RU2150338C1 - Forest crop seed pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic separator has suction fan mounted on frame above settling chamber, and vertical airduct fixed within settling chamber. Perforated gates are positioned in airduct inlet end and baffle is fixed above airduct outlet end. Box for collecting heavy seeds is positioned under frame below airduct inlet opening. Opening in settling chamber side wall is provided with cover. Detachable box for collecting light weight seeds is disposed under side opening of settling chamber. Seed hopper with doser is positioned at other side of frame. Seed guide made in the form of hermetically sealed pipe adjoins with its one end to doser and with its other end is extending into airduct. Union is positioned in seed guide end wall. Union inlet opening is communicated via air pipe with air intake and union outlet opening is oriented toward airduct feeding window. EFFECT: simplified construction and increased efficiency in separating seeds into heavy and light fractions. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the forestry industry, in particular to a device for the separation of forest seeds of conifers by weight, previously bleached and purified from impurities.

 At present, in the forestry industry of Russia, pneumatic separators PLS-5 and SLS-5, manufactured for the TsOKBleskhozmash industry, are used for these purposes.

 For these devices for separating seeds, there is a decision of VNIIGPE dated June 23, 94 on issuing a utility model certificate according to application 93-036436 / 03 (035375) with priority dated July 12, 1993. PLS-5 and SLS-5 are the closest technical solution accepted by the authors for the prototype.

 Analogs are devices described in the patent search certificate.

 The pneumatic separators PLS-5 and SLS-5 are a frame with a fan mounted on top above the sedimentary chamber located inside the frame. Also, an air channel is installed inside the frame, having a bottom for air intake, a top for entering the sediment chamber, and a side for seeds. A reflector is installed above the outlet of the air channel, and a seed tray adjoins the side of the air channel, the seeds on which are sprinkled from the seed hopper mounted on the frame through the slide batcher.

 On the side of the sedimentation chamber is equipped with a hermetically sealed lid, under which a removable box for collecting light seeds is installed. At the bottom of the frame, under the inlet window of the air channel, a box is installed to collect heavy, full seeds, and an adjustment flap is installed on the outlet of the fan.

 The seeds are fed from the hopper through the dispenser to the seed tray by gravity, and the seeds are fed from the tray into the air channel at the PLS-5 using a brush feeder, at the SLS-5 using a vibrator.

 The disadvantages of these pneumatic separators include the design of the feeders, namely: in addition to the additional electric motor (for PLC-5) and the transmission system, the brush quickly breaks down during operation due to sticking of the hairs with resin released from coniferous seeds.

 The installation of a vibrator (for SLS-5) also negatively affects the design, as As a result of vibration, it leads to spontaneous loosening of threaded fasteners, as well as to additional energy consumption and increased noise level during operation.

 Also, the disadvantages of these separators are insufficiently clear separation of seeds into fractions and low productivity.

 The purpose of this proposal is to simplify the design of the pneumatic separator, reduce the cost of its production, improve the quality of the separation of seeds into fractions and increase productivity in general. This goal is achieved by the fact that the seed tray is made in the form of a sealed pipe adjacent to the dispenser, equipped with a nozzle, the outlet of which is directed towards the intake window of the air channel, while the inlet of the nozzle is connected by an air duct to an air intake with adjustable air supply mounted on the fan outlet and at the bottom of the air channel, shutters are installed in the air intake opening, and their planes blocking the air flow are provided with a number of through holes.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed design of the pneumatic separator is characterized by the presence of a sealed pipe for transporting seeds adjacent to the metering unit, equipped with a nozzle, the outlet of which is directed towards the intake window of the air channel, and the inlet of the nozzle is connected to an air intake with an adjustable air supply installed at the outlet fan nozzle.

 Also, the difference lies in the fact that at the inlet of the air channel are installed dampers, the planes of which, blocking the air flow, are equipped with a number of through holes.

 Thus, the claimed design meets the criterion of "novelty."

 A comparison of the claimed technical solution not only with the prototype, and with other technical solutions in this and related fields of technology, allowed to identify known signs.

 So, the implementation of the seed tray in the form of a sealed pipe is a well-known design of all pneumatic ducts for feeding bulk materials, for example for feeding grain in agricultural machines.

 Pneumatic air ducts for supplying a certain volume of air, for example vacuum cleaners (for supplying air), are widely known.

 Moreover, various designs of any dampers blocking the air flow are widely known.

 However, all of the listed well-known technical solutions individually, combined in the proposed design into one technical solution, which allows to simplify the design, reduce the cost of its manufacture, improve the separation of seeds into fractions and increase the productivity of the separation process, allow us to conclude that in this case there is a use known decisions to achieve other goals, i.e. Together, these well-known solutions made it possible to create a less energy-intensive, structurally simple, more convenient for adjusting the air flow and more productive mechanism required by the forestry industry.

 Thus, all the well-known technical solutions, combined together, together allow us to achieve the goal and allow us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a pneumatic separator on the side.

 The pneumatic separator contains a suction fan 1 mounted on top of the frame 2 above the sedimentation chamber 3, in which the air channel 4 is fixed, a reflector 5 is fixed above the outlet, and dampers 6 are installed in the inlet for air intake with through holes in the planes that block the air flow.

 On the side of the sedimentation chamber 3 there is an unloading window closed hermetically by a lid 7, under which a removable box 8 for collecting light seeds is placed. At the bottom of the frame 2 under the inlet of the air channel 4 is a box 9 for collecting heavy seeds.

 On the other side of the frame 4, a seed hopper 10 with a dispenser 11 is fixed, to which is adjacent a seed tray 12 made in the form of a L-shaped pipe, tightly attached to the receiving window of the air channel 4. A fitting 13 is installed in the end wall of the seed tray 12, the outlet of which is directed toward the side of the intake window of the air channel 4, and the inlet is connected by an air duct 14 to an air intake 15 provided with a valve for regulating the flow of air into the seed tray 12 (not shown conventionally in the drawing).

 The air intake 15 is installed in the outlet pipe of the fan 1, which also has a damper 16, which allows you to adjust the speed of the air flow in the air channel 4.

 Electrical equipment is also fixed on the frame: a push-button starter 17 and an electromagnetic starter 18. A dust collector 19 can be installed as an option on the outlet pipe of the fan 1.

 The pneumatic separator works as follows. The pneumatic separator is installed in a room with a positive temperature in a place that allows a free access to the attendants. A dust collector 19 is hung on the outlet pipe of fan 1 as a vacuum cleaner or an air duct that removes dust outside the room.

 A seed bunker 10 is filled with a batch of bleached and cleaned forest seeds of conifers (pine, spruce, larch). The fan 1 turns on, the metering valve 11 opens and the seeds from the seed hopper 10 flow by gravity to the seed tray 12, the vacuum created in it due to the air flow through the air channel 4 and the air supplied through the air duct 14 from the air intake 15 move the seeds to the receiving window of the air channel 4 in which the separation of seeds into heavy (full), falling in box 9 and light (hollow), rising up the air channel 4 and falling in the sedimentary chamber 3, and garbage removed by fan 1 in the dust collector 19.

 In order to ensure a normal separation process, shutters 6 and 16 are used, as well as batcher adjustment 11. By adjusting the shutters, the amount of air sucked into the air channel 4 and exiting from the fan 1 achieves a speed of air flow at which light seeds and garbage dust rise up the air channel 4, and heavy seeds fall down into box 9, and in case of partial or complete blocking of the inlet of the air channel 4 by the shutters 6, the seeds fall into the box 9 through the through-through shutters 6 holes. After emptying the seed hopper 10, the fan 1 is turned off, and light seeds from the sedimentation chamber 3 are poured through the openings through the openings 7 into the box 8. Then the seeds from the boxes 8 and 9 are poured into glass containers for storage and further use in forestry during reforestation .

 At the time of preparation of the application for the invention, one prototype pneumatic separator of the proposed design was manufactured and tested, and during the refinement of the sample, dampers 6 were installed, which made it possible to bring the air flow in the air channel 4 to such an extent that the seeds entering it were in suspension and easily divided into heavy and light fractions.

Claims (1)

 Forest seed pneumatic separator, including a frame with a sedimentary chamber, equipped with an unloading window and a suction fan mounted on top, an air channel inside the frame with an upper outlet opening into the sedimentary chamber and a reflector located above it, as well as an inlet bottom and a side receiving window , a seed hopper with a dispenser and a seed tray placed underneath it, having an exit to the side receiving window of the air channel, removable boxes for collecting seeds, electrical equipment, characterized in that the seed tray is made in the form of a sealed pipe adjacent to the dispenser, equipped with a nozzle, the outlet of which is directed towards the intake window of the air channel, while the inlet of the nozzle is connected by an air duct to an air intake with adjustable air supply mounted on the fan outlet pipe, and at the bottom of the air channel openings for air intake are installed shutters, and their planes overlapping the incoming air flow, equipped with a number of through holes.