RU2159901C2 - Rotary heat generating pump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: off-line closed-circuit heat-supply systems and process liquid heating systems. SUBSTANCE: pump has hollow housing with suction pipe for admitting liquid being heated and delivery pipe for conveying hot liquid. Housing accommodates rotor in the form of dual-flow centrifugal impeller with passages over periphery. Arranged concentrically to rotor is stator with passages. Rotor passages are, essentially, round cylindrical Venturi tubes and stator ones are suddenly expanding tubes. Provision is made for reducing rate of water hammers and for ensuring steady cavitation not only in stator passages but also in rotor ones. EFFECT: simplified design. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to designs of heat-generating pumps, which can be used mainly in autonomous closed systems for heat supply of residential, public and industrial buildings, as well as for heating water in hot water supply systems and heating liquids in technological systems.

 The closest technological solution is an ultrasonic activator (patent RU N 2054604 C1 dated 02.20.96), containing two or more working chambers connected in series, in each of which impellers of a centrifugal pump with rotors fixed in the periphery in the form of perforated rings are mounted. Coaxial to the rotors in the housings of the working chambers opposite each rotor is a stator made in the form of a perforated ring. The working chambers are interconnected by means of diffusers. The last working chamber is connected to the first chamber by a circulation circuit.

The disadvantages of the known device are:
large axial loads on bearings;
low-tech assembly, since a one-time simultaneous assembly of the rotor, housing parts, stator parts is required;
the difficulty of ensuring mutual alignment of the mating parts;
the difficulty of ensuring a high density of the device casing with fluctuations in pressure and temperature.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of a simpler device, as well as the intensification of fluid heating by increasing the frequency of hydraulic shocks and providing conditions for the emergence of stable hydrodynamic cavitation not only in the holes of the stator, but also of the rotor.

 The task is achieved in that in a rotary hydraulic shock pump-heat generator, comprising a housing with a nozzle for supplying and a nozzle for draining the fluid, the rotor on the shaft and the stator are concentrically located to each other inside the housing. In the peripheral part of the rotor, in the annular nozzle, the holes are made in the form of external cylindrical venturi nozzles. In the stator, the holes are made expanding towards the body and having the form of suddenly expanding nozzles.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a heat pump, consisting of the following main parts:
1 - hollow body;
2 - stator ring with holes;
3 - a rotor made in the form of a double-flow centrifugal wheel;
4 - rotor shaft;
5 - a rotor ring with holes;
6 - suction nozzles of the pump body of the heat generator.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a heat pump, which additionally shows:
7 - pipe for draining the heated fluid;
8 - suction cavity of the rotor;
9 - pressure regulator.

 In FIG. 3 shows the conditions for the occurrence of hydrodynamic cavitation in the holes of the rotor ring 5 and the stator ring 2 (zone A and zone B) when the holes are aligned.

In FIG. 4 shows the conditions for the occurrence of water hammer in the holes of the rotor ring 5 and the condensation of cavitation bubbles in the holes of the stator ring 2 under the action of excess pressure P ₂ supported by the pressure regulator 9.

In FIG. 5 shows the position of the rings of the rotor and stator at the time of alignment of the holes,
In FIG. 6 shows the position of the rotor and stator when the holes do not match.

The cylindrical shape of the rotor holes provides the formation of hydrodynamic cavitation in zones A (Fig. 3) (similar to a round-cylinder venturi nozzle) if the length of the holes and their diameter are in the range (3.5 ... 4) d≤L _n ≤ (6 .. .7) d, where d is the diameter of the hole, L _n is the length of the hole.

The rotor 3 is equipped with vanes, like a centrifugal pump, designed to communicate the centrifugal force of the heated fluid and provide pressure P ₁ in front of the cylindrical openings.

The pipe 7 for draining the heated liquid is equipped with a pressure regulator 9, which provides a constant pressure P ₂ in the pressure cavity of the heat pump.

 The described heat pump is as follows.

 When the rotor shaft 4 rotates, the heated fluid through the suction pipe 6 of the hollow body 1 (Fig. 1) enters the suction cavity 8 and, divided into two streams, is sent to the rotor 3, made in the form of a double-flow impeller of a centrifugal pump.

 The rotor 3, rotating, acts with the blades on the liquid, discarding it to the peripheral part to the annular nozzle 5 and imparting kinetic energy to the fluid flow.

In the annular nozzle 5 of the rotor, the fluid passes through many cylindrical holes. Possessing high kinetic energy, the fluid flow passing through cylindrical holes forms vortex zones A in them (Fig. 3) with reduced pressure. Not only the whirlpool region A, but also the transit stream within this region is characterized by the presence of vacuum
(H _vac ) max = (0.75 ... 0.8) P ₁ -P ₂ ,
where (H _vac ) max is the maximum vacuum in zone A;
P ₁ - pressure in the impeller in front of the rotor hole;
P ₂ - pressure in the pressure cavity 7.

 With a decrease in pressure in zone A below the pressure of water vapor, water boils intensively, forming cavitation bubbles, and saturates the transit stream with them within this zone. After the passage of zone A in the transit stream, the pressure rises and the cavitation bubbles close, forming the first wave of cavitation shocks that heat the liquid.

 At the moment of alignment of the rotor and stator holes, the liquid passing through the suddenly expanding holes forms zones of reduced pressure in zones B (Fig. 3).

 In the expanded part of the openings of the stator 2, local pressure loss or loss of pressure on expansion occurs.

 At the moment of overlapping of the rotor holes with the side walls of the stator, a sharp increase in pressure occurs along the entire length of the cylindrical holes of the rotor (direct hydraulic shock), which is amplified by the "collapse" of cavitation bubbles in zone A (Fig. 4).

In zone B, a constant overpressure of P ₂ helps the intensive "collapse" of cavitation bubbles.

Cavitation bubbles, at the time of condensation of water vapor, at the time of "collapse" cause local hydraulic shocks, accompanied by high pressure drops up to 1500 ... 2000 kg / cm ² and temperatures of 1000 ... 1500 ^o C.

The energy of a fluid acquired as a result of hydraulic shock, partly goes into heat and is determined by the formula
V • ΔP = V • υ • C • m • Δt,
where V is the volume of fluid flowing through the nozzles, cm ³ ;
ΔP - pressure loss (differential) in the nozzle, kg / cm ² ;
υ is the volumetric weight of the liquid, kg / cm ³ ;
C is the specific heat of the liquid, kcal (kg • deg);
m is the mechanical equivalent of heat, kg • cm ³ / kcal;
Δt = tt ₀ - increase in temperature of the liquid;
t and t ₀ - the desired and initial temperature of the liquid, ^o C.

Для воды υ = 0.001 кг/см³;
C = 1 ккал/кг•град;
m = 42700 кг•см/ккал.In accordance with the above formula

For water, υ = 0.001 kg / cm ³ ;
C = 1 kcal / kg • deg;
m = 42700 kg • cm / kcal.

By varying the flow rate of the flowing fluid, as well as by changing the pressures P ₁ and P ₂ , which, when applying vibrations from hydraulic shocks and cavitation, at a known rotor speed, lead to the emergence of a self-oscillating regime in the hydraulic system.

 From the moment the self-oscillation mode is established, the heating rate of the liquid increases, and the energy consumption on the drive decreases.

 The liquid heated as a result of energy release is displaced to the exhaust pipe 7 (Fig. 2) and, overcoming the resistance of the pressure regulator 9, is sent to the heat consumption system.

 The specified heat pump can be used for heating and hot water supply of residential and industrial premises, as well as for heating liquids in technological processes.

 The use of the proposed pump-heat generator allows you to provide hot water and thermal energy to objects that are remote from the main pipelines, and the environment is not polluted by the combustion products of fossil fuels in places of heat energy production.

List of references
1. T.M. Bashta. "Engineering Hydraulics", M. Engineering, 1971, pp. 44 ... 49, 118, 349, 375, 379 ... 381, 509 ... 512.

 2. L. M. Kurganov, N.F. Fedorov. "Handbook of hydraulic calculations of water supply and sanitation", Leningrad, Stroyizdat, 1973, pp. 56 ... 67, 185 ... 194.

 3. L.I. Bogomolov, K.A. Mikhailov. "Hydraulics", M. Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1972, p. 87 ... 92, 142 ... 150, 398 ... 405.

 4. P.P. Chugaev. "Hydraulics", M. Energy, Leningrad Branch, 1971, p. 14 ... 17, 28 ... 33, 64 ... 74, 85 ... 88, 135 ... 140, 163 .. .167, 277 ... 286, 307 ... 314, 426 ... 436.

Claims (2)

 1. A rotary pump-heat generator having a hollow body with a suction pipe for supplying a heated fluid and a discharge pipe for draining heated fluid, located inside the housing is a rotor in the form of a centrifugal wheel with holes along the periphery and a stator with holes installed coaxially to the rotor, characterized in that the centrifugal wheel is double-threaded, the holes in the rotor are in the form of round-cylinder venturi nozzles, and the holes in the stator are in the form of suddenly expanding nozzles. 2. The rotary heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the length L _{p of the} cylindrical hole in the rotor and its d diameter is dependent on (3.5 ... 4) d ≤ L _p ≤ (6 ... 7) d.

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