RU2138994C1 - Chisel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, namely traumatology and orthopedics. SUBSTANCE: chisel has hollow handle, blade with scale, and butt. Flat changeable blade is installed in hollow handle by means of threaded connection. End- face surface of blade bears scale with division of 1 mm. Auxiliary scale with division of 6 mm is applied on hollow handle surface. Auxiliary scale is positioned in that part of handle where moving sleeve is mounted on thread for fixing of preset depth of osteomy. To facilitate visual fixation, sleeve is provided with chamfer on side of blade. EFFECT: reduced traumatism. 1 ex, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to traumatology and orthopedics.

 Known osteotome with a removable blade, consisting of a handle with a snap made in the form of a rectangular bar with a supporting plane and a plate with a flat blade, which allows to reduce the morbidity by maintaining a given depth. (A.S. N 1660688 “Osteotome with a removable blade.” March 6, 89, class A 61 B 17/16, published July 7, 91, BI N 25).

 The disadvantages of this tool.

 Bone is only taken longitudinally.

 The tool does not allow you to change the width and shape of the graft being taken.

 The tool does not allow you to accurately set the depth of the graft to be taken.

Known cutting tool for bone operations, selected as a prototype, containing a handle with channels in which contains a fixed rod having a triangular shaped blade at the end, the operation of the blades provides a removable striker. The osteotome allows the collection of bone grafts on the feeding leg, to form a bone bed of the reciprocal form, to reduce the time and invasiveness of the operation. (A.S. N 1600725 "Cutting tool for bone operations." January 12, 89, class A 61 N 17/16; A 61 B 17/56, published October 10, 1990, BI N 39.)
The disadvantages of the prototype.

 The tool does not allow transverse osteotomy.

 The tool does not allow you to change the shape of the graft being taken.

 A bone is taken along with a muscle leg.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the morbidity of the operation when performing an osteotomy to a certain depth.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the flat blade is installed in the hollow handle using a threaded connection with the possibility of its replacement, on the end surface of the blade a scale is made with a step equal to 1 mm, and an additional scale with a step of 5 mm is applied to the surface of the hollow handle in its part, where a sleeve is mounted on the thread with the possibility of axial movement to fix a predetermined osteotomy depth, and on the blade side, the sleeve has a bevel for better visual fixation of the required size for insertion into the bone during osteotomy.

The novelty of the instrument:
1. The flat blade is installed in the hollow handle using a threaded connection that provides a rigid fixation of the blade to the hollow handle and the ability to change the blade to a different size, which is determined by the width of the required transplant fence.

 2. The scale on the blade with a step of 1 mm allows you to accurately set the depth of the necessary osteotomy.

 3. An additional scale with a step of 5 mm allows you to quickly set the depth of the osteotomy within these parameters ie 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 cm and so on, and the required depth in millimeters is set on a scale on the blade.

 4. The possibility of axial longitudinal movement allows you to set the required depth of the osteotomy, and as a result create the necessary emphasis in the bone during its implementation.

 Figure 1 shows the complete assembly; FIG. 2 - external sleeve; in FIG. 3 - blade.

 The chisel for osteotomy consists of a hollow handle 1, at the opposite ends of which an internal thread 2 is made, at the distal end with a threaded connection, a pick 3 is installed under the percussion instrument when working with the chisel.

 In the hollow handle 1, a flat blade 4 is installed using a threaded connection 2 with the possibility of replacing it with another standard size. From the side of the blade, an external thread 5 is made on the hollow handle, onto which an external sleeve 6 is screwed, making a reciprocating motion along the longitudinal axis of the tube.

 The blade 4 for the bit is made flat with a beveled cutting edge 6 on its wide side 7.

 On the end surface 8 of the blade 4 along the entire length of the made scale 9 with a step equal to 1 mm Along the longitudinal axis of the handle on its outer surface in the part where the sleeve 6 is mounted on the thread with the possibility of axial movement to fix the specified depth of the osteotomy, an additional scale of 10 with a step of 5 mm is made.

 Moreover, one revolution of the sleeve about its axis corresponds to 1 mm, i.e. the movement of the sleeve during its rotation makes it possible to open the blade at a predetermined size necessary for the manipulation of the surgeon.

 For better visual fixation of the required size for insertion into the bone during osteotomy, the sleeve 6 on the blade side has a bevel 11.

 The device operates as follows: after sterilization of the bit before the operation on the operating table, the assembly is performed. At the proximal end of the hollow handle 1, using the internal thread 2, screwed on the threaded connection of the boot 3 and tightly fixed. At the distal end of the hollow handle 1 by screwing on the internal thread 2, a flat blade of the required size is installed (the width of the blade 4 is equal to the diameter of the crossed bone). Then, the outer sleeve 6 is screwed onto the hollow handle 1 along the external thread 5. The degree of winding is determined by the depth to which the osteotomy is to be performed, and is determined on a scale of 10 on the hollow handle 1 in centimeters and in millimeters, respectively, scale 9 on the end surface 8 of the blade 4 along the edge bevel 11, i.e., when rotating (twisting) the sleeve moves in the axial direction and when rotating clockwise, it moves forward, blocking the blade, when rotating in the opposite direction, it moves, opening the blade. After setting all the necessary parameters, which are set by the depth of the necessary osteotomy, the bit is set perpendicular to the bone plane with a beveled edge on the wide side 7 of the blade 4 and, by striking with a hammer on the back of the 3, the bone is cut to the end of the bevel 11 in the cortical bone layer.

 Clinical example. Patient K., 36 years old, right-hander, carpenter, was hospitalized in the clinic 02/12/97. with a diagnosis of Defect 1 of the metacarpal bone of the right hand, 02/14/97. operation performed: Autoplasty of defect 1 of the metacarpal bone with a transplant from the iliac crest, fixation with Kirschner spokes.

 During the audit it was revealed that the defect of the 1 metacarpal bone is 3 cm, the diameter of the bone after resection to the normal bone structure is 1.7 cm. An incision was made in the area of the iliac crest and the bone was selected.

 The bit was assembled on the operating table. At the proximal end of the hollow handle 1, using the internal thread 2, screwed on the threaded connection of the shroud 3 and tightly fixed. At the distal end of the hollow handle 1, a flat blade 4 with a width of 1.7 cm is installed by screwing on the internal thread 2, then an external sleeve 6 is screwed onto the hollow handle 1 along the external thread 5. A distance of 1.5 cm is set on the hollow handle 1 on a scale of 10 and on a scale of 9 on the end surface 8 of the blade 4, another 2 mm is added along the edge of the bevel 11. After setting all the necessary parameters, the bit is set perpendicular to the bone plane with a beveled edge on the wide side 7 of the blade 4 and, by striking with a hammer on the edge of the blade 3, the bone was cut to the end of the bevel 11 in the cortical layer of the bone. Subsequently, the graft was taken with a saw. The graft was transferred to the hand and fixed with Kirschner cross knitting needles.

Claims (1)

 A chisel for osteotomy containing a hollow handle, a blade with a scale and a pick, characterized in that the flat blade is installed in the hollow handle using a threaded connection with the possibility of replacement, a scale is made on the end surface of the blade with a step equal to 1 mm, and an additional scale with 5 mm pitch is deposited on the surface of the hollow handle in its part, where a sleeve is mounted on the thread with the possibility of axial movement to fix the specified osteotomy depth, and on the blade side the sleeve has a bevel for better visual fixation of the necessary o size for implantation in bone with osteotomy.

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