RU2157460C2 - Internal combustion engine fuel feed device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines; fuel systems. SUBSTANCE: proposed device has fuel tank connected by outlet with inlet of fuel pump, fuel pump connected by outlet with gas generating chamber, gas generating chamber connected by outlet to gas feeding device, gas feeding device connected by outlet to mixer, air supply device connected through inlet with atmosphere and by outlet with mixer, mixer connected by outlet with combustion chamber space. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is turned into gaseous state before mixing with atmospheric air. Electrodes found in gas generating chamber are connected to engine high voltage circuit. Inlet valve is made for opening at a pressure of liquid at valve inlet equal to pressure of liquid at fuel pump outlet and for closing when this pressure is exceeded. Outlet valve is adjusted for closing at a pressure in chamber equal to fuel pressure at outlet and for opening when this pressure is exceeded. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels turned into gaseous state and ionized by passing through electric arc at no oxygen in chamber. EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption, provision of ecologically clean internal combustion engine. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to internal combustion engines using liquid hydrocarbon fuel (ICE) and can be used in machines and mechanisms that require an external source of mechanical energy.

 From application EP 0053369, IPC F 02 M 31/18, publ. 11/27/1981, there is known a device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines, comprising a fuel tank connected at its outlet to the inlet of the fuel pump, a fuel pump connected at its outlet to the gas generation chamber, a gas generation chamber connected at its outlet to the gas supply apparatus, a device for gas supply, connected by its outlet to the mixer, an air supply device connected by its inlet to the atmosphere, and an outlet with a mixer, a mixer connected by its outlet to the cavity of the combustion chamber , Wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel prior to mixing with the ambient air is transferred into the gaseous state.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are as follows:
1. High fuel consumption;
2. Emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

 The causes of the identified shortcomings lie in the incomplete mixing of fuel with air and the course of the combustion process in conditions of lack of oxygen. In particular, when fuel and atmospheric air are mixed in the combustion chamber, an air-droplet mixture is formed, consisting of molecules that make up atmospheric air and small droplets of fuel, which do not have time to completely transition to the gaseous state during the cycle of the engine. After the initialization of the combustion process, the oxidation of one drop of fuel of air oxygen does not occur immediately throughout the volume, but in layers, starting from the outer layers, i.e., the outer layers of a unit of the air-drop mixture, participating in the combustion process, do not give oxygen access to the inner layers ( Fig. 3). In addition, during the combustion of the outer layers, combustion products are formed, which also impede the access of oxygen to the combustion zone (Fig. 4). As a result of this, fuel combustion occurs with a lack of oxygen, which leads to the formation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide CO, soot and incomplete combustion of fuel, which, accordingly, leads to its excessive consumption.

 The reason for the impossibility of obtaining a technical result is the lack of solutions that allow fuel molecules to interact with oxygen molecules at the same time as the combustion zone spreads over the entire volume of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

 Given the analysis and characteristics of similar technical solutions, we can conclude that the task of creating an environmentally friendly without the release of by-products of the combustion of an internal combustion engine using liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a reduced fuel consumption is relevant today.

 The problem is solved in that the device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines, containing a fuel tank connected to the gas inlet at the outlet of the fuel pump, a fuel pump connected to the gas generation chamber at its outlet, a gas generation chamber connected to the gas supply outlet for supplying gas, connected by its outlet to the mixer, a device for supplying air, connected by its inlet to the atmosphere, and an outlet with a mixer, a mixer, connected by its outlet to by the combustion chamber, and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is mixed into a gaseous state before being mixed with atmospheric air, according to the invention, electrodes connected to the engine’s high voltage network are located in the gasification chamber, an inlet valve configured to open at a liquid pressure at the valve inlet equal to the pressure liquid from the outlet of the fuel pump, and closing when this pressure is exceeded, and an outlet valve configured to close when the pressure in the chamber is equal to the fuel pressure at the outlet, and opening when this pressure is exceeded, moreover, liquid hydrocarbon fuel is converted into a gaseous state and ionized by passing through an electric arc in the absence of oxygen in the chamber.

 The technical result indicated above is achieved by the fact that liquid hydrocarbon fuel immediately before mixing with atmospheric air to prepare the fuel mixture is transferred to a gaseous state and ionized. Thus, instead of an airborne droplet fuel mixture, a mixture of atmospheric air with gaseous ionized fuel is obtained, which leads to uniform mixing of the fuel mixture and the interaction of oxygen molecules with fuel molecules throughout the volume of the fuel mixture during combustion in the combustion chamber.

 The invention is illustrated by the following descriptions and drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the device, FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a gasification chamber; FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the interaction of fuel particles and oxygen during the oxidation process, FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the interaction of fuel particles and oxygen in the combustion process.

A device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines contains (Fig. 1):
a fuel tank 1 connected by its outlet to the fuel pump 2;
a fuel pump 2, connected at its inlet to the fuel tank 1, and at its outlet, to a gasification chamber 3;
a gas chamber 3, connected at its input to the output of the fuel pump 2, and at its output to the input of the gas supply device 4;
a feed device 4 connected at its inlet to a gasification chamber 3, and at its outlet to a mixer 5;
a device for supplying air 6, connected by its inlet to the atmosphere, and by its outlet - with a mixer 5;
a mixer 5, connected at one of its inlets to an air supply device 6, at its other inlet to a gas supply device 4, and with its outlet to a cavity of the combustion chamber 7;
the combustion chamber 7, connected by its cavity to the outlet of the mixer 5.

 As a fuel tank 1, a fuel pump 2, an air supply device 6, a combustion chamber 7, similar systems are used that are installed on an internal combustion engine using liquid fuel.

 As a device for supplying gas 4 and mixer 5, similar systems are used that are installed on internal combustion engines using gas fuel.

 As a gasification chamber 3, a device is used, which is (Fig. 2): inlet valve 8, chamber 3, electrodes 10, outlet valve 11.

 Material for the manufacture of valves 8 and 11 steel or copper alloys, ceramics. Both valves are single-acting, and the inlet valve 8 is configured so that it is open and passes fuel into the chamber at a liquid pressure at the valve inlet equal to the liquid pressure from the fuel pump outlet. When this pressure is exceeded in the chamber, the inlet valve 8 closes, blocking the access of fuel to the chamber. The outlet valve 11 is configured so that it is closed at a pressure in the chamber equal to the fuel pressure at the outlet of the fuel pump. When this pressure in the chamber is exceeded by the calculated value, the outlet valve opens and the contents of the chamber exit the chamber.

 The material for the manufacture of chamber 3 is metal alloys, ceramics.

 The material for the manufacture of electrodes 11 - refractory materials with high electrical conductivity. In this case, the electrodes are isolated from the camera body. The number of pairs of electrodes can be different and depends on the design features of the gasification chamber.

 The proposed device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines works as follows (see Fig. 1).

 Using the fuel pump 2, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel present in the fuel tank 1 is pumped into the gasification chamber 3. In this case, the inlet valve (Fig. 2, item 8) of the gasification chamber is open and freely passes fuel into the chamber, and the outlet valve (Fig. 2, pos. 11) closed. After filling the gasification chamber between the electrodes (Fig. 2, item 10) located inside the gasification chamber 3, a high-voltage discharge is passed from the high voltage network of the internal combustion engine. The parameters of the internal combustion engine high voltage electrical network and the gap between the electrodes in the gasification chamber should be calculated in such a way as to ensure the occurrence of stability of the electric arc between the electrodes through liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Between the electrodes 10 an electric arc arises, under the influence of the temperature of which the liquid fuel goes into a gaseous state. In addition, under the influence of electromagnetic factors of the electric arc, the resulting gas is ionized. The pressure in the gas chamber 3 rises and presses on the inlet 8 and outlet 11 valves, due to which the inlet valve 8 of the gas chamber closes and closes the liquid fuel into the chamber, and the outlet valve 11 opens and releases ionized fuel gas from the gas chamber to the inlet of the device 4 for gas supply. After the gas escapes and the pressure in the gasification chamber 3 decreases, the pressure on the inlet valve 8 of the gasification chamber drops, it opens, accordingly, the outlet valve 11 of the gasification chamber closes, and the cycle is repeated again. An important condition for the operation of the gasification chamber is the need for the absence of oxygen in the chamber during the operation of the system in order to prevent ignition of fuel in the gasification chamber. When the gasification chamber is functioning in the operating mode, atmospheric air access to the chamber is excluded, since the pressure in it is higher than atmospheric, but this is possible during engine start-up. Therefore, when the engine is in starting mode, it is necessary to ensure the initial full filling of the gasification chamber with liquid hydrocarbon fuel. This can be done in various ways, for example, by opening the outlet valve of the gasification chamber before filling it with completely liquid fuel.

 The device for supplying gas 4, based on the cycles of the engine, delivers ionized gaseous fuel in metered doses to the mixer 5, where atmospheric air enters simultaneously through the device for supplying air 6. The gaseous fuel mixes with atmospheric air, and due to the ionization of the fuel gas, the forces of molecular interaction between it and the air increase, which leads to a more uniform distribution of the fuel gas in the fuel mixture.

After mixing the fuel gas with air, the fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber, where the combustion process takes place. In this case, due to the uniform distribution of hydrocarbon fuel molecules and oxygen molecules in the volume of the fuel mixture, complete combustion of the fuel occurs with the release of CO ₂ and H ₂ O - carbon dioxide and water, which achieves the technical result.

 Thus, the proposed device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines can solve the problem of environmental pollution and reduce fuel consumption for internal combustion engines using liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed device does not require significant capital costs for changing the production process for the manufacture of internal combustion engines, because the main parts and components of the engine remained unchanged, it is enough to supplement the existing designs with minor changes.

Claims (1)

 A device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines, comprising a fuel tank connected at its outlet to the inlet of the fuel pump, a fuel pump connected at its outlet to the gas generation chamber, a gas generation chamber connected at its outlet to the gas supply apparatus, and a gas supply apparatus connected to its an outlet to the mixer, an air supply device connected by its inlet to the atmosphere, and an outlet with a mixer, a mixer connected by its outlet to the cavity of the combustion chamber, and liquid Before mixing with atmospheric air, hydrocarbon fuel is converted to a gaseous state, characterized in that electrodes connected to the engine’s high voltage network are located in the gas chamber, and an inlet valve is designed to open when the liquid pressure at the valve inlet is equal to the liquid pressure from the fuel pump outlet , and closing when this pressure is exceeded, and an outlet valve configured to close when the pressure in the chamber is equal to the pressure of the fuel at the outlet, and open when exceeding st pressure, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is converted into the gaseous state and is ionized by passage through an electrical arc at the absence of oxygen in the chamber.

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