RU2164893C2 - Apparatus for biological processing of agricultural wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has agricultural waste collector and methane tank connected to collector and including acid fermentation chamber, neutral fermentation chamber, alkali fermentation chamber, and methane fermentation chamber, with all fermentation chambers being equipped with dispersers. Methane fermentation chamber is communicated with fermenter having casing and light-transmitting walls. Illuminating devices are arranged at outer sides of light-transmitting walls. Fermenter casing is divided into sections by transverse perforated walls to which hollow glass balls are secured. Glass balls are adapted for cultivation of blue-green algae providing processing of agricultural wastes. Sections are communicated via overflow pipes. Methane is directed from top section of fermenter via hydraulic gate into gas holder and onto gas turbine of drive for electric generator which generates electric power. Bottom section of fermenter is connected via centrifugal microfilter to belt-type press filter and to drier for protein-vitamin additive, which is produced by processing of excessive biomass of blue-green algae. Bottom section of fermenter is connected via microfilter to dynamic disintegrator including housing composed of two joined cylinders and incorporating two frictionally joined rotors. Blue-green cells are destructed in disintegrator, and heavy water accumulated in it is discharged into collector. Apparatus of such construction provides effective processing of agricultural wastes and allows additional products, such as methane, compost, protein-vitamin additives and heavy water to be obtained. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for biological processing (BP) of agricultural waste (CW), for example, cattle farms / cattle / in deep agricultural areas with the development of additional marketable products: methane / CH ₄ /, protein and vitamin supplements / BVD /, biofertilizer / BU / , compost / KP /, electricity / EE /, heavy / D ₂ O / water to reduce the cost of milk, meat and products from them.

There is a known installation of BP SCO, including a cattle farm communicated with a SCO collector and a digester from chambers: acidic, neutral, alkaline, methane fermentation, equipped with dispersants in the form of a rotor and a housing interacting with their inferior surfaces, and the digester is located in the room, on the overlap of which is located the fermenter / TF /, with channels in communication with the air blower, and the TF is made with a coating, for example a film, while the methane fermentation chamber methane tank communicated through a hydraulic shutter azgolderom selhozelektrostantsiey and / SKHES / from the gas turbine and electric generator /U.E. Viestur, A.M. Kuznetsov, V.V. Savenkov. Fermentation Systems, Riga, Zinatne, 1986, p. 18-19, fig. 2.1., 2.2. , 2.3 /, the disadvantage of which is the low methane content / CH ₄ / in biogas, which reduces the efficiency of the BP of the SCO.

A known fermenter, comprising a housing with transverse perforated baffles / PPP /, forming sections communicated with each other by overflow pipes, and a drive shaft with turbines is installed along the axis of the housing / ibid. 94-96, fig. 5.6./, in which there are no conditions for the cultivation of blue-green algae / BSP /, exhausting CO ₂ from biogas to increase the concentration of CH ₄ .

 There is a known installation of PSU SCO, including a source of SCO communicated with a digester and biogas and mash with an fermenter, the housing of which is made with translucent walls and luminaires located on the outside of the housing walls, the housing is made with SPP forming sections with an immobilization nozzle placed on the SPP in in the form of hollow glass balls for cultivating blue-green algae and sulfur bacteria on it, assimilating carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from biogas under photosynthesis conditions, the sections being communicated with each other overflow pipes along the mash, and the lower section is communicated by a biogas supercharger with a methane fermentation chamber methane tank / RF patent N 2086812, cl. C 02 F 11/02, 1991 /, the disadvantage of which is a small list of the development of additional processing products, which reduces the efficiency of its work.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of PSA SCO is achieved by the fact that the fermenter is in communication with a centrifugal microfilter, and through the biomass of CSP and sulfur bacteria with a dynamic disintegrator / DD /, including a housing of two mating cylinders, with common input and output nozzles installed along the axes of the housings frictionally conjugated rotors with blind holes in the rings of magnetophores interacting through an annular channel with holes in perforated rings forming a cavity isolated from the inlet nozzles with the housings output provided by the pipe with the collection of heavy / D ₂ O / water and the nozzle exit of dezintegratu DD communicates with the upper section of the fermenter.

 Achieving the objective of the invention is given in the description of the operation of the installation of PSU CW, schematically shown in the drawing.

The PSU SCO installation includes a source of SCO, for example, cattle farm 1 communicated with collector 2 of SCO and a digester 3 from chambers: 4 - acidic, 5 - neutral, 6 - alkaline, 7 - methane fermentation, equipped with dispersants 8 in the form of rotors interacting with their concession surfaces 9 and the housing 10, and the digester 3 is located in the room 11, on the floor 12 of which there is a TF 13, with channels 14 in communication with the supercharger 15 of the air, and the TF is made with a coating, for example a film 16, while the TF is compost connected to the collector 2 CRL, and methane tank 3 reported bio the basics and mash with the fermenter 17, comprising a housing 18 with translucent walls and luminaires 19 located on the outer side of the walls of the housing 18, the housing 18 is made with the PPP 20 forming sections 21, with the immobilization nozzle 22 in the form of hollow glass balls placed on the PPP 20, for cultivation of BSS and sulfur bacteria on it, along the axis of the housing 18 there is a drive shaft 23 with turbines 24 mounted on it under the IFR 20, and sections 21 are communicated with each other through the mash by overflow pipes 25, concentric to the drive shaft 23 with their protrusions 26, forming they have a shutter for the immobilization nozzle 22, and the lower section 21 is communicated by a supercharger 27 with a methane fermentation chamber 7 methane tank 3 and with a CMF 28, which is biomass connected with DD 29, including a housing 30 of two paired cylinders, with common inlet pipes 31 of them , 32 - outputs installed along the axes of the housing 30, frictionally conjugated by a rotor 33 and 34, with blind holes 35 in the rings of the magnetophores 36 and 37, interacting through the annular channel 38 with holes 39 in the perforated rings 40 and 41, forming a cavity 42 with the housing 30 isolated about pipes 31 and 32 provided by the pipe 43 with a collection of 44 heavy / D ₂ O / water and the outlet pipe 32 communicates for 29 DD dezintegratu 21 with the upper section 17. The upper section of the fermenter 21 fermenter 17 Methane / CH ₄ / communicated through the hydraulic valve 45, a gas holder 46 with a SCHES from a gas turbine 47 and an electric generator 48. The methane fermentation chamber 7 is connected via a slurry 3 to a belt press filter / LPF / 49 and a bio-fertilizer dryer 50 / BU /, and the CMF 28 is connected to the excess biomass of mineral water and sulfur bacteria with PSL 51 and dryer 52 BVD, and TF 13 is made with a conveyor 53 for the shipment of KP.

 Installation BP CW works as follows.

УГЛЕВОДЫ + H₂O ---> 3CH₄ + 3CO₂
Взвеси измельчают в диспергаторах 8 между уступчатыми поверхностями ротора 9 и корпуса 10 с одновременным нагревом до 33^oC. Колебания температуры не должны превышать одного градуса в сутки, что достигается отключением приводов диспергаторов 8 от реле температуры /на чертеже не показаны/. Для корректировки по азоту в камере 7 вводят углекислый аммоний, который позволяет изменять pH от 4,5-5 для камеры 4 до pH 7,2-7,6 в камере 7, т.е. от кислой к щелочной среде. Вся сбраживаемая органика превращается в CH₄ и CO₂.Manure of cattle with hydraulic wash and hydraulic alloy is continuously supplied from farm 1 to a collection 2, in which the plant components (hay, straw) are separated and sent to compost in TF 13 under the film 16 when air is blown from the channel 14 supplied by the supercharger 15 with a temperature rise to 50- 70 ^o C. The thermobiological decomposition in TF 13 thermostats the temperature in the room 11 in which the digester 3 is installed. In the collection 2, drains are adjusted by introducing compost from TF 13 so that C: N = 20: 1. Drains are sequentially fermented in chambers 4-7
FATS + H ₂ O ---> 2CH ₄ + CO ₂

CARBOHYDRATES + H ₂ O ---> 3CH ₄ + 3CO ₂
Suspensions are crushed in dispersers 8 between the stepped surfaces of the rotor 9 and the housing 10 with simultaneous heating to 33 ^o C. Temperature fluctuations should not exceed one degree per day, which is achieved by disconnecting the drives of dispersants 8 from the temperature switch / not shown /. To adjust for nitrogen, ammonium carbonate is introduced in chamber 7, which allows changing the pH from 4.5-5 for chamber 4 to pH 7.2-7.6 in chamber 7, i.e. from acidic to alkaline. All fermentable organics are converted to CH ₄ and CO ₂ .

To exhaust CO ₂ from biogas, blue-green algae (SZV) are used in the fermenter 17, which are cultivated on an immobilization nozzle 22 from hollow glass balls that reflect light from the lamps 19 into the depth of the SZV layer. The mash from the overlying sections 21 goes to the lower ones along the overflow pipes 25, and is sprayed in a mixture with the turbine biogas 24. The biogas from the digester 3 is pumped by the supercharger 27 through the SPP 20 and the nozzle layer 22. Population develops due to immobilization / adhesion / SPZ to the nozzle 22. the most productive individuals of the CWS and the dying of unproductive / auto-selection /. At the same time, the ability to use vital products / metabolites / overlying individuals as food sources for microflora of the underlying sections 21 / succession / is being developed in the SPZ. Enzymes of the disintegrate coming from DD 29 provide the decomposition of water 2H ₂ O ---> 2H ₂ + O ₂ , and hydrogen reduces carbon dioxide to methane CO ₂ + 4H ₂ ---> CH ₄ + 2H ₂ O.

Additional hydrogen is produced by CWS by the action of the hydrogenase enzyme on the pigment of the chlorophyll protein. Due to fermentolysis, the mass of CH ₄ is 20-30% higher than the decay mass of ashless organics.

Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by oxygen of enzymatic decomposition of water and is exhausted by sulfur bacteria. Almost pure CH _{4 is} supplied through a hydraulic shutter 45 to a gas holder 46 and burned in a gas turbine 47 of the drive of an electric generator 48. The exhaust / CO ₂ + H ₂ O / is returned to a fermenter 17 for restoration and temperature control of processes, fermentolysis, exhaustion, photosynthesis.

The biomass of BWS and sulfur bacteria is separated in the CMF 28 on a non-rigid filter baffle, which is energized by electric current, and it enters through the nozzle 31 in the DD 29 for processing in the annular channel 38. When the substrate is ejected from the holes 35 between the bottom of the hole 35 and the liquid piston, a vacuum occurs vapor bubbles appear, which condense in the annular channel 38 with the formation of voids, since the volume of condensate is one thousand times smaller than the volume of steam from which it was formed. Centers of condensation are SZV, the cell membranes of which are destroyed by the collapse of voids. In the process of photosynthesis, CWS accumulate in themselves heavy (D ₂ O) water to concentrations of 0.4-0.6%, which is released upon disintegration of the cell walls of CWS. The density of D ₂ O is 10% higher than the density of light / H ₂ O / and in the field of centrifugal forces it is displaced through holes 39 in the perforated ring 40 and 41 into the cavity 42, its exit from there is prevented by a viscosity of D ₂ O of 23%, exceeding the viscosity of H ₂ O. D ₂ O through the pipe 43 is discharged to the collection tank 44. The disintegrate of the CW and serobacteria through the pipe 32 is taken to the fermenter 17, in which biological components / nucleic acids, vitamins, especially vitamin B ₁₂ , trace elements, enzymes, especially hydrogenase, are involved in photosynthesis. Excess biomass of BWW and sulfur bacteria is squeezed onto PSL 51 and after heat treatment in dryer 52, they are used as BWD. At a rate of 1 gram a.s.w. the consumption of basic feed is reduced by 20% per 1 kg of live weight of animals and poultry, and the cost of feed is 70-90% of all costs in livestock and poultry farming. The use of BVD - it is 50% protein, vitamins, biostimulants - increases egg production, milk yield, meat gain. Hydrocarbons are characterized by the H / C ratio, for methane it is 4, for comparison for gasoline - 2.2, for diesel fuel - 1.5, for coal - 1. Switching internal combustion engines / internal combustion engines / from gasoline to CH ₄ increases the overhaul life of internal combustion engines in 2 times, the consumption of lubricants is reduced by 15%, the exhaust becomes environmentally friendly. D ₂ O is a valuable and scarce product in nuclear energy - a fast neutron moderator. The transfer of nuclear reactors from ordinary to heavy water increases the duration of the use of atomic fuel by 1.5-2 times, and in Canada, reactors operate only on heavy water. Biological processing of agricultural enterprises with the development of additional commercial products reduces the cost of production of eggs, milk, meat and meat and dairy products.

Claims (1)

A biological processing plant for agricultural waste, including a source of agricultural waste, for example, a cattle farm communicated with a collection of agricultural waste and a digester from acid, neutral, alkaline, methane fermentation chambers equipped with dispersants in the form of interacting yielding surfaces of the rotor and the housing, with the digester placed in the room, on the overlap of which is a solid-phase fermenter with channels in communication with the air blower, and the solid-phase fermenter is made with a coating, for example, with a film, while the solid-phase fermenter is composted through a compost with a collection of agricultural waste, and the digester is communicated through biogas and mash with a fermenter, including a body with translucent walls and luminaires placed on the outside of the case walls, the case is made with transverse perforated partitions forming sections with placed on a transverse perforated septum with an immobilization nozzle in the form of hollow glass balls for the cultivation of blue-green algae and sulfur bacteria on it, the axis of the housing is a drive shaft with impellers mounted on it under transverse perforated partitions, and the sections are communicated with each other through the mash by overflow pipes, concentric to the drive shaft and their protrusions forming a shutter for the immobilization nozzle, the lower section being communicated by a supercharger with a methane fermentation chamber and a methane digester a centrifugal microfilter, which is biomass connected with a dynamic disintegrator, characterized in that the dynamic disintegrator is made in the form of a housing of two x mating cylinders with common inlet and outlet nozzles installed along the axes of the housing, friction-mating rotors with blind holes in the rings of magnetophores interacting through an annular channel with holes in perforated rings forming a cavity isolated from the inlet and outlet nozzles with the housing a pipe with a collector of heavy (D ₂ O) water, and the output pipe of the dynamic disintegrator outlet is communicated through the disintegrate with the upper section of the fermenter.