RU2142894C1 - Device for active control of ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding, manufacture of devices for active of ships ensuring maneuvering of ships in crowded ports and mooring at sea. SUBSTANCE: device performs combined functions of motion, control and maneuvering. It includes two propeller and steering columns and control system. Columns are mounted on ship's hull at some distance from each other. Each column is provided with coaxial propellers of opposite rotation and gear train. Nozzle is provided with hydrofoils inclined relative to vertical axis of device. Nozzle is turnable in horizontal plane and is provided with gear wheel engageable with rack of hydraulic cylinder rod. Column is provided with frame and sensors of control system for fixing position of nozzle on frame of column. Device may be made as detachable unit. EFFECT: rational use of energy of propeller wake. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The claimed invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to devices for the active control of a ship. There are various means of active vessel control (ACS) and are widely used on ships as active rudders, thrusters, sliding propulsion-steering rotary columns (VDRK), taxiing wing propellers (see the book by V. D. Kulagin. Theory and design of marine fishing courts. L., Shipbuilding, 1974, S. 332-336). Their widespread adoption is due to economic feasibility, because however, mooring and maneuvering operations can be performed without the use of port tugs. Self-propelled guns create the ability to control the ship in the cramped conditions of the port water area, reduce time and increase the safety of maneuvering.

 A disadvantage of the known devices is the impossibility of placing them on an unsuitable vessel for this, since it is required to modify the hull when installing self-propelled guns. The installation of additional devices on the underwater part of the hull leads to an increase in its resistance, and, consequently, to additional fuel consumption and a decrease in speed.

 Retractable propulsion-steering columns are equipped with a propeller or a screw-nozzle complex, which creates an emphasis, the direction of which can vary in the horizontal plane within 360 degrees (for an analog - see the book above). It is possible to install two feed VDRK or in any part of the hull.

 Various variants of propulsors using the energy of a directed flow of water, the so-called wave propulsors, are also known. For example, the movers of the author Yu. F. Senkin on patents 2031054, 2035356, 20347740, B 63 H 19/02. However, to ensure the operation of these propulsors in conditions of calm or slight waves, the main engine requires low-speed operation, which is associated with increased fuel consumption.

 Vane propellers (Kirsten - Boeing and Voith - Schneider) are also known, which emphasize in any direction in the horizontal plane and allow using them to eliminate the need to have a rudder and a reverse main engine on the vessel. Movers provide high maneuverability of the vessel and are used on port ships and tugboats (see TS Gilmer. Designing a modern ship. L., Shipbuilding, 1974, p. 172-173). These movers combine the functions of movement, control and maneuvering, but are ineffective for high-speed vessels (Kanaev A.A. Energy of the ships of the future. L., Shipbuilding, 1967, p. 86-87).

 Known device as. USSR N 1104056 propulsion and steering complex, containing two propulsion and steering columns located at the ends of the hull of the craft in its diametrical plane, can only have very limited use as a means of maneuvering the ship in open areas, as the inclined extension of the column rods to the working position (to ensure a predetermined depth of the column propellers) significantly increases the total length of the vessel due to the immersed and unobservable parts of the column rods, which complicates maneuvering in narrowness and creates additional prerequisites for navigational damage to the vessel. On the use of the device by A.S. USSR N 1104056 for positioning the vessel (holding it above the drilling point) and translating it into a "non-working" position for the transition there are corresponding links in the description for the specified a. with.

 The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a highly efficient propulsion and control complex for the movement, control and maneuvering of ships, the installation of which does not require refinement of the underwater hull. The technical result achieved in this case is expressed in the creation of sufficient force to move the vessel on the wing of the device, which is in a non-swirling fluid flow created by the discharge part of the device with a low power drive.

 The inventive device contains two propulsion and steering columns, including screws and nozzles. In this case, the columns are placed on the hull at a distance from each other, spaced along the length or width of the vessel. Each column is equipped with counter-rotating coaxial screws, optimized to create an unscrewed flow. The nozzles are made with wings inclined relative to the vertical axis of the device and located at a certain distance from each other.

 In this case, the nozzles are made rotatable in the horizontal plane within 360 degrees and equipped with a gear wheel interacting with the rack on the column cylinder rod. The column is equipped with a frame and sensors of the control system that provides the vessel in any direction with a coordinated rotation of the nozzles of both columns at predetermined angles and fixing them in these positions.

 The device is removable.

 The device combines the functions of movement, control and maneuvering, provides highly efficient and economical movement, control and maneuvering at all speeds (from full speed to low speed, in the open sea or in cramped conditions of the port water area), and can also be used as a highly economical main engine.

 The inventive device can be used as the main mover of the underwater vehicle, providing maneuvering in any direction in space (in horizontal and vertical planes), and when placed in the diametrical plane of the device and equipping the drive of the moving columns with reversible engines, the modes of immersion, ascent and trim on "spot", without the use of a ballast water system.

 The effectiveness of the claimed device is determined by a more rational use of energy to create a driving-driving force. In the inventive device, this force is the transverse (lifting) force of the wing, placed in a non-circular fluid flow created by coaxial screws of opposite rotation, optimized to create a non-twisted flow, and the wings are installed at an angle to the direction of flow and at a certain distance between each other. The value of the transverse force of the wing is many times greater than the force of its drag, as well as the initial force commensurate with it - the emphasis of the screws.

 With equal values of the developed efforts (stops), the power consumed by the claimed device is 2 - 10% of the rated power of the main engine for the corresponding screw propulsion (depending on the speed of the vessel), i.e., the claimed device is able to provide the movement of the vessel in its entire range speeds from a low power drive with a corresponding reduction in fuel consumption.

 The technical effect of the use of the inventive device is ensured by the diversity of two propulsion and steering columns, creating propulsion and control forces.

The following speaker placement options are available:
1 - unilateral placement of columns - placement of columns spaced along the length of the vessel on one side of the board, corresponding to the regime of "super maneuverability";
2 - symmetrical side-by-side placement of columns (spaced along the width of the hull) - placement of columns, one on each side, in the middle or aft of the vessel, corresponding to the "super-range" mode, including adjacent symmetrical on-board placement of columns in the aft end of the vessel;
3 - asymmetric side-by-side (diagonal) column placement - column placement, one on each side of the vessel, one in the stern, the other in the middle of the vessel, corresponding to the "intermediate" mode.

 For two-hull vessels, the option of placing columns in the diametrical plane of the vessel, spaced along its length, is possible.

The inventive device is illustrated using the drawings:
FIG. 1 - a General view of the proposed device in embodiment 1 of the placement of propulsion-steering columns, providing a mode of "super maneuverability",
FIG. 2 - General view of the propulsion-steering column, front view,
FIG. 3 - same side view
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the forces created by the device in embodiment 1 of the column placement, providing a mode of "super-maneuverability" at various positions of the rotary nozzles of the columns.

 The proposed device consists of two identical propulsion-steering columns 1 and the corresponding control system (Fig. Not shown). Drive 3, gear 4, concentric shafts 5 and 6 are mounted on frame 2 of column 1 (see Fig. 2). The hollow shaft 5 is mounted in separable bearings 7 on frame 2 and is equipped with a gear 8 engaged with gear 9 transmission 4. The inner shaft 6 is mounted on bearings 10 inside the hollow shaft 5 and the coupling 11 is connected to the second output shaft of the transmission 4. The free ends of the shafts 5 and 6 are equipped with screws 12 and 13 of the opposite direction of rotation. In the area of the screws 12 and 13, the frame 2 is equipped with a shell 14. The rotary nozzle 15 is mounted in the bearing support 16 of the frame 2 and is equipped with a gear wheel 17 interacting with the rack 18 of the hydraulic cylinder 19. The nozzle is made with wings 20, inclined relative to the axis of the screws and located at a certain distance apart from each other. The value of the angle of inclination of the wings is specified experimentally. On the frame 2 installed sensors of the control system (not shown in Fig.), Fixing the position of the rotary nozzle 15 relative to the frame 2.

 The attachment points of the steering-steering columns 1 in the working position - two special beams 21, are placed on both sides of the vessel, in pairs, in its middle and stern parts. In the stowed position, columns 1 are placed and mounted on the deck of the vessel.

 The device operates as follows (the option 1 of the placement of the propulsion-steering columns 1 is described, which provides the "super-maneuverability" mode, see Fig. 1). With the cargo arrows of the vessel, columns 1 are transferred overboard, to which the vessel will not be moored, and are fastened, one in the middle part and the other in the stern of the vessel into two beams 21.

 When the drive 3 is turned on, the coaxial screws 12 and 13 create a non-swirling water flow in the area of the wings of the rotary nozzle 15, on which the force of the transverse direction is created (relative to the flow inside the column 1). Depending on the location of the wings, the nozzle 15 relative to the diametrical plane of the vessel changes the direction of the driving-controlling (transverse) force.

 The nozzle 15 is rotated to a predetermined position by a hydraulic cylinder 19, on the rod of which a rail 18 is fixed, which is meshed with the gear wheel 17 of the nozzle 15. The position of the nozzle 15 is fixed by the sensors of the control system, which ensures the coordinated rotation of the nozzles of both columns to the given angles and their fixation in this position .

The diagram of the forces created by the device shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the following maneuvers of the vessel:
NN 1, 2 - lag movement
NN 3, 4 - movement back and forth
NN 5, 6 - U-turn on the spot
NN 7, 14 - circulation in forward and reverse gears
N 15 - side movement in an arbitrary direction (designation on the diagram - DK1 and DK2 - steering-steering columns, respectively).

 All options for placing the device columns provide the ability to move the vessel forward and backward and quickly reverse, move the lag and side in any direction, turn in place and circulate, i.e. maneuverable options for the arrangement of the device, with full-turn nozzles of the columns, differ only quantitatively, depending on the distance between the nozzles and their location relative to the center of mass of the vessel.

 The magnitude of the driving-controlling force is made by changing the flow rate (rotational speed of the device screws) - coarse regulation, changing the angle of the wing - precise regulation, and the direction of its action in the horizontal plane - due to the rotation of the nozzle.

 A slight decrease in maneuverability according to the 2nd layout option is compensated by the possibility of increasing the speed to 20-30 knots, stability on the course and range. Options 1 and 3, in addition to "over-maneuverability", also provide an increase in the average speed of the vessel during rough seas due to the low probability of both propulsion and steering columns falling simultaneously into the troughs of the waves.

 An additional, almost 50 percent, increase in the total driving force of the columns is ensured by adjacent symmetrical side-by-side placement of columns in the aft end of the vessel and clearance-free placement of the cheeks of adjacent nozzles (or overlapping of the cheeks by the corresponding fairing). Adjacent wings of adjacent nozzles form single wings of double elongation (compared to the components of the nozzle wings), while maintaining the same total wing area, and changing the flow pattern of a single wing, compared with the original ones (when placed separately), provides the specified increase in the driving force.

 The flexibility of the inventive device is provided by the presence on both sides of the vessel of the attachment points of the steering columns and the execution of the steering columns are removable, i.e. It creates the possibility of applying the optimal layout of the device to perform a specific task.

 The high efficiency of the claimed device allows you to use it as a highly economical main propulsion of the vessel, the additional advantages of which are: increased survivability of the vessel due to the exclusion of cuts in the hull, with the external installation of the columns and their large spacing, protection of the column screws from navigational damage, as well as complicating the detection and identification of the vessel as a target by changing the orientation of the maxima of physical fields of lower intensity created by the device.

 A variation of the use of the inventive device as the main mover for large-tonnage vessels may be to equip it with pairs of propulsion-steering columns for medium tonnage vessels spaced along the length of the vessel (in the 2nd layout option); moreover, when performing part of them in a self-lifting version, the optimal combination of power and agility of the vessel is provided, depending on its load and sea state.

 The implementation of the device is removable ensures its safety in the idle position and the versatility of use on ships of various projects.

 The inventive device improves the efficiency of movement, control and maneuvering of the vessel in the open sea and cramped conditions of the port. The device is economical, easy to replace, does not require completion of the underwater part of the hull to accommodate.

Claims (3)

 1. Device for active control of the vessel, combining the functions of movement, control and maneuvering, containing two propulsion-steering columns and a control system, each of the columns having a drive, screws and nozzles, characterized in that the columns are placed on the hull at a distance from each other other, each column has coaxial screws of opposite rotation and transmission, and nozzles are made with wings inclined relative to the vertical axis of the device.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is made rotatable in the horizontal plane and is equipped with a gear wheel interacting with the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder, while the column is equipped with a frame and control system sensors fixing the position of the nozzle on the column frame.  3. The device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is removable.

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