RU215563U1 - Modular House Sandwich Panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to the design of sandwich panels with solid insulation, and can be used in the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures. The task is to develop a high-strength sandwich panel that provides ease of installation and tight connection of panels in the construction of modular houses through the use of docking elements formed during the manufacture of the sandwich panels themselves. The problem is solved due to the fact that a sandwich panel containing surface sheathing made of paper-laminated plastic and a central layer of solid insulation located between them, the central layer is made of polyurethane foam (PUR) with a density of at least 45 kg/m ³ , and each of the end surfaces of the panel is made in the form of a tongue-and-groove unit and is equipped with embedded elements in the form of tie-down eccentric locks with a travel mechanism of at least 10 mm, which are located along the perimeter of the panel and are embedded in a layer of polyurethane foam along the long sides of the panel at a distance of 300-600 mm from the corners and 600-800 mm from each other, and on the short sides of the panel - at a distance of 100-200 mm from the corners and 300-500 mm from each other. Buildings built using such panels have high performance characteristics: increased strength of the panels and sufficient density of their connection without additional seals, which prevents the penetration of cold, noise, dust and moisture into the structure.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to the design of sandwich panels with solid insulation, and can be used in the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures.

A well-known design of a sandwich panel of two metal sheets with molded into locking joints and a low-combustible insulation located between them, glued to them from the inside (RF patent No. 66371, IPC E04B 2/00, published 10.09.2007). Expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam is used as a low-combustible insulation in a sandwich panel. In the interlocks formed during the assembly, the protrusions ("ridges") of one sandwich panel enter the grooves of the other sandwich panel.

The TSP building panel is a three-layer glued sandwich panel (RF patent No. 151094, IPC E04C 2/292, published on March 20, 2015), which consists of a heat-insulating layer based on mineral wool located between two metal sheets. The connection of metal sheets with mineral wool is ensured by their gluing on the production line. For connection of panels in the course of installation works the top and bottom locks with open fastening are used. The end sides of the metal sheets of each of the panels are equipped with locking elements: the right panel - with tongues, the left panel - with tongues. On the end sides of each panel facing each other, between the elements (captures) of the locks on the right panel and the elements (protrusions) of the locks on the left panel, there are adhesive-based tapes made of cross-linked polyethylene foam that act as an insulating material, the longitudinal edges of which are glued on the outside to the edges of the corresponding metal sheets.

Known roofing construction panel type "sandwich" (RF patent No. 131401, IPC E04D 11/02, published 20.08.2013). Roof construction panel contains outer and inner skins made of metal sheets, between which a layer of insulation is placed. To connect the panels to each other, clamps located at the ends with fasteners are used. At the same time, along the outer skin made of profiled sheet, the panels are fixed by overlapped extreme corrugations of profiled skin sheets, which are fixed with fasteners. On the inner lining, made of non-profiled sheet, the panel retainer is a tenon-groove lock, while each retainer has a sealant on the inside of one of its elements.

The disadvantages of the known design are its lack of manufacturability and the presence of holes for fasteners in the overlapped extreme corrugations of the sandwich panels.

Locking connection of the “self-locking fold” type (RF patent No. 142725, IPC E04D 3/362, published 06/27/2014), which allows you to fix the outermost corrugations of the outer skin from the profiled metal sheet of adjacent panels. To connect the panels along the inner lining, a protrusion is made on the side of one of the panels, and a corresponding groove is made on the adjacent side of the other panel.

Other types of fasteners for mounting sandwich panels are also known (for example, in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 197665 MPK F16B 5/02, published on May 21, 2020), fasteners for mounting sandwich panels are described in the form of a fastener connected by a threaded connection to the counterpart. In this case, the fastening element and its counterpart are made in the form of mushroom-shaped nuts, the caps of which are made in the form of structural elements for transmitting torque from the tool. Coaxially with the head of each of the nuts, a cylindrical sleeve with a threaded hole is mounted along the central axis of the nut. Moreover, in one of the nuts, the hole is made with a blind, ending in a truncated cone, in the other nut, the hole is made through, inside the bushings of the nuts, metal insert nuts with an internal thread coinciding with the thread of the nuts are mounted. The nuts are connected by means of a stud, on which washers are thrown between the nuts.

Known types of panels, differing in the type of skin. Thus, the patent of the Russian Federation No. 132037 for the utility model "Sandwich panel (options)", IPC B32V 27/00, published on 10.09.2013 (prototype) is known.

A sandwich panel is described that contains two surface layers (skins) and a central layer, the surface layers can be made of polyethylene, polystyrene, monolithic or laminated plastic, paper-laminated plastic and other plastics. Extruded polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) and freely foamed polystyrene (foam plastic) with a density of 15-45 kg/m ³ and a thickness of 4-200 mm can be used as the central layer. Between the surface layers and the core layer, a uniform layer of polyurethane-based adhesive or EVA-based melt is applied. After applying a layer of glue, the surface and central layers are pressed under a pressure of 8 kg/cm ² by cold pressing. The disadvantages of this sandwich panel is its lack of strength and lack of docking elements for use in quickly assembled structures.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to develop a high-strength sandwich panel that provides ease of installation and tight abutment of panels in the construction of modular houses through the use of docking elements formed during the manufacture of the sandwich panels themselves.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a well-known sandwich panel containing surface skins made of paper-laminated plastic and a central layer of solid insulation located between them, according to the utility model, the central layer is made of polyurethane foam (PUR) with a density of at least 45 kg /m ³ , each of the end surfaces of the panel is made in the form of a tongue-and-groove lock and is equipped with embedded elements in the form of tie-down eccentric locks with a travel mechanism of at least 10 mm, which are located along the perimeter of the panel and are embedded in a layer of polyurethane foam along the long sides of the panel on at a distance of 300-600 mm from the corners and 600-800 mm from each other, and on the short sides of the panel at a distance of 100-200 mm from the corners and 300-500 mm from each other.

Sandwich panels of the proposed design are used as load-bearing walls, floors and roofs in the construction of prefabricated modular houses. The end surfaces of the panels are made in the form of a special profile with a "thorn" or "groove" section, which allows the sandwich panels to be joined together during installation. The used tongue-and-groove panel fastening system makes it possible to simplify the assembly process during construction. After assembly, the panels are additionally fastened using eccentric locks located on the end surfaces of the panels along the perimeters at a certain distance from the corners and from each other. At the same time, the optimal values of these distances, indicated above, were experimentally determined, at which a reliable strong connection of the panels is ensured. It was also experimentally established that the eccentric mechanism of the locks must have a stroke of at least 10 mm, which, with a density of the central layer of at least 45 kg/m ^3, allows the panels to be reliably and smoothly pulled together without fear of tearing the locks out of the insulation. Thus, the described design of the inventive sandwich panel with the execution of end surfaces in the form of a tongue-and-groove lock, equipped with built-in tie-down eccentric locks, provides a reliable tight connection of the panels without the formation of "cold bridges" and heat loss inside the houses under construction.

The utility model "Sandwich Panel for Modular Home" is illustrated by the following graphics.

In FIG. 1 - a fragment of a general view of a sandwich panel with a schematic representation of the structure of its design;

in fig. 2 - a photograph (example) of a coupler eccentric lock with a key handle is presented;

in fig. 3 - a diagram of the connection of wall panels to each other along the perimeter of the building (horizontal section);

in fig. 4 - a diagram of the connection of the ceiling and wall panels, as well as the wall panel and the floor panel (vertical section).

Sandwich panel for a modular home (Fig. 1) consists of two surface sheathing 1, 2 made of decorative paper laminate and a central layer of insulation 3 made of polyurethane foam with a density of at least 45 kg/m ³ . Embedded elements in the form of tie-down eccentric locks 4 are mounted in the insulation layer 3 along the perimeter of the panel before it is manufactured. panels - at a distance of 100-200 mm from the corners and 300-500 mm from each other. In this case, each of the end surfaces of the panel is made in the form of docking elements 5 or 6 of the tongue-and-groove joint, which are formed in the process of manufacturing the panel.

Each of the locks 4 (Fig. 2) has a lever hinged in one part of the body with a hook part at the end, the stroke mechanism of which is at least 10 mm. In the reciprocal part of the body of each lock 4, an eye is fixed for gripping with a hook at the moment the lock is closed when the key handle is turned. With further rotation of the handle-key due to the smooth pulling of the mating part of the lock, the panels are pulled together.

In FIG. 3 schematically shows the connection between wall panels, and Fig. 4 - connection of a wall panel with a ceiling panel and with a floor panel.

Modular houses are assembled from lockable sandwich panels 80 mm thick, made with sheathing 1, 2 made of decorative high-pressure paper laminate (DBSP) 3 mm thick and located between the sheathing 1, 2 with an insulating layer 3 made of polyurethane foam (PUR) with a density of at least 45 kg/m³. Installation of sandwich panels is carried out due to the tongue-and-groove system of nodes, formed during the manufacture of panels. The panels are clearly joined to each other in width and height by connecting elements 5, 6 tongue and groove on the end surfaces (Fig. 1). Between themselves, the panels are pulled together with the help of tie-down eccentric locks 4 (Fig. 2), which must be closed by turning the key. When turning the key clockwise, the hook part of each lock 4 grabs the eye of the counterpart of his body and pulls them together. The wall panels tied together (Fig. 3) are similarly attached to the floor and ceiling panels (Fig. 4).

Buildings erected using the proposed sandwich panels are characterized by high performance. Insulation of wall and ceiling panels with polyurethane foam (PUR) with a density of at least 45 kg/m ³ increases the strength of the panels and prevents the penetration of noise, dust and moisture into the structure, providing the desired degree of comfort. A certain shape of the end surfaces, which provides fastening of the panels according to the "thorn-groove" type, makes it possible to significantly simplify the assembly process during construction.

At the same time, additional fastening of the panels along the entire perimeter with the help of tie-down eccentric locks ensures a tight connection of sandwich panels without additional sealing of the joints, which excludes the formation of "cold bridges" and heat loss inside the houses under construction.

In this case, ready-made purchased eccentric locks can be used, for example, type 06ALT152/06ALT15315025 (MTH), Italy (mthrus.ru›katalog/dveri-zapasnyx…p06alt152-15025), or VP700 type locks (Jinan Violet Trade Co.), China (http://cnviolet.com/productshow.php?cid=76&id=73).

Claims (1)

Sandwich panel containing surface skins made of paper-laminated plastic and a central layer of solid insulation located between them, characterized in that the central layer is made of polyurethane foam (PUR) with a density of at least 45 kg/m ³ , each of the end surfaces the panel is made according to the type of a tongue-and-groove assembly and is equipped with embedded elements in the form of tie-down eccentric locks with a travel mechanism of at least 10 mm, which are located along the perimeter of the panel and are mounted in the central layer of polyurethane foam along the long sides of the panel at a distance of 300-600 mm from the corners and 600-800 mm from each other, and on the short sides of the panel - at a distance of 100-200 mm from the corners and 300-500 mm from each other.

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