RU2165151C1 - Farm animal feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, feed production. SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing into main feeding ration magnesium compound, such as magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate, in an amount of 15-20 g and 25-30 g per beast a day, respectively. Magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate is introduced once a day for 40 days into calf feeding ration at additional growing stage, and into horse feeding ration at the age of 20-24 months at prehyppodrome training stage. Method allows metabolic processes of calves of all kinds to be intensified. Usage of magnesium additive at prehyppodrome training period increases horse endurance level. Average daily gain and hematological factor values allow race horse career to be reliably forecasted. EFFECT: increased efficiency and provision for obtaining precise results. 11 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feed production.

 In recent years, in connection with the transfer of agriculture to a market economy, it has become apparent that improving the physiological condition of animals, using mineral top dressing, is a more profitable measure than the need for breeding or medical work.

 Magnesium is widely distributed in nature, plays an important role in physiological processes in animals and plants.

 Researchers (16, 13) point to a direct relationship between the magnesium content, the number of ribosomes, microsomes, ATP activity, and the intensity of protein biosynthesis. The presence of magnesium ions determines the normal activity of enzymes that catalyze the activation of amino acids.

 Magnesium serves as an activator of some enzymes: phosphoglucomutase, which converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, phosphotases, enolases, arginases, isolimonic dehydrogenases and carboxylases (3, 6, 8, 16).

 Research works are known that indicate the important biological role of magnesium in redox processes, as well as the fact that magnesium compounds stimulate the formation of antibodies and thereby increase the body's resistance to disease. It has been established that a high magnesium content in colostrum of cows increases the resistance of newborns to bacterial diseases (12, 14, 17).

 Magnesium is part of the immune system, which provides the body's natural resistance to various pathogens. The bactericidal effect of properdine protein is manifested only if all components of the system and magnesium ions are present in the blood serum (1, 12).

 In muscles, magnesium is involved in the combination of actin with myosin, forming an active magnesium-protein complex that is involved in muscle contraction processes. In addition, magnesium enters the complex of myosin and ATP, acting as a kind of bridge between these substances, and thereby activates the breakdown of macroergic bonds that release energy for the process of muscle contraction (1, 2, 5).

 The insufficient intake of this element into the body is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the content of fatty acids and a simultaneous increase in the content of cholesterol esters and phospholipids (4, 10, 18).

 Magnesium deficiency causes increased irritability, which in chronic deficiency is accompanied by convulsions (convulsions) (11).

 Magnesium ions inhibit the excitability of nerve endings. A decrease in the level of magnesium in the intercellular fluid leads to overexcitation of the nervous system (6, 7, 19). Magnesium is also necessary for the normal functioning of cicatricial microflora in ruminants, being an activator of its enzymes (8.7). The amount of magnesium in generally accepted balanced diets in most cases corresponds to the needs of animals in this element. But based on the foregoing, it follows that the highest need for magnesium is observed during the period of intensive growth, physical work of animals, or under the influence of frequent stress factors. Since animals have only small reserves of magnesium in the body, they must be provided with food sources. Therefore, animals were taken for the experiment in such a physiological period (production cycle), when the body is required to have maximum endurance and resistance to diseases and stress factors, which is especially important for keeping animals in complex conditions (11, 20).

 Methods of feeding farm animals are known from the patent literature, including introducing into the main diet in order to increase the live weight of animals during the period of growing mineral fertilizing - a mixture of magnesium peroxide, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride (15). The disadvantage of this method is that magnesium peroxide is poorly soluble in water and in gastric contents, is more toxic to the body compared to other salts of magnesium.

 Previously, research was conducted on the introduction of magnesium compounds into the main diet of cows of the Simmental breed - magnesium oxide, sulfate and carbonate in the lactation and dry periods. Hematological indices, milk fat and reproductive qualities of cows increased (9). However, studies of the effect of magnesium compounds on the productivity of various breeds of calves and horses have not been conducted.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the productive qualities of animals, including in the main diet, fertilizing magnesium compounds.

 In the process of implementing the invention, the following technical result was achieved: the calves improved hemoglobin, erythrocytes and total protein and corresponded to the upper limits of the physiological norm, average daily gains were from 1 kg to 1.1 kg, in the control, these indicators corresponded from 0.9 kg to 1 ,1 kg. In horses of the experimental group, the pulse rate, respiration, body temperature after a dosed load was lower and recovered in a shorter time, and hematological parameters were higher than in control animals.

 The problem is achieved by the fact that in the main diet calves and horses are injected with mineral supplements of magnesium compounds, which are used as magnesium sulfate or magnesium oxide in the amount of 25-30 g and 15-20 g per head per day, respectively, while the magnesium salt is administered alone once a day every day for 40 days, to calves during the rearing period, and to horses of 20-24 months of age during the pre-training period for 60 days.

 The method is as follows. Calves of Schwyz, Simmental, Black-motley and Holstein breeds at the feeding complex during the rearing period at the age of 9-10 months were added to the main diet as magnesium supplement in the amount of 15 g daily per head per day for 40 days.

 During the pre-poddrom training at the age of 20-24 months, horses of the Russian trotter breed were supplemented with magnesium oxide of 15 g daily per head per day for 60 days as a top dressing of magnesium.

 Example 1. The experiment was carried out by the method of groups. The object of the study was calves Simmental, Schwyz, black-motley and Holstein breeds aged 9-10 months. They, by the principle of analogues, were formed into groups of 15 goals each (table 1). Keeping calves loose, group of 15 goals in cages. The calf feeding ration is presented in table 2.

 The experiment showed that an increase in the level of magnesium in the diet of calves had a positive effect on metabolic processes, but not equally on different breeds of animals. Magnesium top dressing was most effective for the growth of black-motley and Schwitz calves, where the difference in live weight gain between the control and experimental groups was 9.8 kg and 10.04 kg, respectively. In calves of the Simmental and Holstein breeds, this difference corresponded to 6.26 kg and 7.3 kg (at P> 0.95) (table 3).

 The influence of the genotype was also reflected in hematological parameters (tables 4, 5, 6). The best indicators for the content of red blood cells, hemoglobin and total protein in the blood were also found in young black-motley and Schweiz breeds.

 Example 2. For the experiment, 30 horses of the Russian trotter breed of 20-24 months of age were selected, which were divided into 2 groups of 15 animals each (table 7). The horses were kept in stalls with a daily herd for a walk. The diet for horses is shown in table 8.

 Based on our experiments, we can conclude that the use of magnesium oxide top dressing for horses during the pre-poddrom training increases the level of endurance, which is explained by the improvement of clinical and physiological parameters studied at rest and after a dosed load. So, the temperature, pulse rate and respiration after a metered load in experimental animals increase less sharply, and recover in a shorter time (table 9). More intense redox processes in horses of the experimental group can be judged by hematological parameters (tables 10, 11). According to these indicators, it is possible to predict a horse racing career with a fairly high reliability.

 Thus, in our experiments, an increase in the level of magnesium in the diets of calves and horses had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the body, which increased their productive qualities and reduced feed consumption per growth unit - by 3.2-4.7%.

Sources of information
1. Athos S.I. Biochemistry of animals. - 3rd rev. and add. - M .: Higher school, 70. - P.202.

 2. Bogdanov A.A. Ribosomes, the structure of protein and nucleic acids, 1965, p. 210-218.

 3. Braunstein A.E. The mechanism of enzymatic catalysis. In the book: "Enzymes", 1940, p. 112-117.

 4. Balakhovsky S.D. Blood chemistry methods.

 5. Baldwin E. Fundamentals of diagnostic chemistry. M., 1949. S. 23.

 6. Vishnyakov S.I. Macronutrient exchange in farm animals. 1967, p. 102.

 7. Georgievsky V.I., Annenkov V.N., Samokhin V.T. Mineral nutrition of animals. -M., 1979. P.21-30.

 8. Dickson M., Webb E. Enzymes. M .: Mir, 1966, p. 41.65.

 9. Zaplatnikova G.M. Abstract. dis. Balashikha, 1994.

 10. Kalnitsky B.D. Features of the mineral nutrition of highly productive cows // Zootechny, 1988, N 4. P. 11-14.

 11. Kalnitsky B. D., Kharitonov O. V., Kuznetsov S. G. Recommendations on the mineral nutrition of heifers, heifers and cows // Zootechny, 1991, N 9. P.29-33.

 12. Kalnitsky B.D. The biological role and metabolism of minerals in ruminants. - In the book: Results of science and technology. Livestock and veterinary medicine. M., 1978.T.11. S. 79-155.

 13. Kiselev M.S. High molecular weight compounds. M., 1962. S. 47-53.

 14. Korotkova N.P., Ignatovich A.V. Sat Proceedings of the Kursk Medical Institute, t. 15, 1961. C. 330-332.

 15. A.S. N 1616584, 1990. A 23 K 1/16.

 16. Somner B.O., Samers G.F. Chemistry of enzymes and methods for their research. M., 1948, S. 220-226.

 17. Blaxter K., Mogill R.F. Magnezium metabolism in cattle. Vet. Rev. Annuotations., 1956, vol. 2, 35-55.

 18. Care A.D. Hypomagnesaemia Animal Health. Production and Pasture. London, 1963, p. 610-631.

 19. Colby R.W., Fryl C.M. Effect of feeding high lovels of protein and Ca in Rations on Mg - deficincy syndrome. Am. J. Phusiol., 1951, 186,408.

 20. Fontenon J.P., Allen V.G., Factors influencing magnesium absorption art metabolism in rumenats // J. Anim. Sci. 1989. Vol. 67, N 12. P. 344-346.

Claims (1)

 A method of feeding farm animals, for example horses and calves, comprising introducing magnesium compounds into the main diet, characterized in that magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate in the amount of 15 to 20 g and 25 to 30 g per head, respectively, is introduced into the main diet per day, while magnesium oxide or sulfate is administered once a day daily for 40 days, to calves during the rearing period, and to horses of 20 - 24 months of age during the pre-training period.

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