RU2174535C2 - Peat fuel briquette fabrication process and briquetting composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials. SUBSTANCE: process involves mixing peat with carbon-containing waste, stirring, impregnating mixture with hydrocarbon material, stirring, and impregnation with paraffin preheated to 40-90 C immediately before briquetting. Addition of plasticizer after mixing of peat with carbon-containing waste is likewise possible. Briquetting composition contains, wt. %: peat with 80% water level, at least 50; hydrocarbon material (oil-slime, mazut, etc.), 10-20; paraffin, 1-13; and carbon-containing waste, the balance. Composition may be competed by 2-15% of plasticizer. EFFECT: improved service performance and reduced operational expenses. 4 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for producing peat fuel briquettes for household needs using recyclable waste from forestry, pulp and paper and agricultural production, as well as waste oil products.

 A known method of producing fuel briquettes from small classes of combustible components, such as, for example, fine coal, coal sludge, sawdust, husk, crushed bark and others. The fuel briquette contains a mixture of crushed solid fuel with a solution of a binder-derived sulfonic acid, for example, the sodium salt of methylene naphthalene sulfonic acid or lignosulfonate, with a moisture content of at least 9 wt.%, Enclosed in a closed combustible shell, while the volume of the cured mixture is equal to the internal volume of the shell (RF patent for invention "Fuel briquette and method for its production", N 2068442, C 10 L 5/14, C 10 L 5/42, 1994, patent holder - Luriy V.G.).

 The specified method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing crushed solid fuel with a solution of a water-soluble organic binder, dosing and packaging the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9 wt.% In a closed combustible shell, while the volume of the dosed mixture supplied into the shell is equal to the inner volume of the shell, and as a binder, a sulfonic acid derivative is used, for example, methylene naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt or lignosulfonate in the form of a 30-40% aqueous solution, followed by packaging REPRESENTATIONS briquettes, which takes place simultaneously with storage, transportation or heating, and also when they are burned.

 The described method allows to prevent the destruction of fuel briquettes during cargo handling operations, to reduce pollution of vehicles, as well as premises and maintenance personnel.

 The disadvantages of the method include the high cost of the process of packing each fuel briquette in an individual shell, as well as the use of sodium methylene naphthalene sulfonic acid or lignosulfate sodium as binder composite materials.

There is another cheaper method of manufacturing fuel briquettes, including impregnating a porous carbon filler with a hydrocarbon-containing binder, for example, sludge, with stirring and heating, followed by briquetting the mixture, and briquetting is carried out by pressing at a temperature of 40-80 ^o C and a pressure of 80-120 MPa (RF patent to the invention "Method for producing fuel briquettes", N 2005770, C 10 L 5/16, 1992).

 The disadvantage of this method is the use of high pressure (to achieve the monopolizing ability of the hydrocarbon binder).

There is another method of manufacturing fuel briquettes, eliminating the need for pressing at such a high pressure. The method includes impregnation of a porous carbon filler (e.g. peat) with a hydrocarbon material during heating and stirring, followed by briquetting the mixture at a temperature of 30-100 ^o C and a pressure of 1-30 MPa (RF patent for the invention "Method for producing fuel briquettes", N 2125083, IPC 6 C 10 L 5/16, 1998, patent holder - Knatko M.V.).

In accordance with this method, the impregnated carbon filler is mixed with lime in an amount of 1-10 wt.%, Then dispersed aluminosilicate is introduced, for example, clay in the form of powder in an amount of 5-15 wt.%, Stirring is made, after which water is introduced in an amount of 4 -15 wt.%, Mix the mixture again, and then briquetting the mixture at a temperature of 30-100 ^o C and a pressure of 1-30 MPa.

 The introduction of lime and dispersed aluminosilicate into the technological process initiates the synthesis of calcium aluminosilicate complexes, which ensure homologation of the mixture during briquetting.

 The described method according to patent N 2125083, the authors choose as a prototype of the proposed method.

However, the prototype, according to the authors, has the following disadvantages:
- with a relative reduction in production costs, the need to use components such as lime and dispersed aluminosilicate in the process does not minimize the cost of the final product;
- the calorific value of fuel briquettes decreases due to the occurrence of a heat-absorbing dehydration reaction and high-temperature decomposition of lime during combustion in furnaces;
- increases the gas contamination of the fuel space with carbon dioxide;
- with a relatively high calorific value of the combustible mass, the working heat of combustion is at the level of the average milled peat due to the high moisture content in hydrates and ash content;
- strong sintering of the fuel mass during combustion due to the high content of calcium.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the operational characteristics of fuel briquettes and reduce production costs.

This goal is achieved in that, in contrast to the method of producing fuel briquettes according to patent N 2125083, including impregnation of a porous carbon filler with a hydrocarbon material, mixing and briquetting the mixture, in the inventive method, peat is first mixed with carbon-containing waste (such as coal dust, dust shale, wood sawdust, husk, cotton waste), then add plasticizer (neutralized chicken droppings, manure, silt sludge from sewage treatment plants) in an amount of 2-15 wt.%, mix, but not immediately prior to briquetting mixture was added in paraffin, preheated to a temperature of 40-90 ^o C, in an amount of 1-13 wt. %, after which the mixture is again mixed to a refractory consistency.

 The applicant is currently not aware of any technical solutions similar to the claimed method.

 The drawing shows a block diagram of the claimed method.

The inventive method for producing peat fuel briquettes includes mixing 1 main filler (peat with a moisture content of up to 80%) in an amount of at least 50 wt.% With carbon-containing waste (coal dust, pulverized oil shale, sawdust, husk, cotton waste, etc. .), the addition of 2 plasticizers (neutralized bird droppings, manure, distillant, humus, sludge from sewage treatment plants, etc.) in an amount of 2-15 wt.%, mixing 3, impregnation 4 of the mixture with hydrocarbon material (oil sludge, fuel oil and etc.), mixing 5, prop heel 6 paraffin mixture, preheated to a temperature of 40-90 ^o C, in an amount of 1-13% and 7 briquetting mixture.

 As the main raw material component, preference is given to peat as a porous structure-forming element of a fuel briquette. To create an optimal pressing mode, depending on the moisture content of peat, drier carbon-containing wastes are added. Mixing peat with carbon-containing waste is carried out in a proportion that provides optimal humidity within the range that allows mixing the mixture and briquetting it under pressure much lower than in the prototype (from 0.1 MPa).

 The inventive composition for briquetting includes peat with a moisture content of up to 80% - at least 50 wt.%; plasticizer (neutralized bird droppings, manure, distillant, humus, sludge from sewage treatment plants, etc.) - 2-15 wt.%; hydrocarbon materials (oil sludge, fuel oil, etc.) - 10-20 wt.%; paraffin or the like - 1-13 wt.%; carbon-containing waste (coal dust, pulverized oil shale, sawdust, husk, cotton waste, etc.) - the rest.

The introduction of the mixture of paraffin, preheated to a temperature of 40-90 ^o C, provides mechanical shaping and curing of the mixture during briquetting, which allows you to give the fuel briquette any geometric shape and fix it without using any shells due to the rapid cooling of paraffin in the fuel briquette .

 Introduction to the mixture of plasticizer with minimally sufficient adhesive properties allows molding at a pressure an order of magnitude lower than in the prototype, for example 0.1-5 MPa.

 The sequential introduction of a plasticizer and then paraffin into the technological process facilitates the monolithization of the briquette during the drying process and allows one to purposefully control the operational characteristics of the peat briquette.

When peat briquette is burned due to the low melting point of paraffin (40-90 ^o C) and sublimation in the furnace space, microparticles of volatile fractions are ignited, resulting in a high initial temperature that ensures simultaneous combustion of all components, which leads to complete combustion of peat briquette.

 According to the applicants, the described method helps to improve the environmental situation in the region by utilizing a wide range of industrial and agricultural waste.

 The possibility of implementing the proposed method is confirmed by the currently developed technological processes and can be implemented using standard equipment used in agricultural production and peat processing industry.

Example 1
The production of peat fuel briquettes was carried out at a pilot plant. As a filler used peat with a moisture content of 50% in an amount of 50 wt. % and sawdust with wood moisture content of 30% in an amount of 30 wt.%, which were conveyed from the hoppers through a dispenser to a mixer, where they were mixed until a homogeneous mass, after which plasticizer (neutralized chicken droppings) was added in an amount of 4 wt.%.

After mixing the composite filler with a plasticizer, oil sludge in the amount of 14 wt. %, then thereafter, after mixing the mixture, paraffin heated to a temperature of 60 ^° C was added in an amount of 2 wt.%, and the mixture was again mixed to a refractory consistency.

 The finished mixture from the mixer was fed into the press, where fuel briquettes were formed under a pressure of 2 MPa, which were then fed to the discharge hopper.

 In order to check the resistance of briquettes to mechanical stress during loading and unloading and transportation, the briquettes were dumped from a height of two meters into the body of a dump truck and after half an hour of transportation they were unloaded in bulk on a concrete floor, while not a single briquette was destroyed, which confirms their resistance to mechanical stress.

Example 2
The process of producing peat briquettes was carried out according to the same scheme as in Example 1. Peat and coal dust were used as a structure-forming element, which were mixed to a homogeneous mass, after which plasticizer (neutralized silt sludge from treatment plants) was added in an amount of 4 wt.%. After mixing with a plasticizer, the mixture was impregnated with oil sludge in an amount of 14 wt.%, After which paraffin heated to a temperature of 80 ^o C was added in an amount of 2 wt.%, And the mixture was mixed to a refractory consistency, then the mixture was fed to a press, where under a pressure of 2.5 MPa formed fuel briquettes.

Example 3
To obtain peat fuel briquettes, peat with a moisture content of 50% in an amount of 50 wt.% And sawdust with a wood moisture content of 30% in an amount of 27 wt.% Were used as filler, which were fed from a hopper through a dispenser to a mixer, where they were mixed to a homogeneous mass. After stirring, the mixer received impregnation of oil refining in the amount of 10 wt.% (Oil sludge) through the dispenser for impregnating the resulting mixture, then, after stirring the mixture, 13 wt.% Paraffin heated to 60 ^° C was added, and the mixture was again mixed until refractory consistency. The finished mixture from the mixer was fed into a press, where briquettes were formed under a pressure of 5 MPa. The resulting briquettes at a density of 1.17 g / cm ³ had a calorific value of combustible mass of 8358 kcal / kg, a working calorific value of 4617 kcal / kg, humidity of 33.28%, ash content of 3.96% and sulfur content of 0.33 %

Example 4
The production process of peat fuel briquettes was carried out according to the same scheme as in the previous example. Peat and coal dust were used as a structure-forming element, which were mixed to a homogeneous mass, after which the mixture was saturated with oil refinery waste in an amount of 10 wt.% (Oil sludge), after which paraffin heated to a temperature of 80 ^o C was added in an amount of 6 wt.%, and the mixture was mixed to a refractory consistency, then the mixture was fed to a press, where briquettes were formed under a pressure of 5 MPa.

 The results of comparative tests of briquettes are shown in table 1.

 Table 2 presents the operational characteristics of the briquettes obtained using the proposed method in comparison with the prototype.

As follows from the data given in table 2, the operational characteristics of the briquettes obtained by the present method are improved in comparison with the prototype:
- increased by 8% the estimated calorific value of fuel briquettes;
- ash content is reduced 3 times (almost complete fuel combustion is ensured);
- increased by 38% working calorific value of fuel;
- reduced by 35% the sulfur content in flue emissions;
- eliminated sintering of the fuel mass.

Thus, the solution of the problem posed by the authors is provided in the claimed method with the following distinctive features:
the introduction of heavy hydrocarbons into the manufacturing process, preheated to a temperature of 40-90 ^o C in an amount of 1-13 wt.%;
the introduction of a plasticizer in the manufacturing process in an amount of 2-15 wt.%;
the ratio of the initial components of the composition for briquetting.

 Based on the foregoing, the claimed method is new, has an inventive step and is industrially applicable, which meets the conditions of patentability of the invention.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of producing peat fuel briquettes, comprising impregnating peat with a hydrocarbon material, mixing and briquetting the mixture, characterized in that before impregnation the peat is mixed with carbon-containing waste, and immediately before briquetting, paraffin preheated to 40 - 90 ° C is added to the mixture.  2. The method of producing peat fuel briquettes according to claim 1, characterized in that before impregnation with hydrocarbon material, a plasticizer is added to the mixture (neutralized bird droppings, manure, distillant, humus, sludge from sewage treatment plants, etc.). 3. The briquetting composition containing peat and hydrocarbon material, characterized in that it further comprises carbon-containing waste and paraffin in the following ratio of components:
Peat (with a water content of up to 80%) - At least 50 wt.%
Hydrocarbon material (oil sludge, fuel oil, etc.) - 10 - 20 wt.%
Paraffin - 1 - 13 wt.%
Carbon Waste - Else
4. The briquetting composition according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains a plasticizer (neutralized bird droppings, manure, distillant, humus, sludge from sewage treatment plants, etc.) in an amount of 2-15 wt.%.

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