RU215405U1 - Dual-Mode Automobile Exhaust Treatment Device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is designed to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter of exhaust gases (EG) of a car engine.

The device has two modes of operation, mode 1 is implemented at a positive ambient temperature, mode 2 - at a negative one.

In mode 1, the exhaust gas flow is passed through the aerosol cleaning chamber 2, filled with a mist of the reducing agent solution, created by spraying through nozzles 1. A hatch 5 is provided in the lower part of the chamber to remove the condensed solution 4.

When the ambient temperature drops and it is impossible to use a liquid reducing agent, mode 2 is implemented - for this, the exhaust gas flow is redirected to the adsorption purification chamber filled with powdered adsorbent 10 by changing the position of the damper 6. The adsorption chamber is equipped with bladed impellers 8, which serve to transfer the adsorbent from the airgel state into the state of aerosol (vortex) and its distribution throughout the volume of the chamber, while the rotation of the impellers occurs due to the energy q of the dynamic pressure of the incoming exhaust gases, which is expressed by the dependence:

where ρ is the density of the gas;

V is the gas flow rate.

A hatch 9 is provided in the chamber for replacing the spent adsorbent when it reaches the saturation state with the adsorbent. For finely porous adsorbents at low values of partial pressures of adsorptives, the maximum possible amount of absorbed adsorptive can be found from the Langmuir isotherm equation:

where a* is the amount of adsorbent absorbed by the adsorbent unit upon reaching the equilibrium state;

- предельное количество адсорбтива, которое может быть поглощено адсорбентом при заполнении всех центров адсорбции на поверхности пор адсорбента;

- the limiting amount of adsorbent that can be absorbed by the adsorbent when all adsorption centers on the surface of adsorbent pores are filled;

b is a coefficient that mainly determines the dependence of the type of Langmuir isotherm on temperature;

p is the partial pressure of the adsorbent in the mixture.

To determine the residual resource of the adsorbent loaded into the chamber, it is proposed to use gas analyzers 7 installed at the inlet and outlet of the chamber. By the difference in the content of toxic impurities in the exhaust gas, recorded at specified time intervals, it is possible to determine the amount of adsorbent absorbed by the adsorbent at the current moment.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The utility model relates to means for cleaning and neutralizing the exhaust gases of car engines and is designed to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter of the exhaust gases of a car engine.

State of the art

Known catalytic converter of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (patent RU 2253021 C2, application 2003112242/06 dated 28.04.2003, publ. and outlet pipes, screens with a catalyst, a bowl filled with metal shavings or wire made of stainless steel, molybdenum or tungsten, and a control ring that regulates the proportion of gas flows passing through various cavities by blocking to a greater or lesser extent the gas outlet holes , and the catalyst is made in the form of porous tablets, porous ceramics or perforated metal tape with catalytically active materials deposited on its surface.

The disadvantage of this converter is the complexity and high costs of its manufacture.

There is a set of equipment for purification and cooling of exhaust gases (patent RU 89625 U1, application 2009127009/22 dated 14.07.2009, published on 10.12.2009, bull. No. 34, Dergachev A.V.) containing an inlet pipe, a swirler, an outlet pipe, housing, catalyst, characterized in that the inlet pipe is located on the catalytic purification module, which is located at an angle of at least 45° to the horizon and is made in the form of a metal housing with baffles located inside, and catalytic blocks are placed in several tiers between the baffles, made in the form honeycomb from metal foil, on which the catalyst layer is applied, in addition, additionally contains an intermediate pipe attached to the catalytic cleaning module and the wet cleaning module, which is made in the form of a cylindrical metal case with a tank located in the lower part with an inclined bottom and nozzles on the tank walls , and in the upper part there is an accelerating chamber made in the form of an Archimedes spiral a, and a coaxially located blade apparatus, consisting of blades and dividing the chamber into two annular cavities, with the blades forming vertical channels tapering towards the center for accelerating the gas flow, and above the blade apparatus at its edge, four tubes are located tangentially in the direction of rotation of the gas flow, in addition, the wet cleaning module contains a separation chamber with a central pipe equipped with a drop ring, internal devices in the form of truncated cones forming coaxial annular chambers separating the tank from the rest of the wet cleaning module, a level sensor is located in the tank cover.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to maintain the operating temperature of the wet cleaning module, which makes it difficult to implement the solution in the Arctic zone at low temperatures.

An exhaust gas treatment system containing a liquid jet atomizer was chosen as a prototype (patent RU 127405 U1, application 2012145416/06 dated 10/25/2012, publ. 04/27/2013, bull. No. 12, Levin M., Shaikh F.Z.), containing a catalytic converter; an injector located upstream of the catalytic converter; and a liquid reductant jet atomizer positioned between the catalyst and the injector and comprising a plurality of horizontal plates of various sizes, the smaller plates being at least partially inserted within the larger plates.

The disadvantage of the system is the complexity of its implementation in climatic zones, which are characterized by low ambient temperatures, due to the need for constant heating of the sprayed liquid at a time when the engine is not running, and also because of the likelihood of freezing of the injected liquid in the system during the initial period of time. engine operation.

Description of the utility model

The proposed device is designed to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter of exhaust gases (EG) of a car engine.

The device has two modes of operation, mode 1 is implemented at a positive ambient temperature, mode 2 - at a negative one.

In mode 1, the exhaust gas flow is passed through the aerosol cleaning chamber 2, filled with a mist of the reducing agent solution, created by spraying through nozzles 1. A hatch 5 is provided in the lower part of the chamber to remove the condensed solution 4.

When the ambient temperature drops and it is impossible to use a liquid reducing agent, mode 2 is implemented - for this, the exhaust gas flow is redirected to the adsorption purification chamber filled with powdered adsorbent 10 by changing the position of the damper 6. The adsorption chamber is equipped with bladed impellers 8, which serve to transfer the adsorbent from the airgel state into the state of aerosol (vortex) and its distribution throughout the volume of the chamber, while the rotation of the impellers occurs due to the energy q of the dynamic pressure of the incoming exhaust gases, which is expressed by the dependence:

where ρ is the density of the gas;

V is the gas flow rate.

A hatch 9 is provided in the chamber for replacing the spent adsorbent when it reaches the saturation state with the adsorbent. For finely porous adsorbents at low values of partial pressures of adsorptives, the maximum possible amount of absorbed adsorptive can be found from the Langmuir isotherm equation:

where a is the amount of adsorbent absorbed by the adsorbent unit upon reaching the equilibrium state;

- предельное количество адсорбтива, которое может быть поглощено адсорбентом при заполнении всех центров адсорбции на поверхности пор адсорбента;

- the limiting amount of adsorbent that can be absorbed by the adsorbent when all adsorption centers on the surface of adsorbent pores are filled;

b is a coefficient that mainly determines the dependence of the type of Langmuir isotherm on temperature;

p is the partial pressure of the adsorbent in the mixture.

To determine the residual resource of the adsorbent loaded into the chamber, it is proposed to use gas analyzers 7 installed at the inlet and outlet of the chamber. By the difference in the content of toxic impurities in the exhaust gas, recorded at specified time intervals, it is possible to determine the amount of adsorbent absorbed by the adsorbent at the current moment.

Brief description of the drawing

The figure 1 shows a diagram of the device. The numbers indicate: 1 - nozzles for supplying the reducing agent solution; 2 - liquid cleaning chamber filled with a mist of liquid reducing agent; 3 - jet of sprayed reducing agent solution; 4 - solution condensate; 5 - hatch for removing solution condensate; 6 - movable damper for redirecting the exhaust gas flow; 7 - gas analyzers; 8 - blade impellers; 9 - hatch for replacing the spent adsorbent; 10 - adsorption purification chamber filled with powdered adsorbent in the aerosol state; 11 - filter to prevent the entrainment of adsorbent particles by the flow of purified exhaust gases; 12 - powdered adsorbent in the airgel state.

Claims (1)

A two-mode vehicle exhaust gas treatment device, characterized by the presence of a movable damper that serves to direct the exhaust gas flow into the liquid reductant aerosol treatment chamber or into the powdered adsorbent treatment chamber, depending on the ambient temperature.

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