditions. To do this, superheated steam with a relatively low temperature (about 110 ^o C), prepared by the boiler 3, is fed into the activation tank 6 through the steam pipe 8 through the collector 7. Since the activation tank 6 is located inside the pyrolysis tank 1, in which the temperature of the pyrolysis process is maintained at a temperature of 770-800 ^o C, steam supply with a temperature of about 110 ^o C will not cause a drop in the temperature of the activation process below 650 ^o C and will not cause it to stop. The activation process is most stable when the capacity for pyrolysis 1 is not less than nine times larger than the capacity for activation 6.

 After the end of the process of activation of coal, the furnace 4 is disconnected from the tank 1, the shutter 14 is opened, and the rotary cover 15 on the chimney 11 is closed. During this period, in the tank 1, the known process of pyrolysis of wood without air access to charcoal is continued. The heating of water in the boiler 3 stops.

 After the end of the pyrolysis process and cooling of the installation, the steam line 8 is disconnected from the collector 7, the hatches 5 are opened, the activation tank 6 is removed and it is freed from activated carbon. Then, 1 charcoal is discharged from the pyrolysis tank.

 When installing the tank for pyrolysis 1 with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis, unloading can be performed when the hatches 5 are in the lateral or lower position.

 Thus, the placement of the activation tank inside the pyrolysis tank and the connection of the steam boiler with the pyrolysis tank and the chimney with an additional channel through the damper allows both wood and activated carbon to be obtained in one continuous cycle, reducing fuel consumption and labor costs for servicing the process, as well as link all units into a single mobile installation.

Claims (2)

 1. Installation for the production of coal, including a furnace, a pyrolysis tank connected by a gas duct, an activation tank and a chimney, and a steam boiler connected by a steam line to an activation tank with the possibility of shutdown, characterized in that the activation tank is located inside the pyrolysis tank , and the steam boiler is connected to the pyrolysis tank and the chimney with an additional channel through the damper.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis tank is mounted rotatably around a horizontal axis.

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