RU215546U1 - BALANCER OF THE THREE-AXLE TROLLEY OF THE CAR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the designs of three-axle freight railcar bogies, in particular to the design of the middle wheelset balancer.

The technical result achieved by the utility model is the simplification of the manufacture of the balancer and the repair in operation.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the balance beam of the three-axle bogie of the car, which is a steel casting with asymmetrically made end parts closed in the middle part by a cylindrical opening for accommodating the bearing, while in each end part of the balance beam there is an opening for accommodating the side frame of the bogie, limited vertical walls, with holes made in them for connecting the balancer with side frames by means of axles and a horizontal wall with a groove made in it for installing a wear-resistant element that serves as a support for the side frame of the bogie, wear-resistant bushings are installed in the holes of the vertical walls of the opening, wear-resistant bushings according to the utility model are made with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the holes in the vertical walls of the openings and providing free installation of the bushings into the holes, while the bushings are connected to the vertical walls of the openings by punching, performed by pressing the surface the fineness of the vertical walls of the openings into the bushings along their perimeters. 3 fig.

Description

B61F5/52, B61F3/10

BALANCER OF THE THREE-AXLE TROLLEY OF THE CAR

The utility model relates to the designs of three-axle freight railcar bogies, in particular to the design of the middle wheelset balancer.

Known for the design of a three-axle bogie type KVZ-1 [Design of wagons, ed. L.A. Shadura, Moscow, 1962, p. 92, fig. 97], including three wheel sets, four side frames, two bolsters, two longitudinal beams, a pivot beam, two balancers, axle boxes of the middle axle, six axle boxes, four pads of spring sets, eight double-row springs, four friction vibration dampers, a linkage. Four side frames rest on the axle boxes, and they rest directly on the axle boxes of the outer wheelsets, and on the axle boxes of the middle one through balancers. The side frames are connected to balancers - rollers.

The disadvantage of the above design is the increase in resistance to the movement of the bogie on curved sections of the path, associated with the limitation of the angular movements of the side frames at the points of attachment to the balancers of the middle wheelset. During the operation of the bogie, the limitations of the angular movement of the side frames lead to wear of the balancer and side frame attachment points and increase the gaps in the attachment point. Due to this wear, there is a rapid wear of the wheel flanges mounted on the wheelsets of a three-axle bogie, and the wear of the rail heads of the railway tracks.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 213129 for a utility model, a balance beam of a three-axle bogie of a freight railway car is known, which is a steel casting with asymmetrically made end parts closed in the middle part by a cylindrical opening for accommodating a bearing, while each end part of the balance beam has an opening for accommodating the side frame of the bogie , limited by vertical walls, with holes made in them for connecting the balancer to the side frames by means of rollers and a horizontal wall with a groove made in it for installing a wear-resistant element that serves as a support for the side frame of the bogie, while openings for installing the side frame are pressed into the holes of the vertical walls wear resistant bushings.

RF patent No. 213129 is chosen as the closest analogue.

The disadvantage of the balancer according to patent No. 213129 is the complexity of its manufacture during the operation of pressing the bushings. The complexity is due to the fact that the bushings must be pressed into vertical walls located close enough to each other, which significantly complicates the possibility of carrying out the operation of pressing the bushings through the use of mechanisms (presses); in addition, during the pressing process, as a rule, it is necessary to provide a temperature effect on the parts to be joined.

The technical problem solved by the proposed utility model is the elimination of the shortcomings of the known balancers.

The technical result achieved by the utility model is the simplification of the manufacture of the balancer and the repair in operation.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the balance beam of the three-axle bogie of the car, which is a steel casting with asymmetrically made end parts closed in the middle part by a cylindrical opening for accommodating the bearing, while in each end part of the balance beam there is an opening for accommodating the side frame of the bogie, limited vertical walls, with holes made in them for connecting the balancer with side frames by means of axles and a horizontal wall with a groove made in it for installing a wear-resistant element that serves as a support for the side frame of the bogie, wear-resistant bushings are installed in the holes of the vertical walls of the opening, wear-resistant bushings according to the utility model are made with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the holes in the vertical walls of the openings and providing free installation of the bushings into the holes, while the bushings are connected to the vertical walls of the openings by punching, performed by pressing the surface the fineness of the vertical walls of the openings into the bushings along their perimeters.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by figures.

In FIG. 1 shows the claimed balancer front view.

In FIG. 2 shows the claimed balancer side view.

In FIG. 3 shows a sleeve installed in the hole in the wall.

Positions on figures:

1- balancer;

2 - end parts of the balancer;

3 - cylindrical opening;

4 - opening for placement of the side frame;

5 - vertical walls of the opening to accommodate the side frame;

6 - holes;

7 - horizontal wall;

8 - wear-resistant bushings;

9 - punching points.

In the inventive balancer 1 of the three-axle bogie of the car, which is a steel casting with asymmetrically made end parts 2, closed in the middle part by a cylindrical opening 3 for accommodating the bearing, while in each end part 3 of the balancer 1 there is an opening 4 for accommodating the side frame of the bogie, limited by vertical walls 5, with holes 6 made in them for connecting the balancer with side frames by means of axles and a horizontal wall 7 with a groove made in it for installing a wear-resistant element that serves as a support for the side frame of the bogie; wear-resistant bushings 8 are installed in the holes 6 of the vertical walls 5 of the opening. The wear-resistant bushings 8 are made with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the holes 6 in the vertical walls of the openings and providing free installation of the bushings 8 in the holes 6, while the bushings 8 are connected to the vertical walls 5 of the openings by punching 9, made by pressing the surface of the vertical walls 5 of the openings into the bushings 8 along the perimeters of the bushings.

It is known that the permanent connection of parts, in particular bushings in the holes, can be carried out in various ways, for example, by pressing (as in the closest analogue) or punching.

When punching, a part of the surface (part of the material) of one part to be joined is pressed into another. In this case, local plastic deformation of the parts to be joined takes place in the places of punching. The strength of the connection is ensured by the forces of friction between the parts to be connected, as well as due to their interaction in the places of punching according to the "protrusion-groove" principle.

Piercing is the preferred option for a permanent connection in cases where the outer part has thin walls (“Engineering Graphics: Textbook for Higher Educational Institutions”, Vlasov MP, M, Mashinostroenie, 1979, p. 204, p. 73.2).

Bushings 8 are installed in rather thin (in relation to other geometrical parameters of the balancer) walls 5, so the option of fastening bushings 8 in holes 6 is preferable compared to other types of permanent connections.

In addition, the connection of the sleeve with the walls 5 by punching is an easier type of connection to implement compared to pressing the sleeve.

So it is known that pressing, as a result of which the sleeve will be installed in the holes with an interference fit, is provided by compressing the sleeve with the mating surface of the wall, in the hole of which it is necessary to install the sleeve. Those. when pressing the sleeve into the hole, it is necessary to ensure its volumetric compression with the wall material.

As a rule, for this, the sleeve is made with a diameter greater than the diameter of the hole into which the sleeve is to be installed. Then, for the possibility of placing the sleeve in the hole, a thermal effect is performed (for example, by heating the wall, or cooling the sleeve, or both). The installation of the sleeve is carried out by a press.

When connecting the sleeve 8 to the walls 5 by punching, there is no need to make the sleeve 8 with a diameter greater than the diameter of the hole 6. It is enough to make the sleeve 8 with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the hole 6 and free installation in the hole 6 (i.e. landing with a gap). The clearance fit predetermines the possibility of installing the sleeve 8 in the hole 6 without the need for thermal action on the sleeve 8 or wall 5, since the sleeve 8 can be installed in the hole 6 under normal temperature conditions.

The connection of the sleeve 8 with the wall 5 is provided by punching, performed along the perimeter of the sleeve 5, by local impact on the wall 5 around the sleeve 8. Punching is carried out, for example, center punches. This operation can be carried out with a hand tool, or by means of mechanical center punches.

When the bushings 8 are punched, a local external effect is exerted on the surface of the walls 5 along the perimeter of the bushings 8. I.e. when punching, there is no need to carry out volumetric compression of the bushings 8 by the walls 5.

Thus, the claimed utility model makes it possible to simplify the manufacturing process of the balancer by eliminating the need for temperature effects on the parts to be joined, by eliminating the need for volumetric compression of the bushings 8 by the walls 5, through the use of simpler mechanisms.

Claims (1)

The balancer of the three-axle bogie of the car, which is a steel casting with asymmetrically made end parts, closed in the middle part by a cylindrical opening for accommodating the bearing, while each end part of the balancer has an opening for accommodating the side frame of the bogie, limited by vertical walls, with holes made in them for connection of the balancer with the side frames by means of axles and a horizontal wall with a groove made in it for installing a wear-resistant element that serves as a support for the side frame of the bogie, wear-resistant bushings are installed in the holes of the vertical walls of the opening, characterized in that the wear-resistant bushings are made with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the holes in the vertical walls of the openings and providing free installation of the bushings into the holes, while the bushings are connected to the vertical walls of the openings by punching, performed by pressing the surface of the vertical walls of the openings into the bushings along their circumference. awns.

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