RU2164568C1 - Multilayer fabric and multilayer fabric manufacture method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry. SUBSTANCE: multilayer fabric is fabricated from filling threads and two systems of core threads, one of them serving for forming creases with upper and lower folds. Creases are secured by second system of core threads along lower fold by means of retaining filling threads. At the same number of threads, fabric is further provided with two warp systems, one of the systems being adapted for securing creases along upper fold by means of retaining filling threads and other system for stitching creases by means of core threads. The same stitching core thread is running at different levels through the thickness of fabric and at predetermined fixed interval across width of fabric so that it secures creases at different levels. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved strength of fabric. 6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of textile industry and relates to multilayer fabrics intended for structural products operating at high temperatures and loads.

 Known multilayer fabrics made of three systems of warp threads and weft systems (A.S. 717175, class D 03 D 11/00, publ. 1980 - analogue and A.S. 887645, class D 03 D 11 / 00, publ. 1981 - analogue 2). In known fabrics, two main systems serve to fix the folds, two systems serve to create several folds in height, while the folds are connected to each other along the flaps due to the interweaving of the main threads of different folds with the same weft threads.

 The closest technical solution to this invention is a fabric made of weft threads and 2 systems of the main threads, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower flaps, fastened by the second main system along the lower lapel using fixing weft threads (Germany 3813740 , CL D 03 D 11/00, 1990 - prototype).

 The closest technical solution in terms of the manufacturing method is a fabric manufacturing method carried out by weaving the weft yarns and two main systems, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower lapels, secured by the second main system along the lower lapel using fixing weft yarns, and the use of a special device that forcibly raises the fold with the lower and upper lapels to a vertical position (Germany 3813740, class D 03 D 11/00, 1990 - prototype).

 The disadvantages of the known fabrics - analogues is the increased consumption of materials, while with increasing thickness of the tissue decreases form stability, despite the sufficient number of bonds in the structure of the fabric, providing sufficient strength of the latter.

 A disadvantage of the known tissue prototype is its low dimensional stability, which limits its scope.

 A disadvantage of the known manufacturing method is low productivity, limited technological capabilities in the production of fabrics of this structure.

 The objective of the present invention is to obtain a structural, form-resistant woven material with high strength properties, operating at high temperatures and loads, and at the same time increase the productivity of the equipment, expanding technological capabilities when operating the fabric.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that in a fabric made of weft threads and two systems of main threads, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower flaps, fastened by the second main system along the lower lapel using fixing wefts, according to the invention, one and the same number of threads, the fabric additionally contains two main systems, one of which is used for fastening folds along the upper lapel with fixing weft threads, and the other for stitching folds with main threads, When this is the same warp yarn sewn located at different levels on fabric thickness and with a certain interval along the width of the fabric, fixing the folds at different levels.

In addition, the number of stitching levels and fabric thickness are dependent
δ = n · d · k,
where δ is the thickness of the fabric;
n is the number of weft threads between the flashing levels;
d is the diameter of the thread;
K is the number of flashing levels of the main system.

 The threads of the main system, designed to create folds with lapels, are made of thinner yarn than the threads of other systems.

 In terms of the fabric manufacturing method, the problem is solved due to the fact that by weaving the weft yarns and two main systems, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower lapels, secured by the second main system along the lower lapel using fixing weft yarns, and using a special device that forcibly raises the fold with the lower and upper flaps into a vertical position, according to the invention, the fold obtained by weaving weft threads and warp threads minutes, at the same time raised into a vertical position by needling prior to the subsequent level needling finally secured in vertical position on top flap folds more basic system.

 In addition, individual navoi reels with individual tension of the main threads on them are used as a special device, and the weight of the load brackets depends on the diameter of the threads of the main systems.

 The tension of the threads of the main systems is regulated by the location and number of load staples on the threads.

 An example of a description of the structure of the fabric, for example, eight-layer, for comparison with the prototype.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an eight-layer tissue.

 In FIG. 1a shows a longitudinal section of an eight-layer tissue in a first main repeat.

 In FIG. 1b shows a longitudinal section of an eight-layer tissue in the second main rapport.

 In FIG. 1c shows a longitudinal section of an eight-layer fabric in the third main rapport.

 In FIG. 1d shows a longitudinal section of an eight-layer tissue in the fourth main rapport.

 In FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of an eight-layer fabric.

 To obtain an eight-layer fabric, four main systems are needed: the upper fixing main system - thread 1 (in Fig. 1 and 2 it is designated 1; 1 'in different main rapports), fixing the folds along the upper lapels; flashing the main system - thread 2 (in Figs. 1 and 2 in different main rapports it is marked 2.2 ', 2' ', 2' ''), flashing the folds at different levels and with a certain interval along the width of the fabric; the lower fixing main system is thread 3 (in FIGS. 1 and 2 in different main rapports it is indicated 3 and 3 '), fixing the folds along the lower lapel; folded main system - thread 4 (in Fig. 1 and 2 in different main rapports it is indicated 4 and 4 '); and weft threads, forming a fold when interwoven with the threads of the folded main system in sequential order with the numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ( Fig. 1 and 2). In FIG. Figure 2 shows a cross section of an eight-layer fabric represented divided into the main rapport I, II, III, IV.

 Folds are generated sequentially from the bottom up and in the opposite direction throughout the thickness of the fabric. Rapport of weaving on the basis - 4 threads, rapport of weaving on the weft - 16 threads.

 Weft thread 5 is the first fixing weft. It, interwoven according to the principle of plain weaving with a folded main thread 4 and lower fixing main threads 3, fastens the fold at the lower point and attaches it to the previously developed fabric and begins to form a new rib of the fold, and in the first main repeat (Fig. 1 a; 2 ) the fixing main thread 3 is located above the weft thread 5, and in the second, under the weft thread 5 and is indicated in FIG. 1b; 2 as the main thread 3 '.

 When laying the weft threads 6-11, the fold rib is formed stepwise in horizontal planes, with stitching it in height at various levels. It is carried out as follows. The weft thread 6 is interwoven with plain weave with a folded main thread 4, moreover, in the first main repeat I, the folded main thread 4 is under the weft thread 6 (Fig. 1a and 2), in the second II (in Fig. 1b, and 2 it is marked 4 ' ) - over the weft thread 6, etc. The mutual interweaving of the threads form a section - a step of the crest rib.

 Simultaneously with the formation of the crease rib, it is stitched and attached to a previously prepared multilayer fabric with the main thread 2 of the stitching main system (see Fig. 1 and 1a.). Sewing occurs due to the simultaneous weaving of the weft thread 7 with the thread 4 of the folded base and the main thread 2 of the flashing main system. Moreover, if the thread 4 of the folded warp is interwoven with the weft thread 7, as well as with the weft thread 5 (see Figs. 1a and 2), then the thread 2 of the stitching base is interwoven with the weft thread 7 as follows: in the first main rapport 1, the stitching the main thread 2 lies above the weft thread 7 (in Fig. 1a and 2 it is marked 2), in the second main repeat II, the sewing main thread 2 (in Fig. 1b and 2 marked 2 ') lies under the weft 7, in the main rapport III and IV flashing main thread 2 is not interwoven with weft thread 7, etc. The formation of the 1st stitching level occurs.

 The interaction of the weft threads 8 and 9 with the main threads of the folded base 4 occurs according to the same law as the weft thread 6, which allows you to form the next section-step rib creases.

 The next point of flashing the crease rib with a multilayer fabric is weft thread 10 (Fig. 1B; 1d and 2), which is simultaneously interwoven with thread 4 of the folded base and thread 2 of the flashing base. Moreover, in the first main repeat 1, the thread of the folded base 4 lies under the weft thread 10 (Fig. 2), in the second main rapport, the thread of the folded base 4 (in Fig. 2 is denoted 4 ') lies above the weft thread 10, etc., and thread 2 of the stitching base is interwoven with weft thread 10 in those main rapports in which it is not interwoven with weft thread 7, i.e. in the third main repeat III, the thread 2 of the stitching base (2 '' in Figs. 1c and 2) lies above the weft thread 10, and in the fourth main repeat IV (2 '' 'in Figs. 1d and 2) it lies under the weft 10. The formation of the 2nd stitching level occurs.

 Strong attachment of the crease rib to the multilayer fabric occurs in the upper outer level. This occurs by weaving the weft yarn 12 with the yarn 4 of the folded warp, the main yarns 1 of the upper fixing main system (Fig. 1), and the yarn 4 of the folded warp in the first main repeat I lies under the weft yarn 12 (Fig. 2), in the second Rapport II (in Fig. 2 it is marked 4 ') - above the weft thread 12, etc., and the main thread 1 of the upper fixing main system in the first main rapport I (Fig. 1a; 2) lies above the weft thread 12, in the second main repeat II - lies under the weft thread 12 (Fig. 1B; 2), etc., thereby firmly attaching the edge of the adki to multilayer fabric.

 When laying the weft thread 13 (Fig. 1), the position of the threads 1 of the upper fixing main system changes, i.e. thread 1 is under the weft thread 13 (Fig. 1a), and the main thread 1 'is above the weft thread 13 (Fig. 16). The position of the main thread 4 of the folded system also occurs (Fig. 1a, b), i.e., in the first main repeat 1, the main thread 4 is located above the weft thread 13 (Fig. 1a), in the second (in Fig. 1b it is marked 4 ') - under the weft thread 13, etc. Due to this, the upper fold of the fold is simultaneously fixed and attached to the previously developed multilayer fabric, and the process of forming the next rib of the fold from top to bottom begins.

 When laying the weft threads 14-19, the next step is the formation and attachment of the next rib of the fold. Sewing of this crease rib occurs at the same levels as the previous crease rib. The threads of the flashing system 2 and the thread 4 of the folded base are interwoven with the weft threads 15 at the second flashing level. In this case, the threads of the stitching base change their position relative to the weft to the opposite, i.e. the thread 2 from the upper position relative to the weft 10 goes into the lower position relative to the weft 15. The threads of the stitching base 2 relative to the weft 18 also change their position at the first stitching level.

 When laying the last weft yarn 20, the final fixation of the accumulated fold and its attachment to the previously accumulated tissue takes place. The weft thread 20 is intertwined with a folded warp thread 4 and the lower fixing warp threads 3, which also changed their position relative to the weft thread and moved from the lower position to the upper - thread 3 '; and from the upper position to the lower one, thread 3 (Fig. 1a; 1b). Changing the position of the threads of the upper, lower fixing main systems and the flashing main system allows you to firmly fix the folds, prevents them from sliding back along the threads of the flashing base. Next, the process of forming a fold of tissue is repeated.

 In this fabric structure, the upper and lower fixing main systems are made by two threads that work in four: 1 and 1 '- the upper system, 3 and 3' - the lower system, and the internal flashing main system is made only by one thread - 2, which is distributed in fabric structure in a certain way: vertically - in two stitching levels, horizontally - in four main rapports, i.e. we can say that this thread works one in four and the density of the threads of the stitching base is four times lower than the density of threads in a traditional plain weave. Since the folded main system is formed by one thread that works for two threads, it can be said that the density of threads in the folded main system is two times lower than the density of threads in a traditional plain weave.

 This structure can produce fabric with a thickness of 10 to 60 mm, while the number of warp threads in the flashing system can vary from 1 to 13 (based on the possibility of a loom).

 Thus, comparing with the prototype, we can say that to create a fabric with this structure, it is necessary to have at least four main threads, distributing them into the fabric as described above, ensure constant thickness when exposed to multidirectional loads, lower bulk density with high material strength.

 Depending on the thickness of the fabric of this structure, the number of stitching levels changes, and thereby the number of used main threads of the stitching system changes. In this case, the flashing levels are distributed evenly over the thickness of the fabric.

 In addition, in this structure, the main threads for folding can be used with a smaller diameter (usually two times) than the threads of fixing and stitching main systems.

 Weft threads can be selected of different diameters and different raw materials in accordance with the thickness of the fabric.

 A method of manufacturing a multilayer fabric.

The flow chart of a loom loom is shown in FIG. 3, where:
1. The thread.

 2. A creel with navoi reels.

 3. Guide combs.

 4. The system of rocks.

 5. Rocky reed.

 6. Jacquard machine.

 7. The eyes of galev.

 8. Birdo.

 9. The apron of the loom.

The threading pattern on the creel is shown in FIG. 4, where:
1. The warp thread.

 2. Navoi coil.

 3. Guide comb.

 4. Cargo brackets.

 Fabric manufacture is carried out on special looms equipped with Jacquard machines, allowing individual control of each thread of any of the main systems, which allows to obtain fabrics of complex structure. For this, each main thread is wound on an individual navuo-coil and installed on the horizontal rows of creel, and the coils with the main threads are located on horizontal rows according to the location of the main systems in the fabric structure, i.e. the threads of the upper fixing main system are located on 1 horizontal row of creel, the threads of the stitching main system are on the second horizontal row of creel, the threads of the lower fixing main system are on the third horizontal row of creel, the threads of the folded main system are on the fourth horizontal row of creel. This arrangement of the main threads provides for the simultaneous interlacing of the folded main system threads and the threads of the flashing main system with the weft threads, the stepwise formation of the crease rib, since the sections of the formed crease rib gradually rise from the lower fixing level to the next level of sewing, etc. to the upper level of fixing the folds and vice versa: from the level of stitching to the next level of stitching and the final fixing of the fold by interlacing the fixing weft threads with the threads of the lower fixing main system and the folded main system.

 Navoi reels with warp threads are installed on the creel holders. The thread, reeling from the spool, bends around the guide rod and then sneaks into the comb, the cliff system, rocky reed, eyes of galevs, reeds and is tied to the apron of the loom (Fig. 3). To create tension and compensate for elongation, two cargo brackets are installed on each warp thread (Fig. 4). The first load bracket is mounted on the thread between the spool and the guide bar. It weighs twice as much as the second load bracket, since it is mounted on two branches of the warp thread and serves to maintain the tension of the thread during weaving, and also prevents excess thread from coming off the spool during opening of the pharynx, when the tension increases as much as possible. The second load bracket is mounted on the thread between the bobbin and comb and serves to compensate for the elongation of the thread wound from the bobbin-coil, i.e. cargo bracket, pulling the thread back at the time of surf, pulls it. The increase in the length of the thread wound from the bobbin spool occurs due to the fact that after the maximum tension at the time of shedding, the thread tension decreases at the moment of interruption, when the thread tension weakens to a minimum. The resulting difference between the lengths of the thread is designed to remove the second cargo bracket.

 During weaving, the main threads of different systems can be under different tension. It depends on which threads are intertwined and at what level yawing occurs. The individual arrangement and tension of the main threads allows you to solve this problem.

 In the process of weaving, the formation of such structures occurs using Jacquard machines, which allow you to individually control each main thread, which, for example, allows you to flash the creases of the ribs with a certain horizontal and vertical pitch.

 Jacquard machines are controlled by software perforated cardboard. It is incised in accordance with the pattern of tissue structure.

 Thus, comparing with the prototype, we can say that using individual navoi-reels, tension and control of each thread, when the weft threads are laid in the pharynx, which move vertically from the lower fixing level to the upper fixing level and vice versa, while the fold sections rising from level to level, they are stitched in steps at different levels with a certain step vertically and horizontally, you can get multilayer fabrics of complex structure and desired thickness.

Claims (6)

 1. A multilayer fabric made of weft threads and two systems of warp threads, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower flaps, fastened by the second main system along the lower flap using fixing weft threads, characterized in that for the same the number of threads the fabric additionally contains two main systems, one of which is intended for fastening the folds along the upper lapel with fixing weft threads, and the other for stitching the folds with the main threads, while the same The bobbin main thread is located at different levels along the thickness of the fabric and with a certain interval along the width of the fabric, fixing the folds at different levels. 2. The fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of stitching levels and the thickness of the fabric are dependent
δ = n × d × k,
where δ is the thickness of the fabric;
n is the number of weft threads between the flashing levels;
d is the diameter of the thread;
k is the number of flashing levels of the main system.  3. The fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads of the main system, designed to create folds with lapels, are made of thinner yarn than the threads of other systems.  4. A method of manufacturing a multilayer fabric, carried out by interweaving weft threads and two main systems, one of which serves to create folds with upper and lower flaps, secured by the second main system along the lower flap using fixing weft threads and using a device that forcibly raises the fold with lower and upper lapels in a vertical position, characterized in that the fold obtained by interweaving the weft threads and the main threads, at the same time, they raise it in the vertical noe position by needling prior to the subsequent level needling finally secured in vertical position on top flap folds more basic system.  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as the device forcibly raising the fold, use individual navoi-reels with individual tension of the main threads.  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension of the threads of the main systems is regulated by the location and number of cargo brackets.

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