RU218082U1 - REAR BOARD OF GARBAGE TRUCK - Google Patents

Abstract

The present utility model relates to vehicles for collecting garbage, in particular to the design of the tailgate of a garbage truck. The tailgate of the garbage truck (1) is intended for installation on the body of the garbage truck with the possibility of lifting and lowering by turning relative to the horizontal axes located in the upper part of the body of the garbage truck. Inside the tailgate (1) there is a loading bin and a mechanism for loading and pressing solid municipal waste (MSW), containing a feed plate (2) installed in the tailgate of the garbage truck with the possibility of reciprocating up and down movement by means of displacement units, and a pressing plate ( 3) installed at the lower end of the feed plate (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the feed plate (2). The movement and rotation of said plates is carried out by means of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders (4), while the movement units of the feed plate (2) include guides (5) located in the side walls of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1) and located in the corresponding guides (5) of the carriage ( 6), with the help of which the feed plate (2) is installed on the guides (5), while plates (7) are installed on the working surfaces of the guides (5). The plates (7) are made of wear-resistant steel and are removable, and the carriages (6) are mounted on the supply plate (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of their attachment, while the carriages (6) are equipped with replaceable anti-friction linings (8) at the points of their contact with plates (7) guides (5). The technical result achieved by the present device is to increase the durability of the moving units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1).

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The present utility model relates to vehicles for collecting garbage, in particular to the design of the tailgate of a garbage truck.

State of the art

A garbage truck is known from the prior art (RU 2602624 C1 publ. 11/20/2016), which contains a body mounted on a vehicle and equipped with a tailgate, which has a loading opening limited by the bottom and side walls, in each of which a groove is made and guide elements are installed fixed on the side walls outside parallel to the groove. Inside the loading opening there is a feed plate with upper and lower parts, which has on the upper and lower parts of the carriage for interaction with guides connected to the feed plate by axles passed through the grooves. The feeding plate contains anti-friction pads. The garbage truck also contains hydraulic cylinders of the feed plate reciprocating movement drive, which are installed opposite to each other and the bodies of which are connected to the side walls in their lower part, and the rods are connected to the carriage. A sealing plate is pivotally attached to the lower part of the supply plate, connected to the rods of the hydraulic cylinders for its rotation, the bodies of which are fixed on the carriage.

The disadvantages of this design is the complexity of the design and the lack of durability of the movement nodes. Also in this design of the tailgate, the guide carriages, when moving up and down, interact with the outer surface of the side walls of the tailgate, which leads to their increased wear.

Improved interchangeable shoes for use with sliding rails of rear-loading garbage trucks (US 5971694 A publ. 10/26/1999) are known in the art, according to which a wear-resistant shoe having upper and lower wear-resistant strips or pads is located between the upper and lower wear-resistant surfaces of the rear frame. sides.

The disadvantages of this design is the complexity of the design and the lack of durability of the movement nodes. In particular, the carriages are mounted on the feed plate with the help of two axes (pins), and with such an installation, the carriages are fixed rigidly, which often leads to wedging.

The closest analogue is the tailgate of a garbage truck (CN 113581694 A, published on November 2, 2021), in which the loader includes: a frame; a movable plate, including a side plate located on the left side of the movable plate and/or on the right side of the movable plate; a guide bar located on the outer side of the side plate, and a guide groove formed in the guide bar; a guide member connected to the side plate, disposed in the guide slot, and in guiding motion with the guide bar in an up-down direction; the mounting shaft is removably connected to the side plate and includes a mounting portion located in the guide groove, and the guide member is mounted on the mounting portion; the guide bar is provided with a protection structure to bypass the mounting shaft, the guide bar is also provided with an outer mounting hole, and the mounting hole is used to pass the guide member from outside to inside for loading into the guide slot.

The disadvantages of this design is the complexity of the design and the lack of durability of the movement nodes. In particular, the carriages are mounted on the feed plate with the help of two axes (pins), and with such an installation, the carriages are fixed rigidly, which often leads to wedging.

The technical problem lies in the lack of efficiency of the known designs of the tailgate of the garbage truck.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem solved by the present utility model is to increase the efficiency of the tailgate of a garbage truck.

The technical result achieved by the present device is to increase the durability of the moving units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck.

The above technical result is achieved due to the fact that the tailgate of the garbage truck is designed to be installed on the body of the garbage truck with the possibility of lifting and lowering by turning relative to horizontal axes located in the upper part of the body of the garbage truck, while inside the tailgate there is a loading hopper and a mechanism for loading and pressing MSW , containing a feed plate installed in the rear side of the garbage truck with the possibility of reciprocating up and down movement by means of displacement units, and a pressing plate installed at the lower end of the feed plate with the possibility of rotation relative to the feed plate. The movement and rotation of said plates is carried out by means of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders, while the units for moving the feeder plate include guides located in the side walls of the tailgate of the garbage truck, and located in the corresponding guide carriages, with the help of which the feeder plate is installed on the guides, and on the working surfaces of the guides plates installed. The plates are made of wear-resistant steel and are removable, and the carriages are installed on the supply plate with the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of their fastening, while the carriages are equipped with replaceable anti-friction linings at the point of their contact with the guide plates.

Anti-friction pads can be installed on the carriages at the points of their contact with the base of the guides.

Replaceable anti-friction pads can be made of caprolon.

Plates are installed between the antifriction linings and carriages to adjust the position of the feed plate in the horizontal plane of the tailgate.

With intensive work of the mechanism of loading and pressing the tailgate of the garbage truck, the moving units quickly wear out. To increase the durability of the movement units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck, removable plates made of high-strength, wear-resistant steel are installed on the guides, and anti-friction linings are installed on the carriages, while the carriages themselves are mounted with the possibility of rotation around the mounting axis.

Brief description of the drawings

The design features of the utility model are illustrated by drawings, in which:

fig. 1 - General view of the rear side of the garbage truck;

fig. 2 - Front view of the rear side of the garbage truck;

fig. 3 (a) - (b) - Front and side view of the feed plate with installed carriages;

fig. 4 (a) - (b) - Front and side view of the carriage;

fig. 5 - Sectional view of the displacement node;

fig. 6 (a) (b) - Front and side view of the plate.

Implementation of the utility model

The tailgate of the garbage truck (1) is a welded metal structure and is used for loading and pressing MSW into the body of the garbage truck. The tailgate (1) is hinged on the body with its upper part, and is held in the lower part by automatic clamps. At the bottom of the rear wall (1) between the side walls, a loading hopper is welded in, the capacity of which is from 1.8 to 2.6 m ³ .

The tailgate also includes:

loading and pressing mechanism mounted on the rear board (1) and consisting of a feed plate (2) and a pressing plate (3). The feed plate (2) is a rigid, profile-reinforced steel structure. The feed plate (2) moves inside the tailgate of the garbage truck by means of movement units, which consist of guides (5) located on the side walls of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1), and located in the corresponding guides (5) of the carriages (6) (sliders), with with which the feed plate (2) is installed on the guides (5). The feed plate (2) is driven by two hydraulic cylinders (4) and moves in the side guides (5) of the tailgate (1) by means of the movement units on the carriages (6). A pressure plate (3) is hinged to the bottom of the feed plate (2). The pressure plate (3) is a rigid steel structure that can be reinforced with stiffeners. With the help of hydraulic cylinders (4), the pressing plate (3) can be rotated, cleaning the receiving hopper from MSW loaded into it, and when the feed plate (2) is raised, it presses it, pushing it into the body. The automatic control system is responsible for the operation of the loading and pressing mechanism. It includes a control panel containing at least six keys, two of which are responsible for the automatic pressing cycle (single or endless), and four allow manual control of the feed plate (2) and pressing plate (3). The loading and pressing mechanism usually works in automatic mode, however, the possibility of manual control of the loading and pressing mechanism is also provided;

container tipper, which is a tilter, which is hinged on the tailgate and can turn, tipping the container and unloading the waste into the receiving hopper;

a portal mechanism, the main elements of which are booms and outriggers installed on the rear side. The boom of the portal mechanism is a welded metal structure, consisting of the left and right beams, fastened together by a crossbar and two catchers that limit the movement of the container relative to the tailgate during MSW reloading. The boom is hinged on the bearing supports of the tailgate. The boom is raised and lowered by two hydraulic cylinders. The container is attached to the boom with a suspension consisting of four chains with hooks;

outrigger, which is a welded metal structure, driven by hydraulic cylinders installed inside. The outrigger serves to ensure the stability of the garbage truck during the operation of the portal mechanism.

The movement units consist of guides (5) located on the side walls of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1), and carriages (6) located in the corresponding guides (5), with the help of which the feed plate (2) is installed in the tailgate of the garbage truck (1) on guides (5). Guides (5) are profiles, mainly U-shaped, containing a base and shelves, between which carriages (6) are installed. The carriages (6) are rectangular steel elements with a width less than the guides (5).

Plates (7) made of high-strength, wear-resistant steel are installed on the guides (5), which are removable and can be fixed on the guides (5) both by means of a welded joint and by means of a bolted connection, with the installation of bolts outside the friction zone. The plates (7) are made of high-strength, wear-resistant steel, in particular Hardox or Qard steels. This design of the movement unit ensures a long service life of the guides (5) under conditions of constant loads and provides the possibility of prompt replacement of the plates (7) in case of their natural wear, which increases the durability of the movement units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1).

The carriages (6) are mounted on the feed plate (2) on the left and right sides with the possibility of rotation around the mounting axis, in particular by means of the mounting axes (9). In the event of a misalignment of the feed plate (for various reasons, for example, bypassing the hydraulic cylinder), the movable carriages (6) prevent the plate from wedging in the guides (5) of the tailgate (1), and, accordingly, increase the durability of the movement units of the rear loading and pressing mechanism. sides of the garbage truck (1).

Carriages (6) can be made hollow or solid. The solid design makes it possible to increase their rigidity and avoid deformation during intensive work of the loading and pressing mechanism, which makes it possible to further increase the durability of the moving units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1).

On both sides of the carriages (6), namely, at the top and bottom, at the points of contact of the carriages (6) with the guides (5), anti-friction pads (8) are fixed. Anti-friction pads (8) are replaceable to enable their prompt replacement in case of natural wear. This design of the movement unit ensures the long service life of the carriages (6) under conditions of constant loads and provides the possibility of prompt replacement of the linings (8) in case of their natural wear, which increases the durability of the movement units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1).

On the side surface of the carriages (6) in the place of possible contact of the carriages (6) with the base of the guides (5), additional replaceable anti-friction pads (8) can also be fixed. Anti-friction pads (8) can be made of any anti-friction material, in particular caprolon.

Plates can be installed between the anti-friction pads (8) and carriages (6) to provide the possibility of adjusting the position of the feed plate in the horizontal plane of the tailgate. This additionally increases the durability of the movement units of the loading and pressing mechanism of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1), since it allows you to adjust the position of the feed plate if, for any reason, the geometry of the tailgate is violated. The plates installed between the anti-friction pads (8) and carriages (6) can be made of steel.

The anti-friction pads (8) are mounted on the carriages (6) by means of fastening means (10), which can be made in the form of screws.

The carriages (6) are installed in the guides (5), and the feed plate (2) is installed in the tailgate structure (1) by installing the carriages (6) on the guides (5) of the tailgate of the garbage truck.

The tailgate of the garbage truck (1) works as follows.

Before starting the loading and pressing mechanism, it is necessary to overturn the container with MSW into the loading hopper using a gripper. After MSW enters the hopper, hydraulic cylinders (4) of the feed plate (2) are actuated by means of a hydraulic distributor, the feed plate (2) itself begins to move through the movement units, namely through the movement of the carriages (6) with anti-friction linings (8) along two guides (5) of the tailgate (1) with plates (7) made of high-strength steel. Together with the feed plate (2), the pressure plate (3) is also driven by its pair of hydraulic cylinders (4). The pressing plate (3) captures MSW from the tailgate loading hopper (1), feeding it into the transport hopper and pre-compressing it.

For maintenance or repair of the movement units, the loading and pressing mechanism is dismantled. To dismantle it, the hydraulic cylinders (4) are disconnected, the carriages (6) are removed through the maintenance holes in the guides (5), and the feed plate (2) is removed from the tailgate of the garbage truck (1) using the lifting mechanism.

After dismantling the loading and pressing mechanism, the necessary maintenance or replacement of the replaceable elements of the movement units is carried out. The carriages (6) are preliminarily removed from the guides (5).

If the plates (7) are bolted, the old plates (7) are unscrewed and the new ones are screwed on. If the plates (7) are attached by welding, then the old plates (7) are cut off and new ones are welded on.

To change the anti-friction pads (8), the carriages (6) are removed from the guides (5), after which the fastening means (10) are removed and the anti-friction pads (8) are replaced.

After maintenance or repair of the moving unit, the assembly of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1) is carried out in the reverse order.

Claims (4)

1. The tailgate of the garbage truck (1), designed to be installed on the body of the garbage truck with the possibility of raising and lowering by turning relative to horizontal axes located in the upper part of the body of the garbage truck, while inside the tailgate (1) there is a loading hopper and a mechanism for loading and pressing solid municipal waste (MSW), containing a feed plate (2) installed in the rear side of the garbage truck with the possibility of reciprocating up and down movement by means of displacement units, and a pressing plate (3) installed at the lower end of the feed plate (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the feed plate (2), and the movement and rotation of these plates is carried out by means of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders (4), while the movement units of the feed plate (2) include guides (5) located in the side walls of the tailgate of the garbage truck (1), and carriages (6) located in the respective guides (5), with the help of which the feed plate (2) is installed on the guides (5), while plates (7) are installed on the working surfaces of the guides (5), characterized in that the plates (7) are made of wear-resistant steel and are removable, and the carriages (6) are installed on the supply plate (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of their attachment, while the carriages (6) are equipped with replaceable anti-friction linings (8) at the points of their contact with the plates (7 ) guides (5). 2. The tailgate of the garbage truck according to claim 1, characterized in that additional anti-friction pads (8) are installed on the carriages (6) at the points of their contact with the base of the guides (5). 3. The tailgate of the garbage truck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the replaceable anti-friction (8) pads are made of caprolon. 4. The tailgate of the garbage truck according to claim 1, characterized in that plates are installed between the anti-friction linings (8) and carriages (6) to adjust the position of the feed plate (2) in the horizontal plane of the tailgate (1).

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