RU2149270C1 - Internal combustion engine liquid cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engine cooling systems. SUBSTANCE: cooling system had radiator whose upper tank is connected to engine cooling space, and lower tank, to pump delivering liquid into cooling space, and bypass pipeline. In system one side of bypass pipeline is connected with upper part, and the other, through shutoff member. With lower part of cooling space. Pipeline has drain cock located in its lower part. Compensators of volumetric expansion of water at freezing are placed in engine cooling spaces. These compensators are made in form of large number of member made of volumetric easily compressible material covered by coating impermeable to water. Compensators placed in radiator channels are made cord-like. Upper part of bypass pipeline is located higher than level of cooling liquid in radiator and engine cooling space. Part of bypass pipe line is arranged in upper and lower tanks of radiator. EFFECT: enhanced reliability and convenience of operation of water-cooled engine in winter. 6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and in particular to liquid cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

 Known liquid forced engine cooling system containing a radiator, the lower tank of which is connected to a pump for supplying fluid to the engine cooling cavity, and the exhaust pipe of the cooling cavity is connected through a thermostat to the upper tank of the radiator and a drain pipe connected to the pump inlet cavity (see G. B Zabegalov, EG Roninson "Bulldozers, scrapers, graders", M., Higher School, 1991, pp. 59-61).

 Such a system, when using water as a coolant during winter operation, requires water to be drained before long engine shutdowns and a new refueling before starting, which increases the time to prepare the engine for operation.

 Also known is a cooling system of an internal combustion engine, comprising an engine cooling jacket, a pre-heater with a heat exchanger, a circulation pump, a radiator, a thermostat and a drain pipe, the suction cavity of the pump being connected to a pre-heater heat exchanger, a radiator and a drain pipe, in which a valve for locking the tube is installed during the heating period (see ed. certificate of the USSR N 1027419, class F 01 P 3/00, 1983).

 Such a system allows reducing the time for engine preheating, but is unreliable during operation in winter time, since it also requires draining water during long engine shutdowns.

 The closest analogue of the claimed technical solution is a liquid cooling system of an internal combustion engine containing a radiator, the upper tank of which is connected to the cooling cavities of the engine, and the lower tank, connected by channels to the upper, is connected to the liquid supply pump in the cooling cavity, the radiator being made with a bypass insulated pipe connected on one side to the upper radiator tank through the shutoff element, and on the other side to the liquid distributor, which is installed in the lower the radiator tank in the form of a channel with openings facing upwards (see ed. certificate of the USSR N 1305411, class F 01 P 3/18, 1987).

 In the described system, operational reliability when using water as a coolant is increased, but with prolonged shutdowns of the engine there is a danger of depressurization of the system and its destruction, therefore the system requires draining the water.

 The claimed invention solves the problem of improving the reliability and ease of use of a water-cooled engine in winter without first draining the water from the cooling system before a long shutdown of the engine and pouring water into the system before starting.

 This is achieved by the fact that in a liquid cooling system of an internal combustion engine containing a radiator, the upper tank of which is connected to the cooling cavity, and the lower tank, connected by channels to the upper, to the pump for supplying liquid to the cooling cavity, and the bypass pipe, according to the invention, the latter is connected one side to the upper part of the cooling cavity, and the second side through the locking element to the lower part of the cooling cavity, and is equipped with a drain valve located in the lower part of the bypass pipe, and the cooling cavity and the radiator are equipped with compensators for volume expansion of water during freezing.

 The upper part of the bypass pipe should be located above the water level in the radiator and the cooling cavity.

 Compensators are made in the form of a large number of elements from a voluminous easily compressible material coated with a waterproof shell, and are placed throughout the volume of the radiator and the cooling cavity in the gaps between the walls of the cooled structures, as well as between these walls and the casing.

 In this case, the compensators located in the radiator channels are made cord-shaped.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to increase the reliability and ease of use of engines with water cooling in the winter, because It does not require draining water and pouring it into the system during prolonged shutdowns of the engine, while the deforming forces from the volume expansion of water during freezing are quenched by compensators.

 The drawing shows a cooling system of an internal combustion engine.

 The cooling system includes a radiator 1, the upper tank 2 of which is connected to the cooling cavity 3 of the internal combustion engine 4, and the lower tank 5 is connected to the pump 6 for supplying coolant to the cooling cavity 3. The upper tank 2 of the radiator 1 is in communication with the lower tank 5 by means of channels 7. The system is equipped with a bypass pipe 8, one side of which is connected to the upper part of the cooling cavity 3 in the radiator connection zone, and the second side is connected through the locking element 9 to the lower part of the cooling cavity. The bypass pipe 8 is partially located in the upper 2 and lower 5 of the radiator tank and is equipped with a drain valve 10 located in its lower part.

 The upper part of the bypass pipe must be located above the water level in the radiator and the cooling cavity, or, in another embodiment, equipped with an additional locking element (not shown).

 In the cooling cavity 3: in the gaps between the walls of the cooled structures, between the walls and the casing, throughout the entire volume of the upper 2 and lower 5 tanks and in the channels 7 of the radiator there are a large number of compensators 11 for volumetric expansion of water during freezing, which are made in the form of elements of easily compressible volumetric material coated with a waterproof coating. As such material, foam rubber, latex, sponge rubber, etc. can be selected.

 Compensators can be fixed in the cavities using brackets made in the form of strips fixed to the walls of the cooled structures, the cylinder head and the radiator.

 Compensators located in the channels 7 of the radiator are made in the form of cord-shaped elements 12.

 The cooling system operates as follows.

 After filling the cooling system with water at a positive ambient temperature, the internal combustion engine is started. During its heating and operation, water circulates simultaneously along a large circuit - through a radiator and along a small circuit - through a bypass pipe.

 At minus ambient temperature before a long-term shutdown of the engine, close the shut-off element 9 and open the drain valve 10, drain the water from the bypass pipe 8.

 Since the upper part of the bypass pipe 8 is located above the water level in the radiator and the cooling cavity, an air plug is formed in the upper part and the water will merge only from the bypass pipe. In another embodiment, the upper part of the bypass pipe is provided with an additional locking element, which is closed when the water is drained.

Before starting the engine, close the drain valve 10 and open the shut-off element 9 (and the upper additional shut-off element, if installed), after which the engine is started without turning on the pump. The engine, warming up, melts the ice in the cooling cavity. When the water warms up to 60 ^o C, the pump is turned on and water begins to circulate along the small circuit through the bypass line 8. When the temperature rises, the part of the pipeline located in the upper 2 and lower 5 tanks of the radiator will warm up and ice will begin to melt in the upper 2 and lower 5 tanks , and then in the channels 7 of the radiator. Upon reaching the set temperature, when all the ice has deliberately melted, turn on the liquid supply pump, ensuring the normal operation of the cooling system, and turn on the engine operating mode. When water freezes in the cooling cavity, tanks and radiator channels, the compensators - elements 11 and 12, compressing, perceive deforming forces from volume expansion of water during freezing, thereby protecting the radiator walls, the cylinder block and the cylinder head of the engine from deformation and destruction.

Claims (6)

 1. A liquid cooling system of an internal combustion engine using water as a cooling liquid, comprising a radiator, the upper tank of which is connected to the cooling cavity of the engine, and the lower tank, connected by channels to the upper, is connected to a pump for supplying liquid to the cooling cavity, and a bypass pipe, characterized in that one side of the bypass pipe is connected to the upper part of the cooling cavity, and the second side is connected through a locking element to the lower part of the cooling cavity, and the bypass uboprovod provided with a drain cock situated at the lower part thereof, and the cooling chamber and the radiator are provided with compensators volumetric expansion of water upon freezing.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the bypass pipe is located above the liquid level in the radiator and the engine cooling cavity.  3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the bypass pipe is located in the upper and lower tanks of the radiator.  4. The system according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the compensators are made in the form of a large number of elements from a voluminous easily compressible material coated with a waterproof shell.  5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the compensators for the volume expansion of water during freezing, located in the channels of the radiator, are made cord-shaped.  6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the compensators are placed throughout the volume of the radiator and the cooling cavity in the gaps between the walls of the cooled structures, as well as between these walls and the casing.