RU214519U1 - OUTPUT CURRENT CONTROL UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the areas of high-voltage apparatus building, electrical engineering and can be used in research and high-voltage test facilities for direct and alternating voltage with a variable type of output current (to obtain high voltage alternating current, direct current of positive and negative polarity). The technical result is the possibility of obtaining a high voltage of alternating current, direct current of positive and negative polarity. In addition, the device implemented by these features is compact in comparison with analogues.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the declared control unit for the output type of current, consisting of an input terminal, which is connected to two keys, characterized in that the control unit for the output type of current is made having a housing inside which a switching unit and a rectification unit are installed, moreover a closing/opening key and a switching key are placed on the switching unit, and two rectifiers of opposite polarity are placed on the rectification unit, and input and output voltage terminals, key control terminals are brought to the outer side of the housing; wherein one contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the input terminal, and the other contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the output terminal; the changeover moving contact of the second switching switch is connected to the input terminal, and the static contacts of the switching switch are connected to the rectifiers; one of the static contacts of the switching switch is connected to the cathode of the first rectifier, the other static contact of the switching switch is connected to the anode of the second rectifier, and the anode of the first rectifier and the cathode of the second rectifier are connected and connected to the output terminal.

Description

The utility model relates to the areas of high-voltage apparatus building, electrical engineering and can be used in research and high-voltage test facilities for direct and alternating voltage with a variable type of output current (to obtain high voltage alternating current, direct current of positive and negative polarity).

Known high-voltage AC/DC converters with controlled polarity, consisting of two transformers and blocks of multipliers.

For example, from SU1775823, publication: 1992.11.15, a high-voltage AC-to-DC converter with controlled polarity is known, containing two channels, each of which consists of a transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to an AC voltage source through the output voltage polarity control unit, and the secondary winding connected to the input of the voltage multiplication unit, two output terminals, one of which is grounded, for connecting the load, a high-voltage voltage divider connected between the output terminals, and a circuit for measuring and stabilizing the output voltage, characterized in that, in order to reduce weight and size and improve measurement accuracy output voltage, the output voltage polarity control unit is made in the form of two transistors, and sources of constant, reference and control voltages, and the emitters of the transistors are combined into a common point, forming a terminal for connecting an alternating voltage source ii, the bases of the transistors are connected respectively to the output of the reference source and the output of the control voltage source, connected by inputs to the output of the DC voltage source, the collector of one transistor is connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer of one channel, the collector of the other transistor is connected to one of the ends of the primary winding of the transformer of the other channel, and the free ends of said primary windings are connected to the output of said DC voltage source, while the unipolar outputs of said channels are connected to each other, and their free other outputs are connected to the corresponding specified output terminals.

From SU1815 772, Publication: 1993.05.15, a polarity controlled high voltage AC/DC converter is known, which consists of two transformers, a voltage multiplication rectifier containing two strings of capacitors connected in series and a string of diodes connected in series, and input and output voltage switches. . The secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the same-named capacitor plates, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the same-named capacitor plates. The middle terminals of these windings are connected through a switch either to a common point or to the output terminal of the converter to which the load is connected. The source of alternating voltage through a switch, depending on the polarity of the output voltage, is connected to the corresponding primary windings of the transformers. The polarity of the output voltage is set by the position of the switches.

The closest analogue is patent RU129317U, publication: 2013.06.20, from which a high-voltage AC-to-DC converter with controlled polarity is known, containing two bipolar conversion channels, each of which consists of a valve cascade generator with resistive-capacitive coupling, a step-up transformer and a measuring resistor, and the outputs of two bipolar cascade generators are interconnected and are the output of a high-voltage converter for connecting a parallel load, two inputs of each cascade generator are connected to the corresponding two outputs of the step-up windings of the transformers, the low-voltage outputs of the step-up windings of the transformer are connected through the corresponding measuring resistors to the common output of the high-voltage converter , characterized in that a controlled source of constant low-voltage voltage and two of the same type of unipolar controlled semiconductor switches are introduced into it h, and the output of the controlled source of constant low voltage voltage is connected to the same terminals of the primary windings of the transformers, the other terminals of the same name of the primary windings of the transformer through the corresponding controlled semiconductor switches are connected to the common output of the controlled source of constant low voltage voltage, combined with the common output of the high-voltage converter, the outputs of the measuring resistors, and also, the output voltage control input of the controlled low-voltage constant voltage source and the control inputs of the corresponding controlled semiconductor switches are connected to an external connector for connecting the high-voltage converter with external monitoring and control hardware.

The technical problems of known designs include the need to use two transformers to obtain positive and negative polarities, and it is not possible to obtain an alternating voltage. In addition, the known technical solutions are cumbersome.

The present solution is based on the task of creating a compact control unit for the output type of current for use in high-voltage technology, which would eliminate the above technical problems.

The technical result is the possibility of obtaining a high voltage of alternating current, direct current of positive and negative polarity. In addition, the device implemented by these features is compact in comparison with analogues.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the declared control unit for the output type of current, consisting of an input terminal, which is connected to two keys, characterized in that the control unit for the output type of current is made having a housing inside which a switching unit and a rectification unit are installed, moreover a closing/opening key and a switching key are placed on the switching unit, and two rectifiers of opposite polarity are placed on the rectification unit, and input and output voltage terminals, key control terminals are brought to the outer side of the housing; wherein, one contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the input terminal, and the other contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the output terminal; the changeover, moving contact of the second switching switch is connected to the input terminal, and the static contacts of the switching switch are connected to the rectifiers; one of the static contacts of the switching switch is connected to the cathode of the first rectifier, the other static contact of the switching switch is connected to the anode of the second rectifier, and the anode of the first rectifier and the cathode of the second rectifier are connected and connected to the output terminal.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 - fig. 13 shows functional diagrams of various options for the control unit for the output type of current.

In FIG. 14 - fig. 16 shows functional diagrams in operating modes for controlling the output type of current.

In FIG. 17 - fig. 19 shows functional diagrams of tests of the control unit of the output type of current.

In FIG. 20 shows a structural block diagram of the control unit for the output type of current.

In FIG. 21 shows a photograph of a prototype control unit for the output type of current, manufactured according to the claimed solution.

On the drawings: 1 - input terminal; 2 - closing / opening key; 3 - dielectric extension cords; 4, 4.1, 4.2 - electromagnets; 5, 5.1, 5.2 - electromagnet outputs (key control terminals); 6 - switching key and its contactors - 6.1, 6.2; 7 - rectifier diode; 8 - rectifier diode of opposite polarity of diode 7; 9 - output terminal; 10 - housing of the control unit for the output type of current; 11 - transformer; 12 - load, 13 - current-limiting resistor; 14, 15 - resistive divider; 16 - terminal for connecting a measuring device; 17 - additional key; 18 - smoothing capacitor; 19 - capacitor output terminal; 20 - switching node; 21 - rectification unit; 22 - laboratory power supply; 23 - digital two-channel oscilloscope; 24 - laboratory autotransformer.

Implementation of the utility model

The claimed output control unit current is made as follows (see example in Fig. 20).

The output current type control unit consists of an input terminal (1), which is connected to two switches (2, 6).

What is new is that one contact of the switching key (2) is connected to the input terminal (1) and the other contact of the switching key (2) is connected to the output terminal (9).

The changeover, moving contact of the second make/break switch (6) is connected to the input terminal (1), and its static contacts are connected to the rectifiers (7, 8).

One of the static contacts of the switching switch (6) is connected to the cathode of the first rectifier, the other static contact is connected to the anode of the second rectifier, the anode of the first rectifier and the cathode of the second rectifier are connected and connected to the output terminal (9).

At the same time, the control unit for the output type of current (see Fig. 20) is made with a housing (10), inside which a switching unit (20) and a rectifier unit (21) are installed.

On the switching unit (20) there is a closing/opening key (2) and a switching key (6), and on the rectifying unit (21) there are two rectifiers (7, 8) of opposite polarity.

The input (1), output (9) voltage terminals and key control terminals (5) are led to the outer side of the housing (10).

The presented circuit works as follows: alternating voltage is applied to the input terminal (1), after which it enters the housing (10) to the switching unit (20), which contains the keys (2 and 6), if the key (2) is in the closed state, then the input voltage is fed to the output (9), so the output is an alternating voltage.

When the key (2) is open, the voltage is supplied to the key (6), which is connected to the rectifier unit (21), and, depending on the position of the key (6), the voltage will go through one of the rectifiers (7 or 8), where these rectifiers form opposite DC voltage polarity. In this case, the outputs of the rectifiers (7 and 8) are connected to the output terminal (9), so that a rectified voltage of positive or negative polarity is obtained at the output.

Examples of a possible implementation of the output current type control unit are presented on the basis of various functional diagrams, the operation of which is described below. For example, the output of a step-up transformer (11) (see the example of Fig. 3) can be connected to the input terminal (1) of the output current type control unit, which is connected to two switches (2, 6) responsible for converting the input voltage. The open/close switch (2) allows you to obtain AC voltage at the output terminal (9) by shunting the switching switch (6) with rectifier diodes (7, 8) in the closed state, or DC voltage while in the open state, breaking the direct connection of the input terminal (1) and output terminal (9), which will allow the AC to go through the switching switch (6) with the rectifier diodes (7, 8). The reversal of the DC voltage polarity is provided by a switching key (6), the contact groups of which are connected to rectifier diodes (7, 8), the outputs of which are connected to the output terminal (9).

As a load (12), test objects can be connected to the output terminal (9) to determine the dielectric strength of the insulation, the maximum leakage current at a given voltage, devices, cable and capacitor products, various products requiring high voltage tests.

The above-described control structure for the output type of current can be operated with air insulation, at relatively low output voltages, or placed in a housing (10) filled with a liquid or gaseous dielectric, with sealed inputs for high-voltage terminals (1, 9) and key control terminals (5 ).

As key control terminals, for example, electromagnet outputs (5.1, 5.2) can be used. Key control terminals can also be made in the form of outputs of coils of electromagnets, relays or direct key drives (dielectric extension cords), driven manually or by means of an electric drive and electromagnets.

To implement the keys (2, 6), relays, high-voltage relays, various designs of switches and contactors can be used to provide the elements shown in the diagram with their functionality.

The closing/breaking key (2) can be normally open or normally closed.

The switching key (6) can be implemented as a switch (see Fig. 3) or as two contactors (6.1, 6.2) (see Fig. 4). Contacts (6.1, 6.2) can be normally closed, normally open, a combination of one normally closed and one normally open. As devices for switching keys (2, 6), electromagnets (4) can be used, the armatures of which are connected through dielectric extension cords (3) to the moving contacts of keys (2, 6).

Cases of electromagnets or other devices that drive the moving contacts of the switches (2, 6) can be grounded or not, depending on the implementation of the switches and the distances to the high-voltage elements of the block. Rectifier diodes (7, 8) can be either single diodes or several diodes connected in series and in parallel, several diodes connected in series with resistors connected in parallel to the diodes.

To limit the current through the transformer in the event of an insulation breakdown of the connected load (12) or in other cases of a sharp increase in current, a current-limiting resistor (13) can be added to the circuit (see examples of Fig. 5 - Fig. 8). The resistor (13) may be located outside the housing (10), (see examples of Fig. 5, Fig. 6), and may be located inside the housing (10), (see examples of Fig. 7, Fig. 8). Resistor (13) can be either one or consist of several resistors connected in series and in parallel.

To control the output voltage, a resistive divider (14, 15) can be built into the block, see fig. 9, with terminals (16) for connecting a measuring device.

Resistors (14, 15) can be either single or assemblies of resistors connected in series and in parallel. Resistors (14,15) can be located both in the block housing (10) and outside it, connecting to the output terminal (9).

If it is necessary to obtain a rectified voltage with minimal ripple at the output of the block, a smoothing capacitor (18), a switch (17), an output terminal of the capacitor (19) are added to the circuit, see Fig. 10 - fig. 11. The smoothing capacitor (18) can be placed both in the block housing (10) (see Fig. 10) and outside it (see Fig. 11).

A resistor (13) can be connected in series with the smoothing capacitor (18), which performs the function of limiting the charging current of the capacitor (18), see Fig. 12.

In some cases, in order to minimize the design and reduce the length of high-voltage buses, the control unit for the output type of current may have a single housing with a high-voltage transformer (11), see Fig. 13. In this case, the input terminal (1) will be the place of connection to the keys (2, 6). With this arrangement, all of the above options for modifying the control unit for the output type of current are applicable.

Obtaining a high voltage with a changing type of current, using the inventive control unit for the output type of current, is carried out due to the fact that an alternating voltage is applied to the input terminal.

In the future, obtaining an alternating current output, either rectified positive or negative polarity, depends on the examples of the operation of the control unit described below.

The control unit of the output kind of current works as follows. AC voltage is supplied to the input terminal (1), in order to obtain AC voltage at the output terminal (9), the key (2) must be in the position connecting the input terminal (1) and the output terminal (9), the position of the key (6) does not matter , fig. fourteen.

To obtain a negative polarity constant voltage at the output terminal, the key (2) must be in such a position that it does not shunt the key (6), the key (6) must be in such a position that the changeover contact is connected to the static contact, which is connected to the cathode rectifier diode, see fig. fifteen.

To obtain a positive polarity DC voltage at the output terminal, the key (2) must be in such a position that it does not shunt the key (6), the key (6) must be in such a position that the changeover contact is connected to the static contact, which is connected to the anode rectifier diode, see fig. 16.

According to the claimed solution, an experimental model of the control unit for the output type of current was made (see Fig. 21). Its small size confirms the compactness of the device in comparison with analogues.

The verification of this technical solution was carried out in laboratory conditions using: a high-voltage transformer (11) for supplying an alternating voltage within the limits of the manufactured control unit for the output current type in the housing (10), a laboratory autotransformer (24) for regulating the voltage of a high-voltage transformer (11), a digital two-channel oscilloscope (23) with high-voltage probes, to control the shape of the input (1) and output voltage (9), high-voltage load resistor (12), high-voltage capacitor (18), laboratory power supply (22) for supplying voltage to electromagnets (4.1, 4.2 ) polarity switches through their respective terminals (5.1, 5.2).

To obtain a variable output voltage, voltage was applied to the terminals of the magnet (5.1) from the power supply (22). The laboratory autotransformer (24) set the primary voltage on the transformer (11) so that the terminal (1) had 10 kV of alternating voltage, while the oscilloscope recorded the identical shape and value of the voltage at the terminals (1, 9), see Fig. .17. The high voltage capacitor (18) has been disconnected.

As a result of the test, the alternating voltage was fixed.

To obtain a constant voltage of negative polarity, voltage was not applied to the terminals (5.1, 5.2) of the electromagnet terminals (4.1, 4.2). The laboratory autotransformer (24) set the primary voltage on the transformer (11) so that there was 10 kV AC voltage at the input terminal (1), while the oscilloscope (23) recorded an AC voltage of 10 kV at the input terminal (1) and a smoothed DC voltage negative polarity 14 kV at the output terminal (9) (see Fig. 18). The high voltage capacitor (18) has been connected.

As a result of the test, a constant voltage of negative polarity was recorded.

To obtain a constant voltage of positive polarity, voltage was applied to the terminals (5.1) of the electromagnet (4.1) from the power supply (22). The laboratory autotransformer (24) set the primary voltage on the transformer (11) so that the terminal (1) had 10 kV of alternating voltage, while the oscilloscope (23) recorded an alternating voltage of 10 kV at the terminal (1) and a constant smoothed voltage of positive polarity 14kV at terminal (9), see fig. 19. The high voltage capacitor (18) has been connected.

As a result of the test, a constant voltage of negative polarity was recorded.

Claims (1)

An output current type control unit, consisting of an input terminal connected to two switches, characterized in that the output current type control unit is made with a housing inside which a switching unit and a rectifier unit are installed, and a closing/opening key and a switching unit are located on the switching unit. a key, and two rectifiers of opposite polarity are located on the rectification unit, and the input and output voltage terminals, key control terminals are brought to the outer side of the housing; wherein one contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the input terminal, and the other contact of the NO/NC switch is connected to the output terminal; the changeover moving contact of the second switching switch is connected to the input terminal, and the static contacts of the switching switch are connected to the rectifiers; one of the static contacts of the switching switch is connected to the cathode of the first rectifier, the other static contact of the switching switch is connected to the anode of the second rectifier, and the anode of the first rectifier and the cathode of the second rectifier are connected and connected to the output terminal.

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