RU2170400C2 - Plate heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering, applicable in heat-exchange and heat-transfer devices. SUBSTANCE: the plate heat exchanger has a stack of plates fastened one to another, having flat surfaces and ducts for passage of one of the two heating media, pipe connections for feed and extraction of the heating media, cylindrical rim inserted in which is a stack of flat disks, each disk has a plane side and a plane-finned side carrying the ducts of the heating medium located concentrically to one another and to the peripheral diameter of the disk, which are restricted by ribs having apexes. Ports equipositioned in circumference are made on the stack disks, part of them is encircled by closed fins, and part communicated with the heating medium ducts. The stack of disks on the side of its ends is closed with bottoms having pipe connections for feed and extraction of the heating media. EFFECT: enhanced working pressures of heating media in the ducts for their passage. 8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to heat engineering and general-purpose structures for heat exchangers and heat transfer devices, and more particularly to flat heat exchangers.

 From the patent literature known cellular heat exchanger, protected by copyright certificate of the USSR N 397738, publ. 1973, M.C. F 28 F 3/00. The heat exchanger is equipped with nozzles for supplying and removing coolants, and the plates contain flat surfaces. We choose this technical solution as an analogue. From the materials of the copyright certificate it is not clear how the package plates are fastened together. In addition, this heat exchanger is structurally difficult to perform at high operating pressures of coolants, for example, 1000 atmospheres.

 From the technical literature, a welded aluminum heat exchanger for working with three fluids is known (Handbook of heat exchangers, in two volumes, translation from English under the editorship of D.Sc. OG G. Martynenko, D.Sc. A.A. Mikhalevich , Ph.D. V.K. Shikova, vol. 2, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1987, p. 103). The heat exchanger contains inlets and outlets of coolants. It consists of a package of flat plates equipped with corrugations with plate-ribbed surfaces of a rectangular shape. A package of aluminum plates is brazed. This technical solution is chosen as an analogue of the invention. The disadvantage of the analogue is that it is difficult to constructively perform it at high working pressures of coolants (for example, 1000 atmospheres) due to the fact that the rectangular shape of the parallelepiped in it requires large mass characteristics.

In addition, this design can hardly be considered reliable at high vibroloads that occur in modern liquid rocket engines (LRE). It should also be noted the problematic use of such heat exchangers for rocket engines, often containing coolants with temperatures above 400 ^o C.

 A heat exchanger and a method for its manufacture from US Pat. No. 5,385,204, 1/31/1995, are known from the patent literature. The heat exchanger consists of a package of plates fastened together, which have flat surfaces and channels for the passage of coolant. The heat exchanger is equipped with nozzles for supplying and removing coolants. The disadvantage of the heat exchanger is that it is difficult to provide high values of the working pressures of the coolants in the channels for their passage.

 A technical solution is also known - a plate heat exchanger containing a packet of plates fastened together, made in the form of disks having flat surfaces and channels for the passage of one of the two coolants, pipes for supplying and discharging the coolant, a cylindrical rim into which the plate pack is inserted, and on the disks the packet contains predominantly equally spaced windows around the circumference, and on the side of the ends the packet of disks is closed by bottoms on which the pipes for supplying and discharging coolants are made, in addition, the disks epleny interconnected by soldering (US 4,917,181 A, 17.04.1990). This technical solution has the same disadvantages as the previous one and is the closest analogue of the invention.

 The basis of the present invention is the creation of a heat exchanger design for high working pressure of the coolant in the channels for their passage. Such coolants can be gaseous helium, nitrogen, and rocket fuel components such as oxygen, kerosene, and their gas generation products.

 The need to solve this problem is dictated by the need to ensure small dimensions and mass of the heat exchanger at high operating pressures of the coolants.

 The technical result consists in the fact that a heat exchanger with good mass characteristics was created, operable at high pressures of heat carriers, for example, 1000 atmospheres.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the plate heat exchanger consists of a packet of plates fastened together, made in the form of disks having flat surfaces and channels for the passage of one of the two coolants.

 The heat exchanger is also equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging coolants. A distinctive feature of the heat exchanger is that it has a cylindrical rim, the plates are made in the form of flat disks, their package is inserted into the rim, and each of the disks has a flat and flat fin side, the coolant channels are located only on the flat fin side concentrically to each other and to the peripheral diameter of the disk and are limited by finning fins having tops, in which slits are made, on the discs of the packet, windows are predominantly equally spaced around the circumference, part of which is surrounded (each window is separate o) closed ribs separated by slots from the fins, protruding with their vertices flush with the flat-ribbed surface of the disk, and part communicates with the coolant channels on the disk, while adjacent disks in the package are turned around each other circumferentially, providing alternation in the axial direction of windows limited by closed ribs, with windows communicated with concentric channels of the coolant, forming inlet and outlet collectors, while the package of disks is closed by their bottoms on the sides of their ends, on of which the nozzles for supplying and discharging coolants and partitions are made, and the nozzles and partitions are arranged around the circumference in accordance with the position of the inlet and outlet collectors of the package, while the flat-finned sides of the disks along the tops of the ribs are hermetically fastened to the flat sides of the disks and bottoms, as well as the peripheral surfaces of the disks and bottoms with a rim using soldering.

 The plate heat exchanger, in the particular case, can have slots on the fins, made in the form of several radial slots on the disk, equally spaced around the circumference.

 It should be noted that such an arrangement of the fins of the fins is appropriate for technological reasons of simplicity. Another arrangement and configuration of the slots is possible for reasons of optimality of hydraulic resistance and heat removal.

 In the plate heat exchanger, the windows on the disks can be made in the amount of four cylindrical windows equally spaced around the circumference of the disk, while the closed ribs are made around two diametrically located windows, and the bottoms have four inlets for supplying and discharging two coolants.

 The number of windows on disks may be different. For example, for a heat exchanger with three heat carriers, five and six windows with a corresponding increase in the number of inlet and outlet nozzles may be beneficial.

 In another particular case, the heat exchanger can be made in such a way that the disks contain a central window, for example, for technological purposes, with a closed rib located around it on the side of the fin, protruding with its apex flush with the flat-finned surface of the disk.

 It is most advisable in the design of the heat exchanger that the disks in the package are mounted with the vertices of the ribs pointing in one direction.

 The plate heat exchanger can be made so that instead of one of the disks in the disk package it contains a spacer disk, structurally corresponding to the other disk disks, but in one window with a closed edge provided with, for example, an entire partition with the disk.

 Spacer discs are used to increase the length of the hydraulic path of the corresponding coolant. In the heat exchanger in the baffle of the spacer disc in a particular case, an opening can be made, for example, a throttling one. It can serve to provide appropriate heat removal characteristics. In addition, this hole can also serve technological purposes, for example, to facilitate the removal of water from the heat exchanger after spilling to determine its hydraulic resistance.

 Since the heat exchanger is designed for high pressure coolants, it is advisable in it that the bottoms be thickened in places of partitions and pipes for supplying and removing coolants. This helps to obtain optimal mass characteristics of the structure.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plate heat exchanger for two heat carriers in a section.

 In FIG. 2 shows a section MM of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1.

 In FIG. 3 shows a view A (FIG. 2) on the flat-ribbed side of a packet disk.

 In FIG. 4 shows a view A (FIG. 2) on the flat-ribbed side of the spacer disc.

 In FIG. 5 is a view A (FIG. 2) on the bottom of the heat exchanger.

 In FIG. 6 shows a section N — H (FIG. 3) of a packet disk.

 In FIG. 7 shows a rotated section CC (FIG. 3) of a packet disk.

 In FIG. 8 shows a rotated section PP (FIG. 4) of a spacer disc.

 In a plate heat exchanger for two coolants, the disk 1 of the package has a flat side 2 and a flat-finned side 3 (Fig. 1, 7), on which channels 4 are made for passage of the coolant. The channels 4 have an annular shape and are limited by fins 5 having tops 6. Radial slots 7 are made on the flat-ribbed side, which provide communication between the heat carrier channels 4. The disks 1 have four windows 8 equally spaced around the circumference (Fig. 3, 7) and a technological window 9. Two relatively windows 8 opposite the center of the disk 1 and the technological window 9 are surrounded by closed ribs 10 and 11. The closed ribs 10 are separated from the fins by 5 slots 12. Disks 1 have peripheral surfaces 13 of a cylindrical shape.

 The plate heat exchanger has a cylindrical rim 14 and the bottoms 15 and 16 (the outer diameter of the bottoms 15 and 16 is equal to the outer diameter of the disk 1), which form the outer contour of the plate heat exchanger, which has a supply pipe 17 and a discharge pipe 18 of one coolant (Fig. 1), and also the inlet pipe 19 and the outlet pipe 20 of another coolant (Fig. 2). The windows 8 form the inlet manifold 21 and the outlet manifold 22 of one coolant and the collectors 23 and 24 of the same coolant (Fig. 1), the same windows form the inlet collector 25, the outlet manifold 26 and the collector 27 of the second coolant (Fig. 2).

 The plate heat exchanger is equipped with spacer disks 28, on which a partition 29 is made in one of the windows 8, equipped with closed fins 10 (Figs. 1, 4, 8). On the partition 29 of the spacer disc 28, a throttling hole 30 is made (on various spacer discs 28 on the partitions 29, these holes 30 can be made of different diameters). The rest of the spacer disk 28 repeats the disk 1.

 Spacer disks 28 are inserted in the corresponding places of the disk package 1. In the disk package thus formed, the disks 1 and 28 are rotated around the circle so that in the collectors 21, 22, 23 and 24 alternate windows 8, equipped with closed ribs 10, with windows 8 without these ribs (Fig. 3, 6, 7).

 In principle, it is possible to design a heat exchanger without spacers and partitions. In this case, the position of the branch pipes 20 of the second coolant will change. A different number of spacer discs 28 in the heat exchanger structure is also possible.

 The throttling holes 30 (Fig. 4, 8) are designed to provide the corresponding hydraulic resistances of the heat transfer lines and the corresponding values of the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, as well as for technological purposes related to the removal of water from the internal cavity of the heat exchanger after hydraulic tests.

 The bottoms 15 and 16 are made thickened at the places of the partitions 31 and at the places of installation of the nozzles 17, 18, 19, 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 5).

 In a plate heat exchanger, all parts are made of steel or copper or nickel alloys. The fastening of the disks 1 is carried out at the places of contact of the flat sides 2 with the flat-ribbed sides 3 along the tops of the ribs and, respectively, the bottoms 15 and 16, as well as the peripheral surfaces 13 of the disks 1, spacer disks 28 and the bottoms 15 and 16 with the inner surface of the cylindrical rim 14 solder.

 A similar heat exchanger can be made for three or more coolants after making small changes in its design and circuit design.

 The heat exchanger operates as follows. The first coolant (for example, nitrogen) is supplied to the supply pipe 17 (Fig. 1). The second coolant (for example, heated kerosene) is supplied to the supply pipe 19.

 The first coolant fills the collector 21 up to the partition 29 (Fig. 1) of the spacer disc 28, and then, mainly through the channels 4 (i.e., along the flat-ribbed side 3), which communicates with the windows 8 without closed ribs 10, the coolant flows to the collector 23, fills it up to the partition wall 29 of the collector 23, then through the same channels of the similarly installed disks 1 between the partitions 29 of the collectors 21 and 23, the coolant enters the collector 24, fills it, and then in the same way through the channels of the disks 1 enters the outlet manifold 22 and patra ok drain 18 of the first heat transfer medium.

 A second coolant is supplied to the supply pipe 19, which enters the collector 25 (Fig. 2), and then rotates due to the presence of a baffle 29 in the collector 25 similarly to the turns of the first coolant described above, after which the second coolant enters the outlet manifold 26, and then into branch pipe 20.

 It should be noted that due to the fact that, as described above, in the packages, disks 1 and 28 (Figs. 1, 3, 4) are turned around in a circle so that in the collectors 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 (Fig. 1, 2), windows 8 are alternately provided with closed ribs 10, with windows 8 without these ribs and that the structural parts are fastened together by soldering, the channels of the first heat carrier are disconnected from the channels of the second heat carrier.

 During the flow of coolants in the indicated manner, heat is exchanged in the channels and one coolant is heated by cooling the second coolant.

Claims (8)

 1. A plate heat exchanger containing a package of plates fastened together, made in the form of disks having flat surfaces and channels for the passage of one of the two coolants, pipes for supplying and discharging the coolant, a cylindrical rim in which the plate package is inserted, and the package disks are mainly contained windows are equally spaced around the circumference, and on the side of the ends the packet of disks is closed by bottoms on which the inlet and outlet pipes of coolants are made, in addition, the disks are fastened together by soldering, characterized in that each of the disks has a flat and flat-finned side, the coolant channels are located only concentrically on each other and on the peripheral diameter of the disk on the flat-finned side and are limited by finned fins having cuts in them, part of the windows, each individually surrounded by separate slots, which they are separated from the fins by closed ribs protruding with their vertices flush with the flat-finned surface of the disk, the other part of the windows is connected to the coolant channels the disk, while adjacent disks in the package are deployed around the circle relative to each other, providing an alternation in the axial direction of the windows bounded by closed ribs, with the windows communicated with the concentric channels of the coolant, forming inlet and outlet manifolds, and the nozzles and partitions are located around the circumference, in accordance with the position of the inlet and outlet collectors of the package, the flat-finned sides of the disks at the tops of the ribs are hermetically fastened to the flat sides of the disks and the bottoms with soldering, and the peripheral surfaces of the disks and the bottom with the rim are also connected by soldering.  2. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots on the fins are made in the form of several radial slots on the disk, equally spaced around the circumference.  3. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the windows on the disks are made in the amount of four cylindrical windows equally spaced around the circumference of the disk, while the closed fins are made around two diametrically located windows, and the bottoms have four inlets for supplying and discharging two coolants.  4. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks contain a central window, for example, for technological purposes, with a closed rib located around it on the side of the fin, protruding with its apex flush with the flat-finned surface of the disk.  5. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks in the package are mounted with the vertices of the ribs pointing in one direction.  6. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger in the disk package instead of one of the disks contains a spacer disk, structurally corresponding to the other disks of the package, but in one window with a closed rib provided with, for example, an entire partition with the disk.  7. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that an opening, for example, a throttling hole, is made in the baffle of the spacer disc.  8. The plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottoms are made thickened in places of partitions and pipes for supplying and discharging coolants.

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