RU2138029C1 - Process determining heat consumption by local consumers who are members of united system of heat consumers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat technology. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to heat technology and can be used to take into account heat consumed by local consumers who are members of united system of heat consumers, for instance, in public utilities to keep account of heat consumed by individual apartment in apartment house. Proposed process determines heat consumption by local consumers who are members of united system of heat consumers and includes determination of heat consumption by united system of heat consumers for specific time of heat transfer by heat source, measurement of temperature difference on surface of heat source of local heat consumer and cooling medium of local heat consumer. Then average coefficient of convective heat transfer is found by united system of heat consumers. This coefficient is used to find heat consumption by local consumer for specific time of convective heat transfer by heat source. Process makes it possible to determine heat consumption by individual apartment in apartment house effectively and inexpensively. EFFECT: effective and inexpensive determination of heat consumption by individual apartment in apartment house. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to heat engineering and can be used to account for heat consumed by a local consumer, which is an integral part of the integrated consumer system, for example, in utilities for metering the heat consumed by a separate apartment in an apartment building.

The method for determining the amount of heat is based on the use of the Newton-Richmann law, according to which
Q = α • S • (T ₁ -T ₂ ) t,
where Q is the amount of heat used by the heat consumer;
α is the heat transfer coefficient;
S is the surface area of the heat transfer of the object;
T ₁ - the surface temperature of the heat transfer object;
T ₂ - temperature of the cooling medium;
t is the time of heat consumption.

 The heat transfer coefficient depends on many factors, therefore, in order to determine it with sufficient accuracy, it is necessary to have complex devices and methods for its determination.

 The well-known "Method for determining the local heat transfer coefficient", a description of the invention to as USSR N 1781563, class G 01 K 17/20, published in BI N 46, 12/15/92 (1).

 The essence of this invention is as follows: they heat the heat flux sensor (DTP), installed in the immediate vicinity of the control object, with current pulses with a repetition period equal to (3 - 20) τ, where τ is the thermal time constant of the sensor.

 At the time t of equality of the temperature of the surface of an accident, the temperature of the surface of an object measures the heat flux, the ambient temperature and the temperature of the accident. The measured values determine the local heat transfer coefficient.

 To determine the heat consumption by the local consumer, in particular in a single apartment in an apartment building and a multi-storey building, as described above by a. with. N 1781563 seems very controversial, since it is very complex; metering device for one apartment will be expensive, therefore, unacceptable.

 In addition, this device cannot give an objective and accurate value of heat consumption, since the vertical routing of heat supply pipes currently used everywhere in Russia in multi-storey residential buildings does not allow for accurate metering of heat consumption in a single apartment.

 Also known is the "Method of local control and metering of heat consumption" Russian patent N 2105958 class. G 01 K 17/00, 17/08, published in BI N 6, 02/27/98 (2).

 The essence of this invention is as follows: the temperature differences of the coolants at the inlet and outlet of the thermal installations are measured, and the levels of signals supplied from the thermal converters are created proportional to the relative nominal thermal capacities of the respective thermal installations, ensuring the proportionality of the total signal level to the total heat energy consumption.

However, the widespread use of this method is not rational for the following reasons:
- due to the high cost of thermal converters;
- an almost unlimited range of types of thermal converters due to the variety of heat-using plants;
- a large number of communication lines connecting the thermocouples to a temperature difference measuring device;
- due to the measurement of the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heating batteries, which is small and can only be taken into account with a sufficiently accurate, and therefore expensive, instrument.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of an effective and inexpensive way to determine the heat consumption in a separate apartment in a multi-apartment and multi-storey residential building.

 The essence of the proposed "Method for determining heat consumption by local consumers included in the integrated system of heat consumers" is as follows.

 To determine the heat consumption, for example, in a single apartment in a multi-storey apartment building with vertical (traditional) or horizontal wiring of heating pipes, first determine the heat consumption throughout the house using a heat meter for the whole house. A home information concentrator (DKI) is connected to the heat meter, which records information on the heat transfer surface area for each apartment in this house. DKI receives data on the temperature difference from the devices of local heat consumers at certain points in time, and the temperature on the heat transfer surface of heating devices (batteries) and the temperature of the cooling medium (air at the floor level in the room) are constantly recorded.

 Knowing the heat consumption by the integrated system of heat consumers for a specific time (according to the readings of the home heat meter), the DKI determines the average heat transfer coefficient from the integrated system of heat consumers. And then, knowing this coefficient, DKI determines the heat consumption for a specific local consumer as the product of the average heat transfer coefficient for the combined system of heat consumers and the heat transfer area of this local consumer, and the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source and the cooling medium of the local consumer, and multiplied by the same time during which the heat consumption was determined by the combined system. Having calculated the amount of heat for each local consumer, the DKI transmits this information to the corresponding metering device of the local consumer with a constant accumulation of information on heat consumption.

 Thus, it is possible to determine the heat consumption for each local consumer that is part of the integrated system of heat consumers.

 The drawing shows a diagram of equipment, for example, an apartment building, with a means of measuring heat consumption in the whole house and for each specific apartment.

 One electronic heat meter is installed throughout the house. In each apartment, an apartment heat meter is installed (or a single device can be installed that takes into account, in addition to heat, the costs of all other energy resources - gas, electricity, hot and cold water), whose task is to measure the temperature difference, store and accumulate information about the consumed heat and exchange data from the DKI.

 In each apartment, temperature sensors are installed uniformly on each battery. All temperature sensors, if there are several batteries in the apartment, are connected in series and connected to the temperature difference meter of the apartment (local) meter.

 To measure the temperature difference at the floor level, another temperature sensor is installed, which is also connected to the apartment meter.

 The proposed "Method for determining heat consumption by local consumers included in the integrated system of heat consumers" is as follows.

Knowing from the heat meter the amount of heat used by the entire integrated system, for example, a multi-apartment multi-storey building at a given moment in time, it is believed that this heat consumption is equal to the sum of the heat consumption in each apartment:
Q = ΣQ _i ,
where, Q is the heat consumption of the integrated consumer system for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source;
Q _i - heat consumption by a local consumer for a specific time; ai = 1 - n, where n is the number of local heat consumers.

где α - средний коэффициент теплоотдачи по объединенной системе потребителей тепла;
S_i - площадь поверхности теплоотдачи теплоисточника локального потребителя тепла;
ΔT_i - разность температур на поверхности теплоисточника локального потребителя тепла и охлаждающей среды локального потребителя тепла;
t - время теплоотдачи теплоисточником.Based on the equality of the heat balance Q = Σ Q _i s determine the average heat transfer coefficient by the combined system of heat consumers according to the formula

where α is the average heat transfer coefficient for the combined system of heat consumers;
S _i is the heat transfer surface area of the heat source of the local heat consumer;
ΔT _i is the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source of the local heat consumer and the cooling medium of the local heat consumer;
t is the heat transfer time by the heat source.

Now, having determined the average heat transfer coefficient by the combined system of heat consumers, on its basis the amount of heat used by each consumer, for example apartment number i, is determined for the same specific time t by the formula
Q _i = α • S _i • ΔT _i • t.
The proposed method for determining heat consumption by local consumers included in the integrated system of heat consumers allows taking into account heat consumption not only in a particular house, but also, for example, in a microdistrict, where the house will act as a local object, and the integrated information concentrator will provide information already in the combined group of houses (microdistrict).

 Literature.

 1. "Method for determining the local heat transfer coefficient", description of the invention to A. with. USSR N 1781563, class G 01 K 17/20, published in BI N 46, 12/15/92

 2. "The method of local control and accounting of heat consumption", description of patent RU N 2105958, class. G 01 K 17/00, 17/08, published in BI N 6, 02.27.98

Claims (1)

The method of determining heat consumption by local consumers included in the integrated system of heat consumers, characterized in that the heat consumption is determined by the integrated system of heat consumers for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source, the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source of the local heat consumer and the cooling medium of the local heat consumer is measured, the average coefficient is determined heat transfer according to the integrated system of heat consumers according to the formula

where α is the average heat transfer coefficient for the combined system of heat consumers;
Q - heat consumption by the integrated consumer system for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source;
S _i is the heat transfer surface area of the heat source of the local heat consumer;
ΔT _i is the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source of the local heat consumer and the cooling medium of the local heat consumer;
t is the heat transfer time by the heat source;
i = 1 - n, where n is the number of local heat consumers,
then determine the heat consumption by the local heat consumer for the same specific time of heat transfer by the heat source according to the formula
Q _i = α • S _i • ΔT _i • t,
where Q _i is the heat consumption by the local consumer for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source.