RU2146476C1 - Method for increasing liveweight gain of milk calf - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal farming. SUBSTANCE: method involves, upon expiration of prophylaxis period directly prior to milking, introducing feed antibiotics such as bacillichine into milk products for two days in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg/head/day; increasing by twice introduced dose of antibiotics in each two days until dose reaches 1.0-1.1 g/head/day; introducing such dose of antibiotics for two months; adding dose of 1.1-1.5 g/head/day into milk product during the following three months and keeping dose within the range of 1.5-2 g/head/day up to the end of milk period; providing free access of calves to potable water during the whole milk period. Such amounts and pattern of feeding provide for increased liveweight gain. EFFECT: simplified method, increased liveweight gain and improved safety of calves during postmilk period. 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the feeding of farm animals and can be used in cattle breeding for growing milk calves.

 It is known that poor feeding of animals with high genetic growth potential at an early age affects to a greater extent the growth and development of muscle tissue. A direct relationship has been established between indicators of digestion processes and increase in live weight. Therefore, the realization of the genetic potential of high meat productivity of animals must be carried out from an early age, in the formation of the functional systems of the body.

 In solving this problem, provision of the diet with biologically active substances that accelerate metabolism is of no small importance. These substances are in feed antibiotics. In practice, feed antibiotics are used in the diets of post-dairy calves. At the same time, dairy calves are experiencing a critical period of transition from one type of feeding to another and remain defenseless from the pathogenic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

 A method for increasing the gain in live weight in pigs is described (1), which includes the introduction of antibiotic preparations to animal feed, and salinomycin is used as an antibiotic, which is introduced into the feed daily at a rate of 0.02-5 mg / kg of live weight of the animal.

 It is known that, to enhance the growth of animals and birds, antibiotic preparations containing a mixture of mitramycins produced by Streptomyces pilosus NciB 11238 in the amount of 0.00025 - 0.005% by weight of the carrier are administered with liquid or solid feed carriers (2).

 Known animal feed (3), including an additive drug - antibiotics AV 290 with sodium lauryl sulfate in an amount of 0.0005 - 0.004% by weight of the feed.

 The described methods for increasing the gain in live weight suggest the introduction of food containing biologically active substances to animals with a single-chamber stomach, which does not correspond to the type of digestion of milk calves.

 Closest to the claimed invention is a method of improving the digestibility of nutrients of feed by ruminants (4).

 In the described method, salinomycin is used as an antibiotic, added at a dose of 0.02-0.6 mg / kg of live weight during animal fattening.

 In the described method, a prefabricated concentrate - (Premix) by mixing salinomycin or mycelium containing salinomycin with a physiologically compatible solid or liquid carrier is added to a mixture of 2-4 kg / goal. concentrated feed and 16 - 20 kg / goal. corn silage per day.

 However, the described diet recommended for post-dairy calves is contraindicated in dairy calves due to the relatively small digestive tract.

 Therefore, the described methods cannot be mechanically transferred to calves of the dairy period. It should also be borne in mind that lactic acid bacteria predominate in the digestive tract of milk calves.

 Therefore, the arbitrary use of the known method can lead to impaired function of the symbiotic microflora of calves of the milk period and will provoke undesirable consequences, such as an upset gastrointestinal tract, and a decrease in animal productivity.

 It is also impossible to agree with the recommendation to dose feed antibiotics at live weight, since live weight increases with age and, accordingly, the dose of the administered drug should increase. However, this circumstance may lead to a change in the mechanism of action of the feed antibiotic. The drug can acquire therapeutic properties, which is undesirable from both physiological and economic points of view.

 With the introduction of feed antibiotics as part of the premix, one cannot be sure that all biologically active substances will be involved in digestion. There is a possibility that the motor function of the scar evacuates the premix in the abomasum, where the remaining components undergo inactivation by the enzymes of the stomach.

 The invention is aimed at eliminating the noted drawbacks.

 The invention consists in the fact that after the prophylactic period, in the first two days, fodder antibiotics, for example, bacillihin, are introduced into dairy products immediately before the calves are fed, in an amount of 0.05 - 0.2 mg / goal. per day. Subsequently, the administered dose of feed antibiotics is increased twice every two days until the administered dose of 1.0-1.1 g / goal is reached. per day. The specified dose is maintained for two months. In the next three months, the feed antibiotic is dosed at 1.1 - 1.5 g / goal. and until the end of the milky period keep at the level of 1.5 - 2.0 g / goal. Throughout the dairy period, calves provide them with free access to drinking water.

 Compared with the prototype, the new one in the claimed invention is that feed antibiotics are introduced into dairy products immediately before drinking, which allows the development of symbiotic microflora while suppressing pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora and contributes to the earlier formation of the function of the pancreas during the transition to a plant type of feeding.

 The introduction of feed antibiotics into dairy products immediately before the calves are watered avoids the inactivation of biologically active substances when exposed to direct light and oxygen, which is especially important for dairy calves in the formation of cicatricial digestion.

 Also new is the fact that after the prophylactic period, in the first two days, feed antibiotics are introduced into dairy products immediately before drinking in an amount of 0.05 - 0.2 mg / goal. per day, subsequently produce an increase in the administered dose of antibiotics every two days twice until the dose reaches 1.0 - 1.1 g / goal. per day. The sparing regimen of administering feed antibiotics allows you to enable the adaptive mechanisms of the body of milk calves during the transition to new digestive conditions.

 When choosing a dose, it was taken into account that in the first months of life of milk calves, the energy of growth and development of their muscle tissue is high, so the guideline for choosing a dose was not the live weight of milk calves, but the development of their gastrointestinal tract. The proposed dosing system is explained by the fact that the decrease in the number of feed antibiotics is less than the specified lower limits of 1.0 g / goal. per day is impractical, since pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora will become resistant to feed antibiotics. The upper limit of the dosage of feed antibiotics is 1.1 g / goal. per day sets a limit beyond which there may come a change in the mechanism of action of the growth-stimulating effect, which is undesirable, as there will be competition between the symbiotic microflora growing in the rumen and introduced in the composition of feed antibiotics.

 Within two months, the gastrointestinal tract of the calves of the milky period develops, in particular, the volume of the pancreas increases, therefore, it is necessary to introduce feed antibiotics into the diet and increase the lower limit to 1.1 g / goal. per day and, accordingly, the top to 1.5 g / goal per day. The specified dose is maintained for three months, and until the end of the milky period, feed antibiotics are administered in the range of 1.5 - 2.0 g / goal. per day.

 However, in necessary cases, in particular to prevent intoxication of the body with toxins of microbial origin, one can go beyond these boundaries. This will reduce the incidence, waste and increase the productivity of calves of the dairy period.

 The availability of animals with drinking water allows you to create optimal conditions for the flow of biochemical digestion processes.

 The inventive method will allow to increase the productivity of calves of the dairy period. Under optimal conditions for accelerating the gain in live weight of dairy calves, no toxic effects on their body were observed.

 The preferred form of use of the biologically active substance is an additive in the form of a feed antibiotic, for example, bacilliquin, produced in the factory. The choice of bacilliquin is due to the fact that it is active against gram-positive pathogenic microflora. It inhibits its reproduction and prevents the formation of toxic substances. This prevents the upset of the gastrointestinal tract. All feed antibiotics with a similar mechanism of action can be recommended for dairy calves.

 In accordance with the invention, the feed antibiotic is introduced into dairy products, which contributes to the uniform flow of the drug to the animal, in proportion to the milk consumed, the skim milk. Coming with dairy products, feed antibiotics simultaneously pass through the entire thickness of the feed mass and have a positive effect on digestion processes. There is an increase in gain in live weight with a normalized diet of calves of the dairy period. In addition, the use of feed antibiotics in the dairy period can increase the safety of calves by 12 - 14% in the post-dairy period.

 Example 1. The experience of feeding calves of the milk period with a feed antibiotic - bacillihin was carried out with fourteen calves-analogues of black-motley breed with a live weight of 47 - 50 kg. The calves were divided into two groups of seven goals each. The first group served as control. The experimental animals were kept in a typical room and provided with free access to water. The experimental group was injected with the antibiotic bacilliquin with dairy products. The control group of calves was not treated with bacillihin. The duration of the experiment was 181 days. Animals were weighed once a month. The main diet consisted of dairy products and was adjusted monthly taking into account age-related changes occurring in the body of dairy calves. Additionally, sodium chloride was introduced into the diet in the form of coarse-grained powder and chalk according to the norms of VIZh.

 After the prophylactic period, the calves of the experimental group received a feed antibiotic in the first two days, which was introduced into dairy products immediately before drinking in the amount of 0.05 mg per head per day. Then the dose was doubled every two days until it reached 1.0 g per head per day. This dose was kept for two months, after which the dose was increased to 1.1 g per head per day and kept for three months. At the end of the three-month period, the dose of bacilliquin was increased to 1.5 g / goal. per day and asked the indicated amount of antibiotic before the cancellation of dairy products. The results of the experiment are presented in table. 1.

 According to the results of the experiment, it can be judged that the animals of the experimental group possessed high growth energy. Feeding the calves of the dairy period of the feed antibiotic with dairy products led to an increase in the increase in live weight by the end of the dairy period by 26.9 kg, which is 15.9% higher than the control indicators.

 Example 2. The experiment was carried out similarly to the first example. The difference was that they changed the dosage system of feed antibiotics introduced into dairy products.

 Unlike the first example, in the first two days, 0.2 mg / goal was injected into dairy products immediately before drinking. per day, then subsequently carried out an increase in the administered dose of feed antibiotics every two days twice to achieve an administered dose of 1.1 g / goal. per day.

 Similarly to the first example, the amount of feed antibiotics was increased after two months to 1.5 g / goal. per day, after three months, the amount of feed antibiotics was again increased and the dose was adjusted to 2.0 g / goal. per day. This amount of feed antibiotics for calves of the dairy period was obtained before the end of the dairy period.

 Data analysis table. 2 in terms of the increase in live weight of dairy calves, it can be concluded that the animals of the experimental group exceeded their peers of the control group by 29.9 kg by the end of the experiment. The introduction of a feed antibiotic, for example, bacilliquin, into dairy products led to an increase in the live weight gain of dairy calves by 17.8% relative to the control.

 Example 3. The experiment was carried out similarly to the first example. The difference, as in the second example, was that they changed the dosage system of feed antibiotics introduced into dairy products.

 Accordingly, in the first two days, 0.10 mg / goal was introduced into dairy products immediately before drinking. per day, then, as in examples 1 and 2, the administered dose of feed antibiotics was increased twice every two days until the administered dose of 1.05 g / goal was achieved. per day.

 After two months, an increase in feed antibiotics was performed to 1.25 g / goal. per day, then after three months the dose was increased to 1.75 g / goal. per day and asked the given number of feed antibiotics before the cancellation of dairy products.

 The results of the experiment are given in table. 3. The analysis of the data convincingly shows that the animals that received the feed antibiotic by the end of the milk period exceeded their peers in terms of increase in live weight by 29.3 kg, which is 17.5% higher than the control indicators.

 The results of the experiments show that the use of the proposed method for increasing the live weight gain of milk calves allows to mitigate the critical period of transition from one type of feeding of calves of the prophylactic period to another - milk calves, protect from pathogenic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, improve digestion, increase growth rates live weight, reduce calf waste.

Sources of information
1. The patent of Germany N 654150, A 23 K 1/17, 1979.

 2. British patent N 730274, A 23 K 1/17, 1980.

 3. US patent N 674653, A 23 K 1/17, 1979.

 4. The patent of Germany N 695525, A 23 K 1/17, 1979.

Claims (1)

 A method of increasing the live weight gain of dairy calves, including the introduction of a feed antibiotic to the animal feed, characterized in that after the prophylactic period, a feed antibiotic, for example, bacillichin, in the amount of 0.05-0, is introduced into dairy products immediately before drinking. 2 mg / goal. per day, subsequently produce an increase in the administered dose of the feed antibiotic every two days twice until the administered dose is 1.0 - 1.1 g / goal. per day, the specified dose is maintained for two months, after which the dose is increased to 1.1 - 1.5 g / goal. per day and maintained for three months, then until the end of the milky period, the dose was maintained at the level of 1.5 - 2.0 g / goal. per day with free access to water throughout the dairy period.

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