RU2175272C1 - Method and device for producing hydrodynamic action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic pulse systems including washing machines of all kinds, hydraulic monitors, architecture, swirl-type hydromassage heads. SUBSTANCE: turbulent currents of working medium are produced in six swirl chambers wherein peak pressure pulses are generated by rotating shut-off device. The latter instantly shuts off three of six swirl chambers. Hammer waves are passed to axial zones by other three swirl chambers and conveyed to object under treatment. Working liquid continuously flows out but each local zone of object under treatment suffers intermittent actions cyclically varying with pulse magnitude and peripheral velocity sign. Object treatment is effected by traveling or quasi-traveling jets. Traveling jets are produced in alternative using shut-off device in the form of triple-channel reaction turbine with spiral-shaped channels whose inlets correspond to axial liquid admission from fixed swirl chambers and outlet sections are tangential on periphery of revolving rotor. Quasi-traveling type of jets is attained with aid of straight-holes shut-off device or that made in the form of three lugs secured on rotor shaft at angular pitch of 120 deg. Shut-off device may be also driven by impulse turbine of any available type or by electric motor. As an alternative, rotor may be driven by joint operation of impulse and reaction turbines or by electric motor and turbine of this or that type. Apart from mechanical action method and device provide for physiotherapeutic and decorative effects (hydromassage and laser-flicker illuminated fountains, respectively). EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to applied hydrodynamics and is aimed at increasing the efficiency of jet impact on the processing object. It can be used as an element of pump-type washing machines, in washing installations, and hydraulic monitors. The invention is also applicable as a hydromassage head (including the heads of whirlpool whirlpool baths of the "Jacuzzi" type) and in architecture as a distributing element of fountains.

 Known vortex nozzles of dispensing guns washing systems. These include, in particular, the nozzles of the Danish companies "Klinett" and "NILFISK-GERNI A / S", the Italian companies "SIBITEC" and "LAVORWASH", as well as the rotating nozzle TURBO BLASTER of the German company "OERTZEN". The first four nozzles are based on the Russian invention of the 50s made by Professor M.G.Dubinsky (USSR AS N 80765), as well as on AS USSR N 848073, 696850 and 519891 developing the first invention. The last of the nozzles mentioned is also borrowed from the arsenal of Russian technical thought (see V. Mukhachev How inventions are born. M: Moscow Worker, 1968, p. 87 - 92, Fig. 20). The mentioned nozzles are effective at high pressures of the initial fluid (≥6 MPa), which is created by plunger pumps, which is expensive for the consumer.

 Known hydraulic pulsator a. from. USSR N 520460, comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity and radial inlet and outlet windows, a spool rotating inside the housing with a profiled distribution window. The fluid outflow is intermittent (for one revolution of the spool rotor, only two jets that do not have a peripheral velocity component are sent to the object).

 Known vortex hydromassage nozzle A.S. USSR N 1276340, containing a supply pipe, a profiled body with an internal screw swirl and a bore at the outlet. The impact on the processing object (human skin) is based on the occurrence of a toroidal vortex between the body bore and the skin. The disadvantages of the device are the narrowness of the zone of applicability (only near the skin, as a whirlpool head baths of the type "Jacuzzi" is unsuitable).

 It is known to use open-type hydraulic pulse systems (GIS) for flushing blanks from the scale (Mogendovich EM, Hydraulic pulse systems. L.: Mechanical Engineering, 1977, pp. 71 - 72). Pulse generation occurs due to the compression of the additional air flow by the working fluid. The frequency and duration of the pulses is a function of increasing the air pressure, which is supplied by a compressor, which complicates the operation and leads to irrational overspending of water.

 The prototype of the claimed invention is a device by.with. USSR N 1637451 (figure 4 of the patent description), which contains the following features similar to the claimed invention: a fluid supply path, a rotor with a rotation drive, a housing with central and peripheral holes. The central hole of the housing covers the rotor shaft, peripheral holes are made through, their longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

 The known device is based on the following method of hydrodynamic effects: having excess pressure, the liquid is divided into separate flows, which are then twisted, using the rotor generate pressure waves, direct the flows to the object of influence.

 The known invention, the effectiveness of hydrodynamic effects on the processing object decreases sharply with the removal of the object of influence from the front end of the housing. The decrease in efficiency occurs exponentially. Therefore, the area of use is small (mainly for cleaning the walls of wells).

 The objective of the present invention is to enhance the hydrodynamic effects on the processing object in a wide range of distances of the object from the front end of the housing, therefore, a radical increase in the possibilities and scope of applicability.

 The objective is achieved in that in the method of hydrodynamic action, according to which the liquid having excess pressure is divided into separate flows, the flows are swirled in vortex chambers, pressure waves are generated in the flows by rotation of the rotor and the flows are directed to the object of influence, according to the invention, the initial liquid is divided into three flows which are fed into six vortex chambers, the chambers are cyclically blocked at the outlet by the rotor so that for one revolution of the rotor each chamber is closed three times, the speed of overlap is about provide sufficient to achieve water hammer, shock waves reflected from the obstacle are sent to the axial zones of open chambers.

 The physical meaning of the claimed method is as follows. With a sharp overlap at the exit of one of the three vortex chambers (for a short time t <2L / C, where L is the length of the chamber, C is the speed of the shock wave, approximately determined by the well-known formula of N.E. Zhukovsky), shock waves arise. Through the axial openings of the rear ends of the vortex chambers and the intermediate annular chamber, shock waves are passed into the axial zones of the other three vortex chambers. In the near-axis zones of open chambers (their “vortex core”), rarefaction is maintained. When an increased pressure liquid is introduced into the rarefaction zone, a sharp increase in the impulse (measure of the amount of movement) of the working streams flowing to the processing object is achieved. In addition, a cyclic effect is carried out on the processing object, variable both in magnitude of the impulse and in the sign of the vector of the peripheral velocity of the work flows. This side of the invention will be described below, after the description of the device for implementing the method.

The method is implemented in a practically tested device "Dancing Star". The inventive device comprises a fluid supply path, a rotor with a rotation drive, a body with a central hole and peripheral through holes, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the rotor axis of rotation, three communication channels of the peripheral holes with the supply path are made in the body, the peripheral holes are made hexagonally with mutual lateral mating, the axis of the channels is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor and are the axis of symmetry for the sections of the conjugate peripheral holes, the rotor is made in the form of a tight fit on the shaft behind the front end of the cutter body. In addition, the peripheral holes of the housing can be made profiled. The cutter can be made in the form located with an angular pitch of 120 ^o petals.

Another embodiment of the cutter is a body of revolution with three holes located with an angular pitch of 120 ^o , the centers of the holes are removed from the axis of rotation of the rotor by an amount equal to the distance between the longitudinal axes of the rotor and the peripheral holes of the housing. In this case, the cutter openings can be straight or have the form of curved channels tangential in their output to the contours of the body of revolution.

 It is advisable to use the invention in the operation of fountains, while the outflowing jets are illuminated by a pulsed light source (including a coherent one) with a pulse frequency (flicker) that is a multiple of the rotor speed. In this case, the object of influence is the visual center of a person, and the impact is aesthetic in nature. From the well-known fountains with illumination (including using coherent laser sources), the claimed variant is distinguished by increased aesthetics, because the stroboscopic effect makes visible the beauty of quasi-running swirling jets; they look highly decorative.

 The drawings show the means of implementing the method.

 Figure 1 - device "Dancing Star" for the implementation of the claimed method (with a turbine drive rotor rotation).

 Figure 2 is a cross section along aa in figure 1.

 Figure 3 - version of the device "Dancing Star" with an electric drive for rotating the rotor.

 The Dancing Star device comprises a working fluid supply path 1, a rotor 2, a housing 3 with a central hole 4 covering the shaft 5 of the rotor 2 passed through it. The central hole 4 concentrically surrounds the peripheral holes 6, which are located hexagonal (i.e., the centers holes 6 lie on the vertices of a regular hexagon). The holes 6 are made with mutual lateral mate (see figure 2). The openings 6 are functionally vortex chambers, the role of the swirl fluid is played by radial sharp protrusions of adjacent chambers. Unlike the prototype, the initial straight-stream flows are fed radially into the casing. After flowing onto sharp protrusions, the flows bifurcate and acquire the tangential (circumferential) velocity component, which is the main sign of a swirling flow. The flows in adjacent chambers (holes 6) have the opposite direction of swirl, i.e. of the six vortex flows, half rotates clockwise and half rotates counterclockwise. Holes 6 can have either a constant cross-section or be profiled (for example, in the form of a Laval nozzle or Venturi pipe). The optimal profile of the holes 6 can be determined during the development of a new direction, opened by the claimed invention.

 Position 7 indicates the axis of rotation of the rotor 2. The longitudinal axis of the holes 6 are parallel to the axis 7. In the housing 3 channels 8 are made (for example, in the form of radial grooves of rectangular cross section). The axis 9 of the channels 8 are perpendicular to the axis 7. Each axis 9 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the sections (pairs) of the holes 6.

The shaft 5 is equipped with a cut-off 10, fixed to the front end 11 of the housing 3. The figures show a variant of the cut-off in the form of a body of revolution with three holes 12, the front sections of which extend into the parabolic bore 13 of the housing 3. The holes 12 are located with an angular pitch of 120 ^o , the input centers the cross sections of the holes 12 are removed from the axis 7 by an amount equal to the distance from the axis 7 of the longitudinal axes of the holes 6 of the housing 3. The parabolic bore 13 serves as a concentrator of acoustic radiation from streams flowing from the holes 12 of the shutoff 10. The presence of the bore 13 effect of the major structural features of the device, but is not required to accomplish the tasks of the invention.

 Position 14 in figure 1 denotes the centering support for the rotor 2. In this case, the rotor is driven by a hydraulic turbine 15, rigidly attached to the rotor 2. Position 16 indicates a flare nut screwed onto the front end of the housing 3. The nut 16 serves as an additional radial support for the rotor 2 (limits the radial runout of the clipper 10). This element is constructive and is not included among the essential features of the claims. Position 17 in figures 1 and 3 indicates the object of hydrodynamic effects. Position 18 denotes an annular chamber located on the back of the holes 6.

 The shock waves reflected from the cutter 10 (generated when the exit sections of the three openings 6 abruptly overlap) are passed through the annular chamber 18 into the axial zones of the other three openings 6 open at that moment.

 Various designs of the chamber 18 are possible. The embodiment described in the description is a special case; it provides for the implementation of the composite chamber 18. The front part of the chamber 18 is formed by a disk 19, fastened to the rear end of the housing 3. The disk 19 has six peripheral holes and a central hole for the shaft 15. The peripheral holes of the disk serve to transfer shock waves to the axial zones of the vortex chambers. The disk 19 is needed to facilitate the stepped profile of the holes 6. If the holes 6 do not have a conical section, the disk 19 is not needed (the central holes of the vortex chambers can be made in the housing 3). The back of the chamber 18 is a hollow truncated cone 20. A possible embodiment of the chamber 18 in the form of an annular groove in the disk of the impeller of the turbine 15 (not shown in the figures).

 The turbine can have any design, type and type, as the type of turbine does not affect the principle of operation. The turbine can be active (including axial, diagonal, inductive-tornado type) or reactive (this embodiment will be discussed below).

 As a drive for rotating the shaft 5, an electric motor 21 (FIG. 3), mainly direct current, can be used instead of the turbine. The angular speed of rotation of the rotor is regulated according to the resonance principle (the frequency of rotation of the shaft of the motor 21 is regulated so that it corresponds to the natural frequency of the vortex chambers or was a multiple of the latter). The electric motor 21 is installed in the casing 22, which is attracted to the fluid supply path 1 with a union nut 23. In this case, the fluid is pumped in this case through the pipe 24, which is located transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the entire device. In figure 1, the transverse location of the nozzle 24 is determined by the type of turbine 15. For an axial turbine, the nozzle 24 must be aligned with the rotor 2. Liquid can be supplied through two or more separate nozzles, collectively equivalent to one nozzle 24. Thus, the nozzle (s) 24 can be considered as an element of the path 1. In the embodiment shown in figure 3, the union nut 23 contains a groove for the passage of the transversely arranged pipe 24. In the embodiment shown in figure 1, the pipe 24 can be considered as a hollow handle connected to a hose hom water supply. This design (hose not shown) is applicable in the case of using the "Dancing Star" as a hand gun for washing installations.

In addition to the options already considered, a cutter 10 can also serve as a rotation drive of the rotor 2, if its openings 12 in their output part are tangentially output relative to the outer surface of the cutter (i.e., make openings 12 in the form of curved channels). Then the cutter 12 will combine with the main function additional - to serve as a jet hydraulic turbine (like Segner's wheel). The optimal shape of the curved channels (minimum flow pressure loss) will be such that the radial coordinate of an arbitrary point lying on the channel axis changes in proportion to its azimuthal coordinate, and the azimuthal coordinate changes according to the law of the second order curve described by the equation y = k (x ² - 2x), where k is a coefficient proportional to the velocity of the liquid at the entrance to the channel. The value of the coefficient k depends on the desired regime of the outflow of flows to the object of influence. Thus, the projections of the axes of the curved channels on the plane of the front cut 11 of the housing 3 are in the form of Archimedes spirals, and the projections of the axes on the plane perpendicular to the cut 11 have the form of a second-order curve. It goes without saying that curved channels do not have to be carried out in the body of the cutter (due to the complexity of the technology). The channels may be tubes or hoses that are properly bent and fastened to the inlet slots.

 In this embodiment, the outflow of liquid to the object of influence is made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the device (in particular, radially). This design is suitable for processing hollow products (pipes, wells) and is most functionally close to the prototype. It compares favorably with it not only by its novelty (jet turbine, which combines the function of a cyclic pulse generator with the drive function), but also by its efficiency, since the liquid acquires additional kinetic energy in the spiral channels of the cut-off (it is accelerated by centrifugal forces). A variant of this embodiment is not shown in the figures. It differs from that shown in figure 1 only in the shape of the holes 12 and the absence of elements 14, 15 and 16. Since elements 14, 15 and 16 are not among the essential distinguishing features of the invention, there is every reason to believe that this option is protected by paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 claims (although the option is not formulated in a separate paragraph).

The Dancing Star device implements two interconnected processes that serve the same purpose and are mutually reinforced (synergistic effect):
1. The generation of working (activated) jets with high kinetic energy (in three open vortex chambers due to the overlap of the remaining three chambers), the process is ongoing. Activated jets (in the amount of three jets) continuously expire on the processing object.

 2. The jets are "running" (if they are withdrawn from the device from the spiral holes of the cutter in the radial direction) or "quasi-running" (if they are withdrawn from the device in the axial direction, as in figures 1 and 3). Due to this nature of the outflow, each local zone of the processing object, corresponding to the projection of one hole 6 on it, undergoes a cyclic effect that is variable in time in magnitude of the pulse and the sign of the peripheral speed. In the first phase of the action, a jet swirling in one direction (a positive sign of the peripheral velocity vector) is directed to the local zone, in the second phase, the effect stops (the radiating "hole is blocked by the cutter), in the third phase, the swirling jet with a negative peripheral velocity vector acts on the zone.

 As in the prototype, in the "Dancing Star" the effects of cavitation cleaning of the treated surfaces and emulsification of poorly miscible liquids are realized. In the prototype, cavitation vapor-gas caverns are formed by periodically opening windows in the back of vortex chambers with excitation of plane waves of acoustic pressure (see the patent description of the prototype). In the claimed device, when shock waves reflected from the cutter pass through the axial zones of three open vortex chambers, shock pulses also appear, the sharp edges of the peripheral holes of the disk 19 serve as an acoustic emitter, and cavitation is guaranteed to occur when fluid flows from three channels 8 onto six radial sharp protrusions formed by pairing the holes 6 of the housing 3. Therefore, the invention is not only not without the capabilities of the prototype, but, providing them with other structural means, is superior to properties type: provides a large amplitude of impulses of the working jets, alternating effects on the processing object, the ability to produce not only mechanical, but also physiotherapeutic (hydromassage), as well as aesthetic effects (fountains).

Claims (6)

 1. The method of hydrodynamic effects, which consists in the fact that the liquid is divided into separate streams, inject flows into the vortex chambers, generate pressure waves in the flows by rotating the rotor and direct the flows to the object of influence, characterized in that the flows are fed into six vortex chambers, which cyclically block the rotor at the exit so that each chamber for one revolution of the rotor is blocked three times, the shutoff speed is sufficient to achieve water hammer, the shock waves reflected from the obstacle are sent to paraxial zones of open chambers.  2. A device for hydrodynamic impact, comprising a fluid supply path, a rotor with a shaft and a rotation drive, a housing with a central bore covering the rotor shaft and peripheral through holes, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the rotor axis of rotation, the peripheral holes are connected by channels to the fluid supply path, characterized in that the peripheral holes are made hexagonal with mutual lateral conjugation, the axis of the fluid supply channels are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor and coincide with the axis of symmetry interfaced peripheral holes, the central hole is made through, the rotor is equipped with a cutter fastened to the shaft behind the front end of the housing. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutter is made with three channels located with an angular pitch of 120 ^o , the centers of the inlet openings of which are removed from the axis of rotation of the rotor by an amount equal to the distance of the axes of the peripheral openings of the housing from the axis of rotation of the rotor. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutter is made in the form of petals located with an angular pitch of 120 ^o , mounted on a sleeve, coaxial to the rotor shaft.  5. The method of hydrodynamic effects consisting in the fact that the liquid is divided into separate streams, inject flows into the vortex chambers and generate pressure waves in the flows by rotation of the rotor, characterized in that during the operation of the fountains the flows are pumped into six vortex chambers, which cyclically cover the rotor on the output so that each chamber for one revolution of the rotor is blocked three times, the shutoff speed is sufficient to achieve water hammer, the shock waves reflected from the obstacle are sent to the axial zones from rytyh cameras.  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the jets flowing from the fountain are illuminated by a pulsed light source, for example, a quantum generator, while the flicker frequency of the light source is set to a multiple of the rotor speed.

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