RU130395U1 - HEAT METER HOUSEHOLD "HEAT METER-2" - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring technique and can be used for high-precision commercial metering of the amount of consumed thermal energy on heating devices of heat supply of domestic engineering heating systems, including in houses with vertical wiring in the conditions of round-the-clock operation. The essence of the utility model is that a household heat meter containing a heat meter enclosed in a plastic case, in order to improve the device while maintaining low cost, protect the device from external influences and manipulations, as well as ensure the possibility of using the device in a “separate apartment”, regardless from the other residents of the apartment building, it is equipped with three NTC-0.2 33K temperature sensors with a measurement error of not more than ± 0.1 ° C, calibrated in the factory, at Ohm, one temperature sensor is enclosed in the body of the heat meter and is designed to measure the temperature of the air in the room, and two other temperature sensors are connected to the heat meter by means of energy-saving signal wires, they are used to measure the temperature from the surface of the "supply" and "return" pipelines of the heater and are one-sided under the diameter of the pipeline with overhead type sensors; in this case, the fixation of temperature sensors with the pipeline is ensured by a rigid plastic case with thermal insulation, which is fastened with locks, latches, or screws and sealed to protect against external influences; at the same time, the coolant flow meter is excluded from the device; the device is equipped with an IRDA interface for optical reading of information and device configuration, as well as an 8-bit LCD display for displaying data; wherein the collection and storage of data provides the memory unit 1 EEPROM; the configuration of the device is carried out at the installation site of the heat meter using a computer with preinstalled special software and an optical head for connecting the heat meter to the computer via the IRDA interface; at the same time, the heat meter determines the consumed amount of heat energy, using the heat-technical characteristics of the heater and measurements of temperature sensors introduced during configuration, according to the formula:

P _{Ges. =} (P _HK + P _Rohr )

Where:

T _V - temperature of the supply pipe [° C]

T _R - return temperature [° C]

T _Luft - room temperature [° C]

P _Ges - total power consumption [W]

P _NK - heating power of the heater [W]

P _Rohr - thermal power of pipelines [W]

P _Norm - normalized heat output of the heater [W]

49.83 - average logarithmic temperature under normalized conditions, normalized conditions = 75 | 65 | 20 [° C]

75 = feed temperature T _V

65 = return temperature, T _R

20 = room temperature T _Luft

C = heat transfer coefficient

A = surface area of pipelines [m ² ]

n = exponent of the power curve of various types of heating appliances, according to the manufacturer

Total energy consumption is:

Where:

t is the measurement time

n is the number of measurements.

7 n.p. f-ly; 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to measuring technique and can be used for high-precision commercial metering of the amount of consumed thermal energy on heating devices of heat supply of domestic engineering heating systems, including in houses with vertical wiring in the conditions of round-the-clock operation.

Known heat meter containing a heat meter - the main component of the meter, served by two temperature sensors (resistance thermometers) and a primary transducer (flow meter). The heat meter carries out all calculations for heat consumption and has the ability to transmit them over a distance, for example, to a central metering station. The sensors determine the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit, and the primary converter measures the flow of heat carrier. Calculation of consumed heat Q is carried out according to the formula: Q = G (h ₁ -h ₂ ), where G is the coolant flow rate: (h ₁ -h ₂ ) is the difference in the enthalpies of water in the supply and return pipelines (see, for example, the article “Accounting heat. Devices and their use ", the journal" Aqua-term ", November 2002) [1].

This known device [1] has a low measurement accuracy due to the use in its design of an outdated element base. The installation of the known device [1] is an expensive and complicated procedure due to the need to “tune” temperature sensors and a primary transducer (flow meter) into the pipeline. Moreover, the measurement accuracy of the known device [1] is dependent on the quality of the coolant. So, the presence of various mechanical impurities in the coolant requires the installation of additional filters and sumps; the presence of dissolved iron in water can lead to a significant increase in the measurement error, and if there is fuel oil in the water, the device may fail at all, since its functional elements are in direct contact with the coolant.

In addition, temperature sensors embedded in an existing heating system and a primary transducer (flow meter) can change the hydraulic characteristics of the system, which, in turn, can lead to an imbalance in the heating system of the building as a whole.

In addition, an ultrasonic heat meter with surface mounted sensors DMTF-BH, manufactured by DYNAMETERS (China), is known, which contains a heat meter, a set of surface mounted ultrasonic sensors, a set of surface temperature sensors PT100 (or PT1000) and quick-release stainless steel clamps that can simultaneously calculate and mass and heat flow rate of the liquid (see, for example, information on the Internet at: http://www.dynameters.ru/dmhf.htm) [2].

The known device [2] is devoid of many disadvantages of the known heat meter [1], since it can be installed in a matter of minutes, without “tapping” into the pipeline, a modern element base is used in the design, and the measurement accuracy does not depend on the quality of the coolant. However, the known device [2] can only be used as a common house meter in an apartment building or at industrial facilities, but is not applicable for accounting for heat in individual apartments of residential buildings and in individual residential buildings, since it is extremely expensive equipment and its use for a separate apartment or for a private house is not economically feasible.

Another disadvantage of the known device [2] is the insufficient thermal insulation of surface sensors using silicone gel and stainless steel clamps, which can lead to additional errors in the calculation of the device.

Also widely known are radiator heat energy distributors (proportionalizers), the principle of which is to register the average surface temperature of the heater and the air temperature in the room, find the difference of these temperatures and integrate it over time. Registration of the average surface temperature of the radiator or convector is provided by installing a distributor at a strictly defined point on the surface. The correction for the dimensions and power of the radiator, as well as for the contact of temperature sensors with the surface of the radiator and the air in the room, is made by multiplying the readings of the device by the radiator coefficient. As a result of such measurements, a certain value in arbitrary units is fixed for each room in the house, which is proportional to the actual heat consumption in the room. Then, the entire amount of the cost of heat consumed by this residential property is distributed among the residents in proportion to the conventional units of consumption in their apartments. The total amount of heat costs is determined in this system using a common house heat meter (see, for example, the article “Apartment metering and heat control: a review of existing equipment and metering methods”, Energy Saving magazine, 2003 No. 2) [3].

The known devices [3], as well as the known device [2], are free from the disadvantages of the known heat meter [1], since they are installed without “tapping” into the pipeline, a modern element base is used in the design, and the measurement accuracy does not depend on quality coolant. Moreover, the known devices [3] can be successfully used for apartment heat metering, since their cost is available for most consumers, however, the known devices [3] cannot be installed in a single apartment — these devices are part of a system that can only be installed on the whole house as a whole. In addition, the radiator heat energy distributors [3] due to their design features do not register the heat of the heating "risers" in the apartment, and the residents do not see the amount of heat consumed by them directly on the device screen [3] - this value can only be found from the bill printout , which comes to the tenant after taking readings and recalculating payments. Also, in known devices [3], a system for protecting temperature sensors from external influences is not thought out.

Radiator heat energy distributors (proportionality) [3] are the closest analogues of the proposed device.

The task to which the proposed utility model is directed is to improve the device while maintaining a low cost, to protect the device from external influences and manipulations, as well as to ensure the possibility of using the device in a "separate apartment", regardless of the other residents of the apartment building.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to improve the device while maintaining a low cost, protect the device from external influences and manipulations, as well as provide the possibility of using the device in a "separate apartment", regardless of the other residents of the apartment building.

The above technical result is achieved due to the fact that a household heat meter containing a heat meter enclosed in a plastic case, according to the proposal, is equipped with three NTC-0.2 33K temperature sensors with a measurement error of not more than ± 0.1 ° C, calibrated in the factory, however, one temperature sensor is enclosed in the body of the heat meter and is designed to measure the temperature of the air in the room, and two other temperature sensors are designed to measure temperature from the surface of the "supply" and "about of the heating system’s pipelines, they are unilaterally concave under the diameter of the pipeline and are of overhead type sensors, connected to the heat meter by means of energy-saving signal wires and fixed to the pipeline with a hard plastic case with thermal insulation, which is fastened with snap-locks or screws and sealed to protect from external influences, and the heat meter processes the data coming from all three temperature sensors in real time and determines the consumed the amount of thermal energy according to the formula:

P _{Ges. =} (P _HK + P _Rohr )

Where:

T _V - temperature of the supply pipe [° C]

T _R - return temperature [° C]

T _Luft - room temperature [° C]

P _Ges - total power consumption [W]

P _HK - heating power of the heater [W]

P _Rohr - thermal power of pipelines [W]

P _Norm - normalized heat output of the heater [W]

49.83 - the average logarithmic temperature at

normalized

conditions

normalized conditions = 75 | 65 | 20 [° C]

75 = feed temperature T _V

65 = return temperature, T _R

20 = room temperature T _Luft

C = heat transfer coefficient

A = surface area of pipelines [m ² ]

n = exponent of the power curve of various types of heating appliances, according to the manufacturer

Total energy consumption is:

Where:

t is the measurement time

n is the number of measurements.

At the same time, the device is equipped with an IRDA interface for optical reading of information and configuration of the device at the installation site of the heat meter using a computer with preinstalled special software and an optical head, as well as an 8-bit LCD display for displaying data; however, the collection and storage of data provides the memory unit 1 EEPROM.

The applicant has not found sources of information containing the same set of essential features specified in the formula of the utility model, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of a household heat meter; figure 2 - presents the installation diagram of the temperature sensor on the pipeline.

The household heat meter contains a plastic case (1), a heat meter (2), an 8-bit LCD display (3), an EEPROM memory unit 1 (4), an IRDA interface (5), three NTC-0.2 33K temperature sensors (6 ; 7; 8), energy-saving signal wires (9), hard plastic case with thermal insulation (10), power supply (11).

The household heat meter works as follows.

Using the IRDA interface (5) at the installation site of the heat meter, the installer configures the heat meter (2) at the software level. In this case, the rated battery power P _{Norm is set} according to the manufacturer's catalog and the value of the exponent curve n. The power of the heater can be different for the same heater depending on the normalized temperatures during its testing. To do this, the program provides for the installation of various standardized temperatures. Installation is made by pressing the button "average logarithmic temperature under normalized conditions." Data is taken from reference books or technical documentation for the heater. Depending on the location of the temperature sensors, the length and diameter of the "supply" and "return" pipelines are entered, while the program automatically calculates the heat transfer area of the pipeline. The result is entered into the “Pipe surface area” window. The value of the heat transfer coefficient of the pipe depending on the material from which it is made is entered into the “Pipe thermal conductivity” window (for example, for a steel-air pair - 13 W / m ² K). Also, the boundary modes of operation of the heat meter are established, the minimum value of the temperature difference between the "supply" and "return" pipelines is introduced at which the device starts to read the heat consumption; the minimum value of the temperature difference between the "supply" pipe and the air temperature in the room is introduced; the maximum room temperature is entered, which will be taken into account for calculating the consumption of thermal energy, and when it is exceeded, the calculation of consumption will be performed as at room temperature 20 ° C (this is protection against manipulation with the room temperature sensor).

After entering all the necessary parameters in the program window, they are sent to the heat meter, while the optical head is installed on the device above the optical interface, the interface is automatically activated and the data is transferred to the heat meter. In this case, a running strip is observed which visualizes the transmission process. It is possible in one minute to check the device settings by reading. After completion of the configuration, the housing of the heat meter is sealed and the heat meter is put into operation.

Data from all three MTS-0.2 33K / “Negative Temperature Coefficient” temperature sensors, i.e. “A negative temperature coefficient thermistor” (see, for example, the “Radio Component Dictionary”, published on the Internet at: https://fi-com.ru/elexikon/ntc.htm/ (6; 7; 8) simultaneously by means of energy-saving signal wires (9) to the heat meter (2), which instantly calculates the consumed heat energy according to the given formula and displays the result in real time on an 8-bit LCD display (3), while the data is recorded in memory unit 1 EEPROM (4) .Long period of continuous operation of devices and provides a power supply (11), powered by ½ AA lithium batteries.

Using the proposed utility model will allow for more accurate accounting of the amount of consumed thermal energy than the analogues indicated in the “Prior art” section, including in houses with vertical wiring in the conditions of round-the-clock operation. At the same time, increasing the accuracy of measurements is achieved due to the one-sided concavity of the temperature sensors, which allows to achieve maximum contact with the pipeline, in addition - due to the reliable protection of the temperature sensors from external influences with the help of a sealed hard plastic case with thermal insulation, fastened with snap locks, or screws, and also due to the fact that the calculation is performed according to a special formula that allows you to get the most accurate results at the output.

At the same time, the proposed structural and technical solution allows for high-precision accounting of the amount of heat in an “individual apartment”, since the heat meter calculates the data without taking into account the readings of the “common house” meter, only on the basis of the data entered in the configuration of the heat meter and the variables coming from interacting with the heat meter temperature sensors.

Claims (3)

1. A household heat meter containing a heat meter enclosed in a plastic case, characterized in that it is equipped with three NTC-0.2 33K temperature sensors with a measurement error of not more than ± 0.1 ° C, calibrated at the factory, while one temperature sensor is enclosed in the housing of the heat meter and is designed to measure the temperature of the air in the room, and two other temperature sensors are designed to measure the temperature from the surface of the "supply" and "return" pipelines of the heater, are one-way sensors of the overhead type not concave under the diameter of the pipeline are connected to the heat meter by means of energy-saving signal wires and fixed to the pipe by a rigid plastic case with thermal insulation, which is fastened with locks or latches or screws and sealed to protect against external influences, and the heat meter processes data from all three temperature sensors in real time and determines the amount of heat energy consumed by the formula P _{Ges. =} (P _HK + P _Rohr ) $$P{}_{Ges}=P_{Norm}{\left[\ln \frac{\frac{T{}_V-T{}_R}{T{}_V-T{}_{Luft}}}{\frac{T{}_R-T{}_{Luft}}{49.83}}\right]}^n+[C\ast A(\frac{T{}_V+T{}_R}{2}-T{}_{Luft})]$$

where T _V is the temperature of the supply pipe [° C]; T _R - return pipe temperature [° C]; T _Luft - indoor air temperature [° C]; P _Ges - total power consumption [W]; P _HK - thermal power of the heater [W]; P _Rohr - thermal power of pipelines [W]; P _Norm - normalized heat output of the heater [W]; 49.83 - the average logarithmic temperature under normalized conditions; normalized conditions = 75 | 65 | 20 [° C]; 75 = feed temperature T _V ; 65 = return temperature, T _R ; 20 = room temperature T _Luft ; C = heat transfer coefficient $$[\frac{W}{m{}^{2}K}]$$

; A = surface area of pipelines [m ² ]; n = exponent of the power curve of various types of heating devices, according to the manufacturer, the total energy consumption is $$W_{Ges.}={\displaystyle \underset{\mathrm{one}}{\overset{n}{\int }}P{}_{nGes.}\ast t{}_n}$$

where t is the measurement time; n is the number of measurements. 2. The household heat meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is equipped with an IRDA interface for optical information reading and device configuration at the installation site of the heat meter using a computer with preinstalled special software and an optical head, as well as an 8-bit LCD display for display data. 3. The household heat meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the collection and storage of data provides the memory unit 1 EEPROM.

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