RU2167244C1 - Soil intake of suction-tube dredger for digging underwater trenches - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: earth moving facilities; digging of trenches in clay and sand- clay soils. SUBSTANCE: proposed soil intake has two mechanical vertical or inclined rippers, each consisting of upper and lower parts, screen and suction system. To ensure against sticking, upper parts are made as screw rippers, and lower ones, as mill rippers with cantilever blades. Surfaces of rippers in upper and lower parts are made curvilinear, antisticking, with similar angle and sense of helix of cutting profiles to provide displacement of soil along inter-turn channels only in one direction from top to bottom, to suction zone formed within the limits of location of mill ripper cantilever blades. Small amount of solid spill is provided by screen installed behind rippers which can be shifted in vertical and horizontal planes and by slot-type suction tip installed at trench sole for taking in milled and fallen soil. To form trenches of trapezoidal cross-section, soil intake is provided with slopers which should be preferably combined with screen. To provide displacement of milled soil at reduced friction, rippers can be furnished with screws provided with inter-turn channels diverging downwards. EFFECT: provision of effective soil intake without clogging with soil. 3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of hydromechanization, in particular to dredging devices of dredgers or other special machines with mechanical cultivators, and is intended for the development of trenches in clay and sand-clay soils under water using a mainly trench method of working movements.

 For the development of underwater trenches by dredgers, the trench (longitudinal) scheme of working movements is now considered the most appropriate, since with such a scheme it seems possible to create trenches in one tunnel and with the least loss of working time and productivity than with other technologies.

 However, the current level of hydromechanization makes it possible to create underwater trenches using this technology only in sandy soils, for which dredging and reclamation dredgers use dredging devices in the form of trench suction tips (Starikov A.S. Technological processes of dredgers. - M .: Transport, 1989; Ogorodnikov SP Hydromechanization of soil development. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1986, p. 70, 90, etc.; Ivanov V.A., Lukin N.V., Razzhivin S.N. Vessels of the technical fleet. - M. : Transport, 1982, p. 67).

 When developing dense and especially sticky soils, the suction tips are inoperative.

 For the development of viscous soils overgrown with vegetation (mainly of spread origin) when cleaning overgrown canals and ponds, a soil pick-up device for reclamation dredgers was created at VNIIGiMe and consists of two rapidly rotating cultivators located vertically with a vertical suction tip located behind the cultivators. However, the practice of hydromechanization showed that due to the lack of an organized soil sampling device from fast-moving cultivators, there was a large soil clogging and a very low productivity of the dredger, therefore, such working bodies were subsequently discontinued as ineffective (Tsarevsky A.M. works. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 1963, p. 194, 202; Ogorodnikov SP Hydromechanization of soil development. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1986, p. 117, etc.).

 A soil pick-up device is also known (Japanese patent N 62-24581, IPC E 02 F 3/92), including a mechanical cultivator consisting of upper and lower parts, in which the knives are made in a spiral and have opposite directions of twisting. At the junction of these parts there is a suction tip (end inserted into the ripper of the suction pipe).

 In this cultivator, due to the adopted opposite direction of twisting of the spirals of the knives, a chip break will form, and in the cultivator as a whole a counter movement of soil will be formed (from top to bottom from the top and from bottom to top from the bottom) to the suction zone.

 As shown by laboratory tests of a model sample of such a working body, carried out at Tver State Technical University (TSTU) in 1996 - 1998, due to a break in the cutting and guiding surfaces and oncoming movement of the soil at the junction of the upper and lower parts of the cultivator, soil freezing was observed, which on clay turned into sticking at first of the butt zone, and then of the whole cultivator (see Appendix 1). In addition, due to the lack of a screen, a large soil clearance was observed in this cultivator.

 The working body of the Japanese patent in the junction of the two parts of the cultivator provides a connecting ring, which due to the lack of cutting elements here will additionally create resistance and contribute to the formation of foci of sticking clay soil.

 Closest to the proposed invention according to the technical essence (prototype) is a soil intake device according to a. from. N 779517, CL E 02 F 3/88 of 11/15/1980, consisting of two vertical or inclined cultivators, each of which has upper and lower parts with opposite windings, the upper large parts being made in the form of an open oblique helicoid, and the lower smaller parts - in the form of two-way screws. Ripper a. from. N 779517 has a screen fixedly mounted on the power frame.

 In this soil pick-up device (as in the ripper according to Japanese patent N 62-24581), due to the opposite (counter) winding of the cutting profiles in the upper and lower parts of the rippers, the counter movement of soil will inevitably be formed, in which in the butt zones (zones where the soil flows meet ) soil unloading will be observed, which, when developing clay, develops first into sticking of the butt zones, and then the entire cultivator (see Appendix 1).

 In addition, the upper parts (cutters) along a. from. N 779517 will be stuck with clay, not only because of the oncoming movement of the soil, but also because of the unsuccessful design of the cutters themselves, adopted as an open oblique helicoid. In such a working body, due to the replacement of the guide surfaces with knitting needles (see Fig. 3 in the description of a.s. N 779517), sticking centers will inevitably form around the latter. In addition, such cutters are unable to forcibly move the soil to the suction zone.

 Fixed (unregulated) position of the screen behind the cutters along a. from. N 779517 is also a disadvantage of this soil collection device, because in many cases, the screen may not have optimal position - if the screen is too close to the milling cutters, clay can clog the space between them, and if the distance is too remote, it can cause excessive clogging of the piled soil.

 Lack of soil sampling device a. from. N 779517 cutting elements in the joint area of the upper and lower parts of the cultivators (as with the working body according to Japanese patent N 62-24581) will lead to the appearance here of additional resistance and sticking zones.

The present invention seeks to create a workable and efficient soil dredging device for dredging to develop underwater trenches in one tunnel in clay or sand-clay soils with trench technology of the dredger and includes the solution of the following main tasks:
1) the elimination of sticking soil sampling device on clay soil;
2) elimination of soil clogging and increasing the productivity of the dredger.

 The first task in the proposed soil sampling device is solved by eliminating the oncoming movement of the soil and eliminating kinks and sharp bends of the cutting and guiding surfaces of the cultivators, in connection with which the upper parts, made as screw cultivators, and the lower parts, made as milling cultivators with cantilever knives, are adopted from curved guide surfaces of the ruled type, not sticky with clay, with the same angle and direction of twisting of the cutting profiles to ensure forced movement Winding lot of channels only in one direction, downward in the suction zone defined by a location within console cutterhead knives.

 The second task of eliminating soil clogging and increasing the performance of the dredger is accomplished by installing a screen behind the rippers, which, to create the optimal suction zone, is made with the possibility of moving it in the vertical and horizontal planes, and a slit-like suction tip is placed there at the sole of the developed trench to select milled and collapsed soil.

 For the formation of trenches of a trapezoidal profile (with inclined slopes), rectilinear or curvilinear slopes are installed on the side of each ripper.

 To ensure the movement of milled soil with less friction, cultivators are equipped with screws with interturn channels expanding downward.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings and photographs.

 In FIG. 1 - 6 shows a soil intake device with screw-milling cultivators, a slit-shaped pick-up suction tip and a movable screen (in Fig. 1 is a front view, in Fig. 2 is a side view in section, in Fig. 3 is a top view in section, in Fig. 4 is a top view in section with the slopes, in Fig. 5 is a top view in section with a screen combined with the slopes, in Fig. 6 is a front view with screws with increasing inter-turn channels), in FIG. 7 shows a photo of a model soil sampling device of the proposed design, not sticky with clay soil during the laboratory experiment.

 A variant of the soil pick-up device (Figs. 1-3), providing the technical result indicated in the “Summary of the Invention” section, constructively consists of two screw-milling cultivators 1, a mobile screen 2 located behind the cultivators, and a suction pipe with a slit-shaped suction tip 3 located behind the rippers at the bottom of the trench under development on the selection of milled and collapsed soil.

 Each screw-milling cultivator of this working body, in turn, consists of two parts - a screw cultivator in the upper part 4 with ruled guide surfaces and a milling cultivator in the lower part 5, which is made in the form of curved cantilever profiles that are a continuation of the curved ruled surface of the turns of the screw cultivator.

 The curved profiles of the turns of the screws and the curved cantilever knives have the same angles and directions of rotation, i.e. the inter-turn channels of the screws and cantilever knives are a continuation of one another, in connection with which the soil along these channels moves in one direction - only from top to bottom, into the suction zone, located at the location of the cantilever profiles 5 at the bottom of the trench (or bottom).

 The implementation of a screw cultivator and cantilever profiles of curved linear surfaces of the ruler type, not sticking with clay, allows for smooth transitions in the inter-turn channels between surfaces 6 and 7, small deformation of the chips here and to prevent sticking of the inter-turn channels with clay soil.

 The presence of the screen 2, located behind the cultivators, prevents the soil from flowing out of the water from the suction zone and significantly reduces soil clogging. To create a suction zone of optimal dimensions, the screen is configured to move it in the vertical and horizontal planes.

 In addition, the soil clearance is reduced due to the placement of a slit-shaped suction tip at the back of the rippers at the bottom of the trench on the selection of milled and collapsed soil.

 If it is necessary to obtain trenches with inclined slopes (trapezoidal profile), slopes 8 can be installed on the side of the rippers (Fig. 4), cutting soil from the sides of the trench and directing it to the suction zone through rotating rippers.

 It is possible to combine the slopes 8 with the screen 2 in one design 9 (Fig. 5). In this case, the surface of the screen in the upper part is taken larger than the dimensions of the cultivator and will serve as slopes.

 To reduce the resistance to deformation and friction between the moving chips and the surface of the inter-turn channels of the cultivators, the screws of the screw-milling cultivator 10 (Fig. 6) can be made with inter-turn channels increasing to the bottom of the bottom due to the gradual increase in the pitch of the screw surfaces. However, such augers will have a slightly more complex design.

 The development of the trench by the proposed soil sampling device with screw-milling cultivators will be carried out to full depth for one penetration when moving the dredger along the trench along the longitudinal (trench) scheme, for which the cultivators are installed vertically or with an inclination forward.

 To ensure a forced supply of soil to the suction zone, the cultivators in the proposed working body rotate synchronously in the direction from the sides to the center of the trench, and the cutting profiles of one cultivator are offset relative to the other by half an angular step (Fig. 3) to prevent jamming between the cutting edges of the wood cultivators and other inclusions.

 At Tver State Technical University in 1996 - 1998 in comparison with the prototype, laboratory tests were conducted of a large-scale model of the proposed soil sampling device. This soil sampling device (Fig. 7) on clay of category VI due to the difficulty of developing dredgers in a state of semi-solid and plastic consistency when equipped with a slit-shaped suction tip and a movable screen did not stick with clay and ensured the creation of trenches of the required cross section without a gap with a volumetric consistency of the suction hydraulic mixture of the order of 1: 10, which is 2 - 2.5 times higher than by standards.

 The proposed soil sampling device can be used in the form of a replaceable working body both on existing dredgers or other special installations, as well as on newly designed for the development of underwater trenches for gas pipelines, oil pipelines, water pipelines, sewage systems, electric cables, communication cables, etc. in clay and sand clay soils. Such a soil intake device can also be used in dredging, when arranging ship passages and when performing other work in underwater faces.

Claims (3)

 1. Dredging device for dredging for the development of underwater trenches, which includes two mechanical cultivators of vertical or inclined arrangement, each consisting of an upper and lower part, a screen and a suction system, characterized in that the upper parts are made as augers to prevent sticking of the working body with soil cultivators and lower parts made as milling cultivators with cantilever knives are adopted from curved guide surfaces that are not sticky with clay, with the same angle and direction twisting of cutting profiles to ensure forced movement of the soil through the interturn channels only in one direction from top to bottom in the suction zone formed within the location of the cantilever knives of the milling cultivators, and a screen is installed to eliminate the soil clogging behind the cultivators, which is made with the possibility of creating an optimal suction zone moving it in the vertical and horizontal planes, and a slit-shaped suction tip is placed at the sole of the developed trench on a nut of milled and collapsed soil.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of each ripper installed straight or curved slopes for the formation of trenches of a trapezoidal profile.  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that to ensure the movement of the milled soil with less friction, cultivators are equipped with screws with interturn channels expanding downward.

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