RU2179804C2 - Method for regulating transportation of heavy metals and nitrates in soil-plant system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves treating plants with diphenyl carbamide and diphenyl thiocarbamide in an amount of 10-20 g/hectare. Leguminous and cereal crops are treated at flowering stage and vegetable crops are treated 5-10 days before harvesting. Method allows ecologically clean agricultural product to be obtained. Method may be used in scientific researches of physiological processes in plants. EFFECT: increased efficiency at minimum expenses. 4 dwg, 7 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of crop production, and in particular to means for regulating metabolic processes in plants, and can be used in agriculture, as well as in scientific research when studying physiological processes in plants.

 It is known to use N, N-diphenylurea (DFM) and N, N-diphenylthiourea (DFTM) as plant growth regulators [1,2].

 Currently, the problem of obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products is very relevant. The literature describes ways to reduce the flow of heavy metals and nitrates into plants by treating plants and soil with urea in certain phases of plant vegetation [3,4].

 As a prototype, a method for treating plants with urea in the tillering phase was used [3].

 However, the use of urea does not always give an effective and sustainable reduction in the content of heavy metals and nitrates in plants.

)
и N,N'-дифенилтиомочевину (ДФТМ, C₁₂H₁₂N₂S

)
для обработки растений.The researchers faced the task of developing a method that allows for a more stable and more effective decrease in the content of heavy metals and a significant decrease in the content of nitrates in plants, for which it is proposed to use N, N'-diphenylurea (DFM, C ₁₂ H ₁₂ N ₂ O

)
and N, N'-diphenylthiourea (DFTM, C ₁₂ H ₁₂ N ₂ S

)
for processing plants.

 Legumes and cereals in areas contaminated with heavy metals are treated with DFM and DFTM in the flowering phase at a dose of 10-20 g / ha. Vegetables to reduce nitrate intake are treated with DFM and DFTM 5-10 days before harvesting at a dose of 10-20 g / ha.

 The method is as follows.

The studies were conducted in open ground on Trumpf barley plants, Sterling maize, Superb pea varieties, and vegetable varieties (beetroot, radish, spinach) of various varieties. Vinyl plastic vessels without a bottom measuring 0.5 • 0.5 m, filled with gray forest soil, were used for the experiments. Vessels were used to avoid the possible lateral migration of heavy metals and mineral fertilizers. As fertilizers, before sowing, NPK 1 was applied - urea double superphosphate, K ₂ SO ₄ in doses of 8 mg / 100 g of soil for each nutrient. As an analogue, urea was introduced into the soil at a dose of 4 mg / 100 g of soil (NPK 2) or 60 kg of urea per 1 ha, i.e. two times less compared to control. Cadmium was introduced into the soil at a rate of 10 and 50 mg, and lead at a rate of 100 and 500 mg per 1 kg of soil. Plants of each group were treated with aqueous solutions of DFM or DFTM using a spray at a rate of 10-20 g / ha during the tillering, flowering and milk ripeness phase for legumes, cereals and 5-10 days before harvesting for vegetable crops. Processing was carried out once in different phases of vegetation. The repetition of experiments three times. After ripening, legumes and cereal plants were dried, the cadmium and lead content in the roots and aerial parts of plants was determined using a Perkin-ELMER spectrophotometer. The nitrate content in vegetable cultures was determined using membrane filters on the I-120.1 ionomer. The invention is illustrated by the following examples and figures.

 Figures 1 and 2 show data on the effect of different doses of DFM on the content of cadmium (1) and lead (2) in the aerial part of barley plants depending on the dose of cadmium and lead in the soil. The treatment of plants with diphenylurea was carried out in the flowering phase.

 Figure 3 shows the dependence of the nitrate content in the roots of beetroot from the processing time (before harvesting) of DFM plants.

 Figure 4 shows the results of a study of the effect of various doses of DFM on the content of nitrates in the roots of beetroot. The plant was treated 10 days before harvesting.

 Example 1. The study was conducted on barley cultivar "Trumpf". The conditions of the experiment described above. The results are presented in table. 1.2 and FIG. 1.2.

 As can be seen from the table. 1 and 2, the greatest effect on reducing the content of heavy metals in the aerial parts of plants is achieved when processing plants with DPM and DPTM in the flowering phase.

Example 2. The experiment was carried out according to a scheme similar to example 1. As the object of study used corn varieties "Sterling". Corn is a C ₄ -type plant, unlike barley, which is a C ₃ -type plant. The treatment of plants with DPM was carried out only in the flowering phase. The results of the analysis are presented in table. 3.

 Example 3. The experiment was carried out according to a scheme similar to examples 1,2. As an object of study, leguminous plants - peas of the "Excellent" variety were used. The treatment of plants was carried out only in the flowering phase. The results are presented in table. 4.

 The results of the experiments are presented in table. 1-4, indicate that regardless of the type of plants, legumes (peas) or cereals (barley, corn) treating plants with diphenylurea leads to a significant decrease in the influx of heavy metals (cadmium, lead) into the aerial part of plants. A similar effect on the influx of heavy metals into plants is exerted by the diphenylurea derivative, diphenylthiourea. Significantly less effect on the intake of cadmium and lead compared with DFM and DFTM has a decrease in the dose of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil. The results of the analysis of the influence of DFM, depending on the dose, on the content of heavy metals in the plant, shown in Fig. 1,2, indicate that the optimal dose of the regulator is 10-20 g / ha. Thus, the use of this method allows a significant degree (approximately 2 times) to reduce the influx of heavy metals into agricultural plants and to obtain high-quality products in territories contaminated with these compounds.

 Example 4. The experiment was carried out on vegetable crops (table beets, radishes and spinach) according to the scheme described in the method, without adding heavy metals to the soil. In this example, the effect of DFM and DFTM on the nitrate content in vegetable crops was investigated, and plants were treated with these substances 5-10 days before harvesting. As a prototype, as in the examples above, used various doses of urea nitrogen fertilizer.

 The research results are presented in table. 5.

 As shown in the table. 5, DFM and DFTM to a much greater extent than the dose of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the nitrate content in vegetable crops and significantly improve the quality of the products. The results of the analysis of the influence of DFM depending on the dose on the nitrate content in the roots of beetroot, shown in figure 3, indicate that the optimal dose of the regulator is 10-20 g / ha

 The research results presented in figure 3.4, show that the greatest effect on reducing the nitrate content in the roots of vegetable crops is achieved when processing plants DFM and DFTM 5-10 days before harvesting.

 In addition to the above results, a study was conducted of the influence of DFM on the yield of cereals, legumes and vegetables (table and sugar beets).

 The research results are given in table. 6 and 7.

 The results given in table.6 indicate that DFM has a stimulating effect on the yield of cereal crops in the conditions of soil contamination with heavy metals. Thus, the treatment of DFM plants allows not only to obtain better products, but also a higher yield.

 The results presented in table. 7 show that DFM not only increases the yield of vegetable crops (Bordeaux table beet, Lgovskaya sugar beet), but also improves the quality of products, namely: in addition to a decrease in nitrate content (Table 5), an increase in sugar content is noted in root crops.

 The use of the invention will allow to obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products at minimal cost.

Sources of information
1. UK patent 2114112, CL A 01 N 47/28, 1983.

 2. USSR patent 1702564, cl. A 01 N 47/28, 1991.

 3. Heavy metals in the soil-plant system. - M., 1997, p.184-185.

 4. Nitrates and quality of crop products. - Science, Novosibirsk, 1991, S. 130-131.

Claims (1)

A method of regulating the transport of heavy metals and nitrates in the soil-plant system, comprising treating plants with a biologically active substance, characterized in that urea derivatives of the general formula are used as the biologically active substance

where R = O (N, N'-diphenylurea) or R = S (N, N'-diphenylthiourea),
moreover, the treatment of plants is carried out by spraying aqueous solutions of urea derivatives at a flow rate of 10-20 g / ha in the flowering phase for legumes and cereals and 5-10 days before harvesting for vegetable crops.

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