RU217433U1 - LED phytolamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to LED light sources for crop production and can be used to stimulate plant growth by adjusting and maintaining the radiation of LEDs of different glow colors at the required level. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the LED phytoluminaire, containing a housing, a power source, a driver of a group of red LEDs, a group of red LEDs, a driver of a group of blue LEDs and a group of blue LEDs, a light sensor of a group of blue LEDs and a light sensor of a group of red LEDs, additionally introduced a UV LED group driver and a UV LED group, an UV LED group light sensor, a microcontroller connected to the red, blue, and UV LED group drivers and to the red, blue, and UV LED group light sensors. The technical result is an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

Description

The utility model relates to LED light sources for crop production and can be used to stimulate plant growth by adjusting and maintaining the radiation of LEDs of different glow colors at the required level.

A linear LED phytolamp is known (RF patent No. 2709465, IPC F21S 4/24, A01G 7/04, publ. 12/18/2019, bull. No. 35), containing an aluminum housing, an LED strip installed in the lower part of the aluminum housing, and a channel for forced water cooling, and the LED strip contains LEDs of red, blue, yellow and UV emission spectrum, while each LED is equipped with a lens that creates a light beam with an angle of 60 °.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to control the intensity of the LEDs of each spectrum.

A light emitting device, a light source based on LED (light emitting diode) for crop production and an industrial plant for growing plants is known (RF patent No. 2580325, IPC F21S 8/04, H01L 33/50, A01G 7/00, publ. No. 10) containing an LED (light emitting diode) light source for horticulture, which includes red and blue spectrum LEDs and a phosphor-containing encapsulating resin that coats the LED chips.

The disadvantage of this light-emitting device is the inability to control the intensity of the glow of the LEDs of each spectrum.

A controlled lighting system is known (RF patent No. 2579746, IPC H05B 33/08, publ. 27.08.2013, bull. No. 24), containing a plurality of controllable LEDs, a diffusing optical element that determines the available angular range of light emission, a controller programmed with the possibility of implementation a plurality of different light emission schemes by using a set of pre-programmed control parameters of controlled LEDs, a light sensor, information from which is fed to the controller and used to create various light emission schemes.

The disadvantage of this system is the increased complexity and cost.

A phyto-LED module is known (RF patent No. 186764, IPC A01G 7/04, publ. 01/31/2019, bull. No. 4), containing a group of LEDs for plants with an emission range of 400 to 700 nm, a varistor and a resettable fuse, a power supply that includes it includes a diode bridge, a capacitor, a current stabilizer microcircuit, a current-setting resistor, and the phyto-LED module is made in the form of a printed circuit board with an aluminum base, on which LEDs, a varistor, a resettable fuse and all elements of the power supply are installed by automatic surface mounting.

The disadvantage of the phyto-LED module is the increased complexity and the lack of the possibility of separate regulation of the radiation intensity in certain spectral ranges.

A device for implementing energy-saving pulsed irradiation of plants is known (RF patent No. 2554982, IPC A01G 7/04, A01G 9/26, publ. 10.07.2015, bull. No. 19), consisting of a voltage converter, three groups of LEDs (red, green and blue spectrum radiation) located in the case, pulse shapers, control unit, pulse parameter controllers, pulse frequency controllers, pulse amplitude controllers, pulse duration controllers, pulse phase angle controllers included in each group of LEDs, a calculator and a plant productivity sensor.

However, pulsations of light for higher plants do not make sense, they are adapted to the continuous light flux of the Sun. Thus, the conversion of continuous radiation into pulsed radiation is associated with energy losses and does not make sense for higher plants. In addition, the presence of green rays contributes to an increase in the air temperature in the room. At the same time, the intensity of respiration in plants increases and the intensity of photosynthesis decreases. Excessive lighting, accompanied by heating of the air and leaf surface, will reduce the yield.

The closest to the claimed utility model is a LED lighting device for a greenhouse based on PLC control (patent No. CN205567191, IPC A01G 7/04, publ. 04/21/2016), consisting of a bridge frame, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a programmer, a power source , blue LED block, red LED block and far red LED block, blue, red and far red LED sensors, blue, red and far red LED drivers, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters connected to the PLC by RS485 signal lines .

The disadvantage of this system is the increased complexity due to the inability to simulate the natural conditions of plant lighting in different natural and climatic zones, in particular, in the highlands, the lack of the possibility of additional stimulation of growth, development, and productivity of plants.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to develop an LED phytolamp, which provides the possibility of separate regulation of the radiation of LEDs of different luminescence spectrum, and does not affect the climatic factors of the room.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the LED phytoluminaire, containing a housing, a power source, a driver of a group of red LEDs, a group of red LEDs, a driver of a group of blue LEDs and a group of blue LEDs, a light sensor of a group of blue LEDs and a light sensor of a group of red LEDs, additionally introduced a UV LED group driver and a UV LED group, an UV LED group light sensor, a microcontroller connected to the red, blue, and UV LED group drivers and to the red, blue, and UV LED group light sensors.

Light absorption is carried out by specific pigments. The most numerous pigment - chlorophyll - most effectively absorbs red (≥630 nm) and blue (450-480 nm) light. Auxiliary pigments such as carotenoids and xanthophylls absorb some blue and violet (≤450 nm) light and transmit it to the photosynthesis reaction center. In general, plants absorb blue and red, while green (from 510 to 550 nm) reflects or transmits. That is why the leaves of plants are mostly green.

It is known that the absorption spectra of extracts from plant leaves are divided into three groups according to the location of the maximum in the mid-wave, long-wave ultraviolet and in the visible part of the optical range [Koldaev V.M. Modifications of absorption spectra of extracts from green leaves. Bulletin of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014. No. 11. S. 48-52; Koldaev V.M. Varieties of absorption spectra of ethanol extracts from plant leaves. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014. V. 16. No. 5-5. S. 1793-1795.].

Light is a source of energy for photosynthesis, and the maximum absorption of energy by chlorophylls in the leaves of higher plants is in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. In addition, blue and red light play a key role in the processes of photomorphogenesis and photoperiodism. The blue and red light reception system is activated during germination and regulates the growth of the hypocotyl, the straightening of the hypocotyl hook, the growth of cotyledons, the synthesis of anthocyanins in the seedling, and the synthesis of ethylene. The intensity of the reactions is directly proportional to the power of the light flux.

In addition to photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nanometers), plants are exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet A can improve the nutritional quality of crops without adversely affecting plant growth. At certain doses of ultraviolet radiation, it is possible to obtain the necessary qualities and properties of plants [Sokolov A.V. Analysis of the effectiveness of irradiation of plants with ultraviolet radiation in protected ground conditions. Electrical technologies and electrical equipment in the agro-industrial complex. 2020. V. 67. No. 2 (39). pp. 37-43.]

The reception of ultraviolet also contributes to the deployment of photomorphogenetic programs. Photoreceptors are responsible for processing light signals in the ultraviolet spectrum [Voitsekhovskaya O.V. Phytochromes and other (photo)receptors of information in plants. Physiology of plants. 2019. V. 66. No. 3. S. 163-177.]. Moderate doses of ultraviolet radiation stimulate the production of chlorophyll. Ultraviolet increases the synthesis of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant activity, which helps to increase the adaptive potential of plants and resistance to adverse factors.

Ultraviolet irradiation used in the proposed model allows you to create high altitude conditions, which is important for studying the processes of adaptation of plants and assessing their tolerance to this radiation, as well as stimulating growth and the production process [Aknazarov O.A. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the growth, morphogenesis and hormone levels of alpine plants. - autoref. doc. diss. / O.A. Aknazarov. - Dushanbe. - 1991. - 47 p.].

The essence of the design consists in the use of groups of efficient red, blue and ultraviolet LEDs, where each group of LEDs is connected in series with the corresponding drivers, which provide the possibility of smooth regulation of the current of the groups of LEDs according to the signals from the light sensors of each group of LEDs, which makes it possible to control the photomorphogenesis of plants in the room. The device changes the ratio of red, blue and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum, as a result of which blue, red and ultraviolet light receptors are activated in plants, and the corresponding reactions are triggered. The device allows you to simulate indoor lighting conditions for light-loving and shade-tolerant plants, lighting conditions in the mountains and valleys, at different geographical latitudes, as well as in the morning, afternoon and evening hours. At the same time, the device does not heat the room and the surface of the leaves, that is, it does not violate the required microclimate in the room, as a result of which optimal conditions are provided for photosynthesis and the accumulation of plant biomass.

The figure shows a block diagram of an LED phytolamp.

The LED phytoluminaire contains a housing 1, a power source 2, the input of which is connected to the mains 220 (230) V, the driver (adjustable current stabilizer) of the group of red LEDs 3, the driver (adjustable current stabilizer) of the group of blue LEDs 4 and the driver are connected to the output of the power supply 2 (adjustable current stabilizer) UV LED groups 5, Red LED group 6 connected in series with the Red LED group driver 3, Blue LED group 7 connected in series with the Blue LED group driver 4, UV LED group 8 connected in series with the Blue LED group driver 5, a red LED group light sensor 9, a blue LED group light sensor 10, and a UV LED group light sensor 11 connected to the microcontroller 12, which is connected to a red LED group driver 3, a blue LED group driver 4, and a UV LED group driver 5.

LED phytolight works as follows.

When power supply 2 is connected to AC 220(230) V, a stabilized constant voltage appears at its output, which is supplied to the driver of the group of red LEDs 3 operating in the range of 650-660 nm, the driver of the group of blue LEDs 4 operating in the range of 440- 450 nm, and a driver for a group of ultraviolet LEDs 5 operating in the range of 365-395 nm, the output current value of which determines the intensity of the glow of a group of red LEDs 6, a group of blue LEDs 7, a group of ultraviolet LEDs 8, the intensity of the glow of the groups of LEDs is set automatically according to the program laid down into the microcontroller 12 depending on the type of plants and depending on the time of day, the red LED light sensor 9, the blue LED light sensor 10 and the light sensor of the ultraviolet LED group 11 connected to the microcontroller 12. Application of the light sensor of the red LED group 9, the light sensor of the group blue LEDs 10 and the light sensor group of ultraviolet LEDs 11 makes it possible to smoothly and accurately adjust the intensity of the glow of the groups of LEDs according to the program embedded in the microcontroller 12, which allows you to achieve maximum intensity of plant growth.

In particular, when growing seedlings, a change in the ratio of ultraviolet, blue and red rays is used as follows. At the beginning of germination, it is desirable that there are more red rays than blue and ultraviolet rays, so a ratio of blue:red rays of 1:3 is used.

After the appearance of the first true leaves, it is desirable to increase the proportion of blue light: the ratio of blue: red rays is 3:1. This allows you to build a good root system. The maximum stimulating effect during short-term UV irradiation of plants is observed in the early stages of organogenesis [Goncharova L.I. Influence of ultraviolet radiation on the growth, development and productivity of spring wheat. Abstract diss. ... candida. biol sciences. Obninsk, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology, 1995].

When the set of green mass begins, the proportion of blue is reduced: the ratio of blue: red rays is 1: 3, this becomes a signal for accelerated growth and development. An excess of blue spectrum can result in oversized leaves and short internodes.

Ultraviolet rays contribute to earlier flowering of plants. It makes sense to increase the proportion of ultraviolet when gaining green mass before the transition to flowering. Under ultraviolet irradiation, more color buds can be laid, especially in short-day plants. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the reproductive system of a plant is expressed in a photo-inducing effect through the acceleration of flowering and differentiation of gametophytes [Kravets E.A., Grodzinsky D.M., Gushcha N.I. Influence of UV-B irradiation on the reproductive function of plants HORDEUM VULGARE L Cytology and Genetics. 2008. V. 42. No. 5. S. 9-16].

Short-term exposure to ultraviolet light (10-30 minutes per day) enhances the growth of various types of crops. Cucumber plants grown under UVA light have higher photosynthetic potential and increased transcription of genes required for carbon fixation compared to plants grown under red, green, or yellow light [Wang G., M. Gu, J. Cui, K. Shi, Yu. Zhou, and J. Yu. 2009. Effect of light quality on _CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, Calvin cycle gene expression, and carbohydrate accumulation in Cucumis sativus / J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 96: 30-37].

UV-A increases root mass under drought conditions [M. Bernal, L. Llorens, J. Badosa, D. Verdaguer, Interaction of UV radiation and water availability on seedlings of six arboreal Mediterranean species, Physiol. Plant. 147 (2013) 234-247].

Ultraviolet helps to increase the size of the leaves and the dry weight of the plant [Chang, Chun-Liang and Kuang-Pi Chang. Response of lettuce growth at different stages to light-emitting diodes with several wavelength ranges. Scientia Horticulturae 179 (2014): 78-84].

During the flowering period, the proportion of red rays should be increased: the ratio of blue: red rays is 1: 5 and additional illumination with ultraviolet light to increase the yield.

The net productivity of photosynthesis (NPP) is determined both by the accumulation of a substance during photosynthesis and its consumption during respiration. It characterizes the intensity of photosynthesis of crops and is measured by the amount of dry mass of plants (g), which synthesizes 1 m ² of the leaf surface in 1 day. NPF is determined for any period or on average for the growing season:

NPF \u003d (B ₂ - B ₁ ) / FP,

where B ₁ and B ₂ - dry weight of plants per unit area at the end and at the beginning of the period, FP - photosynthetic potential.

FP \u003d S × T,

where S is the average leaf area for the period (half the sum of the leaf areas for two subsequent determinations), thousand m ² /ha; T is the duration of the period, days.

The table shows the results of comparative studies on the effects of LED phytolamps - the claimed and the prototype, as well as the results of full spectrum lighting.

The intensity of illumination by phytolamps was the same in three variants. In cucumber plants, NPP was not determined due to repeated collections of greens.

Table Index A full range of Red, far red and blue beams (according to the prototype) Red, blue and UV rays Wheat Lgovskaya 4, tillering - BBCH 23-29 FP, thousand m ² /ha day 179.5 198.7 331.0 NPF, g/m ² days 3.4 3.8 5.2 Cucumber Masha, protected ground Leaf area, cm ² 397.8 421.2 463.7 FP, million m ² /ha day 3.7 3.9 5.4 Productivity, kg / m ² 16.1 16.3 18.8 Potato Luck Leaf area, thousand m ² / ha 34.7 34.0 35.9 FP, thousand m ² /ha day 1356 1375 1525 NPF, g/m ² days 25.6 25.7 34.6 Productivity, kg / m ² 29.1 29.3 42.7

As can be seen from Table 1, when illuminated with light of the same intensity, including the full spectrum and a set of red, far red, and blue rays, the PP and NPP almost did not change in wheat, cucumber, and potato plants. The addition of ultraviolet rays led to an increase in FP, NFP and plant yield.

Thus, an LED phytoluminaire containing a body, a power source, a group of red LEDs, a group of blue LEDs and a group of ultraviolet LEDs, in which each group of LEDs is equipped with a driver connected to the output of the power source, and a light sensor connected to a microcontroller that controls the drivers of each group LEDs, which provides an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

Claims (1)

An LED phytolamp comprising a housing, a power source, a red LED group driver, a red LED group, a blue LED group driver and a group of blue LEDs, a blue LED group light sensor and a red LED group light sensor, characterized in that the LED phytoluminaire contains a UV LED group driver and an UV LED group, an UV LED group light sensor, a microcontroller connected to the red, blue, and UV LED group drivers and to the red, blue, and UV LED group light sensors.

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