RU2147112C1 - Opticoelectronic mark of shooting trainer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms shooting training without usage of ammunition. SUBSTANCE: shooting trainer includes training weapon with trigger mechanism fitted with contact closing electric circuit with pressure on trigger, laser radiator, trainer screen on which light spot is formed by laser radiator, opticoelectronic detector placed opposite screen and incorporating two pairs of stripe diaphragms, focons and photodetectors arranged at angle of 90 deg one relative to another, photocurrent amplifiers, circuits fixing maximum level of signal, analog-to-digital converters, computer and display ( monitor ) demonstrating results of shots. EFFECT: increased precision of measurement of coordinates of hits, diminished time between two subsequent measurements with keeping of mass and size parameters of weapon and with minimal limitation of mobility of trainee. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to targets of shooting simulators for training in shooting and can be used in simulators for teaching techniques and skills of shooting from sports weapons without the use of ammunition.

 A known method of tracking the radiation source [1, 2], based on the use of position-sensitive semiconductor elements. The luminous flux from the radiation source, focused by the lens, causes voltage changes on the collector buses depending on the coordinates of the light spot on the surface of the photodetector.

 The disadvantage of an optoelectronic target based on a semiconductor position-sensitive element is its low accuracy due to non-linear characteristics and temperature instability. In addition, the existing level of production technology did not allow to obtain position-sensitive elements with the required and identical parameters. Therefore, their serial production was not established.

 Known shooting simulator Kudryakova [3], containing a radiation source made in the form of a sector target mounted on a small arms radiation receiver associated with an amplifier and signal processing circuit. The target is made four-sector with an X-shaped arrangement of sectors and modulated radiation of each of its sectors, which makes it possible to extract signals corresponding to target sectors from the general signal at the output of the radiation receiver. The optoelectronic receiver consists of a collecting lens, in the main focus of which a diaphragm with a calibrated hole and a photocell are installed. The magnitude of the extracted signals from each section of the target (amplitude) is directly proportional to the projection of the area of the corresponding sector of the target onto the photocell of the optoelectronic receiver. The shift of the optical axis of the receiver from the center of the target causes a redistribution of the amplitude values, which makes it possible to determine the magnitude of this shift, i.e. coordinates of the guidance point. Sources of measurement are diodes, for example AL107B.

 The disadvantages of this device are: the difficulty of ensuring uniform illumination of the sectors of the target due to the heterogeneity of radiation in different directions, for example, AL107B diodes, especially in the case of large dimensions of the target; due to the heterogeneity of the transmitted target material; the large dimensions of the optoelectronic receiver installed on the weapon, leading to a violation of the mass-dimensional parameters of the training weapon as compared to the combat weapon, a large number of wires connecting the weapon with electronic signal processing devices and restricting the freedom of action of the trained gunner; the difficulty of shielding from electromagnetic fields created during operation, for example, a weapon recoil simulator.

 A known target [4], containing a training weapon with a trigger equipped with a contact that closes the electric circuit when the trigger is pulled, a laser emitter mounted on the muzzle of the weapon, and a television receiver (camera) mounted stationary opposite the screen of the simulator. When you press the trigger on the screen from a laser operating in a pulsed mode, a light spot is formed at the point of impact. Spot coordinates are determined using a camera.

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy due to the low resolution of the camera. The dimensions of the registration field (target) are limited due to the limited angle of the field of view of the camera. An increase in the angle of the field of view leads to an increase in the error (discretization step). In addition, the measurement frequency is equal to the frequency of the vertical scan (50 Hz) and is insufficient for measuring coordinates at the moment of the trigger release of the weapon.

 The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices by creating an optoelectronic target shooting simulator based on serial semiconductor devices with high accuracy of coordinate measurement and short time between adjacent measurements while maintaining weight and size parameters of the weapon and minimizing the mobility of the student when shooting.

 The problem is solved by the fact that four photodetectors are installed stationary opposite the screen, located behind the strip diaphragms and pyramidal focons, which are used to optically amplify the signal and equalize the illumination on the sensitive areas of the photodetectors in order to reduce the effect of sensitivity non-uniformity on the measurement accuracy. The determination of the coordinates of the point of impact is based on the fact that when they change, the magnitudes of the light flux entering the photodetectors through the foci change proportionally.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an optoelectronic target of a shooting simulator. In FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show the basic geometric dimensions for deriving the equations of the target. In FIG. 4 depicts a pyramidal trick. In FIG. 5, 6 show the arrangement of the strip slits of the diaphragm relative to the input ends of the focons for determining the vertical coordinate Y. For the coordinate Z, the scheme is similar and is obtained from the scheme of FIG. 5, 6 by 90 ^° .

The device contains a training weapon 1 with a trigger equipped with a contact closing the electric circuit when the trigger is pressed, a laser emitter 2, a simulator screen 3, on which a light spot 4, an optoelectronic receiver 5, photocurrent amplifiers 6 are formed with a laser emitter 2, circuits fixing the maximum signal level 7, analog-to-digital converters 8, a computer (computer) 9, a device for displaying the results of a shot (monitor) 10 and a laser control unit 11. In FIG. 2, 3, 4 through L indicates the distance from the optoelectronic receiver 5 (band diaphragm 14) to the screen 3; 1 - the distance between the stripe diaphragm 14 and the input window of the foci 13; α is the angle of inclination of the laser beam in a vertical plane; 2h _y , 2h _z - dimensions of the input window of the focon; a, b - dimensions of the output window of the focon. Focons provide the collection of light fluxes on photodetectors installed close to the output windows. Due to the multiple internal reflection from the side walls of the focon, the input rays are distributed relatively evenly along the output end, which can significantly reduce the effect of non-uniformity of sensitivity over the areas of the photodetectors on the accuracy of determining the coordinates. On the arrangement of focons 13 (Fig. 5, 6) to determine the vertical coordinate: 12 - photodetectors (photodiodes); 14 - diaphragm with strip windows H _y • H _z ; 15 - rays from the light spot 4 from the screen 3 in the case of a spot in the center of the screen, 16 - in the case of a spot at the bottom of the screen and 17 - at the top of the screen. From FIG. Figure 6 shows that if the light spot is located in the center of the screen, the light fluxes to the photodetectors are the same, if the light spot moves downward, the light flux to the lower photodetector is proportionally reduced, and at the top, it increases. In the case of a shift of the light spot up - vice versa.

According to the circuit of FIG. 2, 3, the voltage u ₁ at the output of the photodetector is proportional to the illuminated area of the input window of the focon S ₁ , i.e.

Отсюда

Аналогичные зависимости координат светового пятна на экране от отношений разностей напряжений к суммам справедливо для второй пары фотоприемников по координате z.u ₁ = k _y k _d ES ₁ = k _y k _d E • 2h _z (h _y -1 • tgα). (1)
Similarly for the second photodetector
u ₂ = k _y k _d ES ₂ = k _y k _d E • 2h _z (h _y + 1 • tgα). (2)
where k _y are the amplification factors of the photocurrent amplifiers, k _d is the sensitivity coefficient of photodetectors, E is the illumination of the sites. From (1), (2) we have

From here

Similar dependences of the coordinates of the light spot on the screen on the ratio of voltage differences to the sums are valid for the second pair of photodetectors along the z coordinate.

 The device operates as follows. The trainee or trainee (shooter) is aimed at the target displayed on the screen of the simulator 3 by the projection system. When you press the trigger closes an electrical contact and the input of the computer 9 receives the signal "shot fired". In response from the calculator 9, a signal is sent to the laser control unit 11 and the laser 2 emits a short pulse, forming a light spot on the screen 3 at the point of contact 4. The radiation from spot 4 illuminates the areas S1 ... S4 of the input windows of the focons. From the outputs of the photodetectors, the signals go to the amplifiers of the photocurrents 6, and from their outputs to the inputs of the circuits for fixing the maximum values of the signals 7. These amplitude values of the analog signals by digital-to-analog converters 8 are converted into digital form and entered into a calculator 9, in which the coordinates of the guidance point are calculated. The result is displayed on the monitor 10. At the request of the user, the target with the hit points is displayed on the screen of the monitor, the average point of hit for several shots, the dispersion or other parameters adopted in the manual on small business for the corresponding weapon are displayed.

 The proposed optoelectronic target of a shooting simulator built on the basis of serial semiconductor devices has high accuracy and short time between adjacent measurements, it retains the weight and size parameters of the weapon and minimizes the freedom of the learner when shooting.

Sources of information
1. A.S. N 225 331 (USSR). The method of tracking the source of light radiation // V. D. Zotov, G.P. Katys, N.V. Kravtsov, V.B. Shirokov, according to the application N 111298 / 26-25 from 11/14/66. - Bull. N 27, 1968.

 2. A.S. N 213 231 (USSR). The method of tracking the source of light radiation // G. P. Katys, V.D. Zotov, according to the application N 1069106 / 26-25 from 03.24.66. - Bull. N 7, 1969.

 3. Patent N 2060437 C1, cl. F 41 G 3/26 (Russia). Shooting simulator Kudryakova on the application N 92006402/08 from 11.16.92, bull. N 14. 1996.

 4. US patent 4583950 by James E. Schroeder "Light pen marksmanship trainer", Apr. 22, 1986 (prototype).

Claims (1)

Optoelectronic target of a shooting simulator containing a training weapon with a trigger equipped with a contact closing the electric circuit when the trigger is pulled, a laser emitter mounted on the muzzle of the weapon, a screen, a computer, and a device for displaying the results of the shot, characterized in that it is opposite the screen mounted opto-electronic receiver, comprising two pairs of bandpass diaphragms Fauconnier and photodetectors arranged at 90 ^o to each other, the outputs of photodetectors are connected to inputs preamplifier photocurrent outputs are connected to the inputs of circuits fixing the maximum level of the signal coupled to the analog-to-digital converters whose outputs are connected to inputs of the calculator.

Images