RU2361683C1 - Siren of opposite resonant waves picked up from single rotor, which is homogeneous in length - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: siren of opposite resonant waves picked up from rotor, which is homogeneous in length, includes coaxially installed cylindrical stator in the form of annular hydroacoustic resonator and rotor, in adjacent surfaces of which through openings are arranged (windows), evenly along circumference. Drive for even rotation of rotor, facility for supply of liquid or gaseous medium in rotor and outlet nozzles for discharge of working medium. At that siren stator consists of serial longitudinal segments (sections), which are arranged with number of windows that differ by one from number of rotor windows for realisation of rotary resonant wave of oscillations in resonator - forward (following) relative to direction of rotor rotation in case less by one, and return (opposite) in case more by one, at that number of such stator sections is arbitrary, and they alternate for provision of opposite rotation of resonant travelling waves on adjacent borders of sections, facility for supply of working medium in rotor may include rotor impeller equipped with central shaft or without it, and outlet nozzles are located on end surface of stator, at that device parametres are based on expressions from calculations.

EFFECT: creation of vortex zones in resonator by realisation of opposite resonant rotary waves.

18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydrodynamics and hydroacoustics, and in particular to devices for creating powerful vortex resonant hydroacoustic oscillations in a flowing liquid or gaseous medium, is intended to generate heat as a vortex heat generator, or to create all types of dispersed systems as a dispersant-homogenizer, and can be used in the energy, oil and gas, medical, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, perfumery, cosmetics, metallurgy, engineering and other industries yach industry.

Sirens are practically the only powerful sources of acoustic vibrations for liquid and gaseous media, containing a hollow stator and a rotor with a series of equally spaced identical holes on adjacent surfaces / Bergman L. Ultrasound and its use in science and technology. M .: Publishing house of foreign countries. l-ry, 1957. 726 p .; Karnovsky M.I. Theory and calculation of sirens. ZhTF, 1945, No. 6, p. 348-364; Gladyshev V.N. Dynamic siren. Theory, experiment, applications. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the SB RAS, 2000.126 p. /.

The idea of combining a siren as the most powerful source of acoustic vibrations and the phenomenon of resonance as a way of accumulating vibrational energy is implemented in a dispersant, a device for the production of high-quality dispersed systems, on rotating resonant hydroacoustic waves / Sviyazheninov ED Hydroacoustic siren. Patent for invention No. 2284229. Priority 04/28/04 /.

In this device, adopted as a prototype, to coordinate the disturbance frequencies and the natural frequencies of the oscillations of the resonator, it is not a standing wave but a traveling wave that is excited by a rotating wave, which is achieved by modifying the mutual perforation of the stator and the siren rotor. The resonant mode of operation provides optimal conditions for pumping mechanical energy into the oscillatory system to perform work, for example, grinding and mixing media. This is most relevant for liquid and gaseous media that are not “afraid” of increased vibrations, pressures and fatigue damage, in contrast to solids. A rotating resonant wave fits perfectly into the technical purpose of the device, as stagnant areas are eliminated and flowing medium is carried out. The prototype introduced a siren with a new type of perforation, which allows you to create a rotating hydroacoustic wave that is both coincident and opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, the rotation speed of which is many times higher than the rotational speed of the rotor itself, capable of exciting low-frequency two-node (along the circumferential coordinate) modes of natural vibrations in the annular region. The siren is surrounded by an annular resonance sounding chamber tuned to the frequency of the fundamental tone of just such natural forms of hydroacoustic vibrations.

The objective of the present invention is the creation of vortex zones in the resonator by implementing counterpropagating resonant rotating waves, which are taken from a very simple in design uniform rotor uniform in length, which serves to increase the efficiency and productivity of the vortex heat generator and dispersant-homogenizer.

The problem is solved by introducing a siren stator, consisting of an arbitrary number of two types of longitudinal sections sequentially alternating - sections, differing in the number of holes and leading to the generation on the same rotor shaft of the rotor of the same number of counterpropagating resonant rotating waves, the rotation speeds of which are strictly identical and many times exceed rotor speed of the rotor itself. A concomitant effect is the technological simplicity, efficiency and reliability of the device.

At the same time, traveling rotating resonant waves in a liquid or gaseous medium are excited on one rotating shaft, which alternately change the direction of rotation with a change in the coordinate in the axial direction, which creates counter motion of the rotating layers and improves the quality of heat generation or dispersion without any additional technological and energy costs. The speed of rotation of hydroacoustic waves in the forward and counter directions is strictly the same and many times exceeds the speed of rotation of the rotor, which easily allows resonant oscillations to be realized in the stator at the frequency of its fundamental (lower) tone, and therefore at higher natural frequencies, due to the spectral properties of the ring resonator .

The above essence is illustrated by drawings, where Figs. 1-3, 4 show a diagram of a siren generating counterpropagating resonant waves taken from a single rotor uniform in length (Figs. 1-3 are a variant of a siren with a central rotor shaft, Fig. 4 is without the rotor’s central shaft), FIG. 5 shows the eigenmodes of the excited resonant oscillations, FIG. 6 shows the corresponding eigenfrequencies, FIGS. 7, 8 shows the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the forced oscillations, FIG. 9 shows the ring excitation circuit resonator, figure 10 is a diagram of the the action of fluid or gas flows flowing from the rotor openings to the stator openings, Figs. 11-18 are nomograms of structural parameters of the siren: resonant frequencies of oscillations of a liquid or gaseous medium, rotor speeds, outer and inner radii of the stator and the number of rotor openings, for various types of working environments: water, oil, oil and air.

The resonant siren on rotating counterpropagating waves (Figs. 1-3, 4) contains a coaxially mounted cylindrical stator 1 in the form of a circular concentric (ring) hydroacoustic resonator and a rotor 2 rotating inside it. Through adjacent holes of the stator and rotor are made through holes uniformly spaced around the circumference - windows or ports. The rotor throughout the longitudinal dimension is homogeneous and has windows. The stator in length consists of an arbitrary number of alternating sections containing n-1 (figure 1, 2) and n + 1 (figure 1, 3) windows, respectively. The rotor rotates evenly by the drive 3 and contains a means for supplying a liquid medium inside it 4 - an impeller and (or) an external supercharger. The rotor itself can be either provided with a central shaft (Fig.1-3), and not having it (Fig.4). The outlet pipes 5 are located on the end surface of the stator.

The main meaning of the invention is to combine the radial siren, as the most powerful source of acoustic vibrations, and the resonance phenomenon, as a method of accumulating vibrational energy. It is compositionally rational to surround the siren with a circular cylindrical resonator. However, the traditional siren generates waves standing in the circumferential direction — axisymmetric and multinodular vibrations, and the thickness of the resonator having the corresponding natural frequency is unrealistically large. To match the frequency of the siren perturbation and the natural frequencies of the oscillations of the resonator, it is necessary to excite not a standing, but a traveling two-node wave in the circumferential direction. This is most functional for heat generation and mixing of liquid media, as inhomogeneity of the disturbance in the tangential direction is created, stagnant zones of vibrations are eliminated, and the product flows through the flow. To excite a traveling rotating wave, a special type of mutual perforation of the stator and rotor is proposed. As a result, a two-node asymmetric eigenoscillation wave with the lowest eigenfrequencies is easily excited in the resonator in the circumferential direction. This wave is traveling, in contrast to the standing wave generated by the traditional siren, and its rotation speed is many times higher than the rotor rotation speed. Moreover, by the appropriate choice of stator perforation, the direction of its rotation can easily be reversed with the same rotating rotor. Three main results are obtained from this approach. First: the proposed siren, even without a resonator, by itself, gives a multiple increase in the frequency of rotation of the hydroacoustic wave relative to the frequency of rotation of the rotor and can be used as an indicator of all-around visibility on weakly attenuated low-frequency waves in acoustics. Second: a new type of perforation opens up the possibility of using resonance with a siren as a pathogen. Third: allows you to receive oncoming resonant traveling waves on one rotating shaft of the rotor. The latter is especially important for heat generation and mixing of liquid or gaseous media, since vortex zones with high cavitation are created at the boundaries of the stator sections.

So, the oscillations of a liquid or gaseous medium are carried out in an annular cylindrical cavity - a stator. Axisymmetric natural oscillations of the liquid (gas) in the annular region (Fig. 5, dashed line), excited by traditional sirens with the same perforation of the rotor and stator, have natural frequencies that are infinitely increasing with decreasing thickness (Fig. 6, dashed line, where ρ - the ratio of the inner radius of the concentric hydroacoustic resonator to the outer, 0 <ρ <1, α = α (ρ) is the root of the corresponding frequency equation), which would require an excessive increase in rotor speed and a decrease in the perforation pitch (i.e., increase Vat equal number of windows in the adjacent surfaces of the stator and the rotor) to achieve excitation and resonant frequency of the resonator to increase the thickness to reduce the pitch frequency axisymmetric oscillations. In this regard, it is advisable to create a resonant traveling two-node wave in the stator / Sviyazheninov E.D. Spectral methods for solving oscillation problems of dissipative mechanical and electrodynamic systems with distributed parameters. Dis ... Doct. Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1994, 432 pp. /. Two-node in the tangential direction, the natural form of oscillation in the annular region (Fig. 5, solid line) has the lowest eigenfrequencies of all existing (Fig. 6, solid line), which opens the way to the use of resonance in the ring stator of small thickness at affordable low speeds rotor and not too small pitch perforation. When resonance is implemented, it is not necessary to pump the medium to be processed into the resonator under high pressure to create sufficient powerful excitation pulses. Even with a weak inlet pressure on the resonator, intense acoustic vibrations will occur in it due to in-phase pumping and accumulation of vibrational mechanical energy in the medium. The main (lowest) resonance of the two-node oscillation mode was selected, which has the lowest frequency and provides the greatest amplification of oscillations, which follows from the amplitude-frequency characteristic for oscillations single-period along the circumference (Fig. 7). On the phase-frequency characteristic (Fig. 8), it is seen how the phase conditions of the optimal pumping of energy into the oscillatory system are satisfied at resonance: periodic effects on the system and its responses coincide in phase.

To excite a non-axisymmetric traveling resonant wave, an unconventional siren scheme is proposed, namely, a new type of its perforation. As before, the holes on the stator and rotor are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, but the number of stator holes is one less (to create a direct or incident traveling wave that coincides with the direction of rotation of the rotor) or one more (to get a backward or backward wave, opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor) than on the rotor (Fig.9).

Device operation

When the rotor rotates uniformly with an angular velocity ω _p , on the surface of which there are n radial fluid flows uniformly spaced from each other, each of the n-1 or n + 1 slots on the stator surface alternately experiences pressure pulsation (Fig. 9).

(при прямой волне) или на

(при обратной) толчок давления произойдет на соседнем отверстии резонатора - по ходу вращения ротора или против. При повороте ротора на угол (n-1)δ=2π/n или на (n+1)δ=2π/n импульс давления ровно один раз обежит окружность в прямом или обратном направлении. Таким образом, угловая скорость вращения импульса давления на внутреннюю поверхность резонатора составляет ω=nω_p - в прямом и ω=nω_p - в обратном направлении. Скорости вращения импульса давления в прямом и обратном направлениях строго одинаковы и ровно в n раз превышают скорость вращения ротора.Let at the initial moment one of the slots of the rotor and stator coincide (Fig. 10). The pressure pulse from the side of the fluid flowing from the rotor is transmitted to the stator resonator. When the rotor rotates through an angle

(in a direct wave) or on

(at the reverse) a pressure shock will occur at the neighboring hole of the resonator - in the direction of rotation of the rotor or against. When the rotor is rotated through an angle (n-1) δ = 2π / n or by (n + 1) δ = 2π / n, a pressure pulse will run around the circle exactly once in the forward or reverse direction. Thus, the angular velocity of rotation of the pressure pulse on the inner surface of the resonator is ω = nω _p - in the forward and ω = nω _p - in the opposite direction. The speeds of rotation of the pressure pulse in the forward and reverse directions are exactly the same and are exactly n times higher than the speed of rotation of the rotor.

ротора 2 (фиг.1, 2, 3, 4) находится из условия достижения резонанса: f=ν/nFinal speed

rotor 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4) is found from the condition for achieving resonance: f = ν / n

, n - число отверстии ротора.- for the siren both on the forward and on the reverse traveling wave, where ν is the natural frequency of the hydroacoustic oscillations of the ring resonator 1,

, n is the number of rotor holes.

From the rotor side, a rapidly rotating excess pressure pulse acts on the surface of the stator resonator. The harmonic composition of a single pulse is a series of circumferential harmonics, of which the two-node (single-period) in the tangential direction has the largest amplitude. It is this fundamental harmonic that serves to excite the resonant traveling wave of oscillations - a single-period (two-node) in the tangential direction of the sine wave. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the two-node oscillations of a viscous heat-conducting compressible liquid medium in the resonator (Fig. 7) shows that the first (main) resonance provides the greatest amplification of the oscillations. For the ring resonator 1 (1, 2, 3, 4) of the outer radius R and the ratio of the inner radius to the outer ρ, the frequency of the fundamental tone is equal to:

where c is the speed of sound in the fluid (gas) filling the rotor, α = α ((ρ) is the first (lowest) root of the transcendental frequency equation:

where J ₁ (α), N ₁ (α) are the first-order Bessel and Neumann functions, respectively.

. Фиг.6 показывает также, что собственные частоты осесимметричных колебаний неограниченно увеличиваются с ростом ρ (штриховая линия), тогда как частоты двухузловых - монотонно убывают с ростом ρ и асимптотически приближаются к α=1, что и требуется для согласования частотных спектров сирены - возбудителя, с гидроакустической камерой - резонатором.The function α = α (ρ) from formula (1) is represented by a graph (Fig. 6, solid line) for all real specific ratios of the inner radius of the ring resonator to the outer 0 <ρ <1. In Fig. 6, the first subscript i of the function α _ik (ρ) means that this is the i-th root of the equation (2) in increasing order, and the second subscript k shows the number of pairs of nodes of the excited waveform in the tangential direction. So, i = 1 corresponds to the first (lower) root of the equation, k = 1 corresponds to the two-node (with one nodal diameter) eigenoscillation implemented in the device, while k = 0 is axisymmetric, i.e. independent of the angular coordinate. Both of these forms are depicted in FIG. From Fig. 6 it is seen that for ρ = 0 we have a particular case of a continuous resonator, which is indicated by the superscripts (c) for the corresponding values of

. 6 also shows that the eigenfrequencies of axisymmetric oscillations increase unlimitedly with increasing ρ (dashed line), while the frequencies of two-node ones monotonically decrease with increasing ρ and asymptotically approach α = 1, which is required for matching the frequency spectra of the siren - pathogen, with a hydroacoustic chamber - resonator.

To carry out a design analysis and calculation of structural parameters according to the above calculation formulas, nomograms of a resonant siren are constructed (Figs. 11-18). It is most easy to select its main structural parameters from them: resonant frequencies of oscillations of various working media, rotor speeds, outer and inner radii of the stator - the resonant sounding chamber and the number of rotor holes. For example, we set the resonant vibrational frequency ν and the ratio of the internal and external radii of the resonator ρ. Then, from the curve ν (R), we determine the corresponding external radius R, and from the family of lines ν (f) we select a combination of the number of rotor windows n and its rotation frequency f. From the nomograms it can be seen that for actually encountered practical liquid or gaseous media siren parameters are easily implemented. So, as a drive, it is quite possible to use the most common low-speed asynchronous electric motors.

An example of calculating the parameters of a siren that generates counter-rotating rotating resonant waves, taken from a single rotor uniform in length.

Let water be the working medium and it is required to excite its oscillation frequency ν = 500 Hz in the resonator with the ratio of the internal radius to the external ρ = 0.5.

Then, along the curve ν (R) of Figs. 11, 12, we find the necessary external radius of the resonator chamber: R = 64.5 cm. According to the family of lines ν (f) or by the formula:

f = ν / n

- for the siren, both on the direct and on the reverse rotating wave, we obtain possible combinations of the number of rotor windows n and its rotation frequency f.

So, counter-rotating rotating resonant waves are removed from a single rotor, uniform in length, the speeds of which are exactly the same and are exactly n times higher than the rotor speed of the rotor itself. Due to the increase in the frequency of rotation of the hydroacoustic wave relative to the frequency of rotation of the rotor, resonant modes in the stator are easily achieved at the smallest rotor speeds, simultaneously for forward and backward waves. Intensive vortex zones arise between stator sections, increasing heat generation or dispersion. An arbitrary, theoretically unlimited number of alternating counterpropagating resonant rotating waves gives a very simple, reliable and efficient device for both heat generation and for obtaining high-quality dispersed systems. Thus, the siren, simple in design, of counterpropagating resonant waves taken from a single rotor uniform in length, effectively performs the functions of both a vortex heat generator and a disperser-homogenizer.

Information sources

1. Bergman L. Ultrasound and its application in science and technology. M .: Publishing house of foreign countries. L-Ry, 1957. 726 p.

2. Karnovsky M.I. Theory and calculation of sirens. ZhTF, 1945, No. 6, p. 348-364.

3. Gladyshev V.N. Dynamic siren. Theory, experiment, applications. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the SB RAS, 2000.126 s.

4. Sviyazheninov E. D. Hydroacoustic siren. Patent for invention No. 2284229. Priority 04/28/04. (prototype).

5. Sviyazheninov E. D. Spectral methods for solving problems on the oscillations of dissipative mechanical and electrodynamic systems with distributed parameters / Diss ... Doct. Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1994, 432 p.

Claims (2)

1. A siren of counter-resonant waves taken from a single rotor uniform in length, including a coaxially mounted cylindrical stator in the form of an annular hydroacoustic resonator and a rotor, in adjacent surfaces of which through holes (windows) are uniformly spaced around the circumference, a drive for uniform rotation of the rotor, means for supplying a liquid or gaseous medium to the rotor and outlet pipes for withdrawing the working medium from the stator, characterized in that the siren stator consists of successive longitudinal x sections (sections) made with the number of windows different by one from the number of windows of the rotor for the implementation of a rotating resonant wave of oscillations in the resonator - direct (passing) relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor in the case of one less and the opposite (counter) in the case of one more , the number of such sections of the stator is arbitrary, and they are sequentially alternated to ensure counter-rotation of the resonant traveling waves at the adjacent boundaries of the sections, and the output pipes are located on the end surface of the stator, while ametry device selected from the expressions

where ν is the frequency of the generated hydroacoustic or acoustic vibrations, respectively, in a liquid or gaseous medium in the resonator;
f- rotor speed;
n is the number of rotor windows;
R is the outer radius of the resonator;
C is the speed of sound in a liquid or gaseous medium entering the resonator,
α = α (ρ) is the lowest root of the transcendental equation

where J ₁ , N ₁ - respectively, the Bessel and Neumann functions of the first order;
ρ is the given ratio of the inner radius of the ring resonator to the outer R. 2. The siren of counter-resonant waves, taken from a single rotor uniform in length, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for supplying a liquid or gaseous medium to the rotor includes a rotor impeller equipped with or without a central shaft.

Images