RU2734698C2 - Apartment thermal energy allocator and input recorder for apartment accounting of heat energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal energy meters.

SUBSTANCE: apartment device-distributor of cost consists of temperature sensor on each heating device of apartment and communication line with microprocessor device for distribution of apartment (MDD.A). MDD.A is multifunctional and multichannel, calculating in standard units the amount of heat energy, supplied by all heating devices of one apartment or more, and has information connection with information processing device – microprocessor input registration device (MRD.I).

EFFECT: technical result consists in the possibility of automatic quarterly accounting of heat energy by performing daily and monthly automatic distribution and registration of heat energy, accounted for by general input accounting unit, by flats, regardless of the number of risers in them, based on shared consumption in conventional units and prices in conventional units.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Currently, there is a paradoxical situation in the Russian Federation with regard to heat in housing and communal services - there are devices for a long time, but there is no apartment heat metering.

"Stumbling block" - riser wiring for heating devices OP in rooms, kitchen, bathroom and, as a result, from three or more inputs to the apartment in the vast majority of housing stock. The reconstruction of these networks is not realistic, and the heat meter-complex of devices is not cheap.

The proposed microprocessor-based MP devices refer to measuring instruments, in particular for the distribution and metering of heat energy and can be used in apartment-based metering systems in housing and communal services for payments for used heat, regardless of the number of risers in the apartment.

Known device for distributing the cost of heat, electronic (distributor), which is installed on each OP of the apartment. This is a modern MP device (firms "Raab Karcher", "Techem", Germany; "Bruntata", Denmark) with a liquid crystal display, one or two temperature sensors, which determines the amount of heat given off by the OP in conventional units (cu). Each distributor in the building is read once a year, and the heat consumption of each apartment is calculated by the service department based on its share in the total heat consumed by the residents. [1]

The disadvantage of this device is a visual annual report and the lack of automatic apartment-based heat metering.

The electronic doprimo distributor of the ISTA company was adopted as a prototype of the apartment heat energy distributor, according to the technical documentation of the Raab Karcher company, Germany, in which the read values appear on a temperature-stable display. The electronic distributor uses a new generation microprocessor, which determines the temperature difference and calculates the amount of heat energy given to the OP in cu. The distributor is used for various ODs. This device with one sensor, combined in one housing with a multifunctional microprocessor, registers the temperature on the surface of the OP and converts the measurement results into unambiguous data for reading or transmitting a radio signal. In a distributor with two sensors, in addition to the surface temperature of the OP, the air temperature in the room is measured. This sensor can be removed at a distance of 1 m from the device body. The device is powered by replaceable batteries designed for 10 years of operation.

As a prototype of a microprocessor-based device for recording the input MUR.V is a data concentrator of the same company, which receives data from doprimo distributors equipped with radio transmitters and systematically transmitting their data, and can transmit them in different ways for further processing. [2]

The use of these devices does not provide automatic apartment heat metering.

The technical result of the application of the declared MP devices is the ability to obtain an automatic system for apartment heat metering by performing daily and monthly automatic distribution and registration of heat energy, taken into account by the common input metering unit, among apartments, regardless of the number of risers in them, based on shared consumption in cu. e. and prices in USD

The specified technical result is achieved by:

- in the apartment heat energy distributor, consisting of a temperature sensor on each heating device of the apartment and a communication line with a microprocessor distribution device for the apartment MUR.K, the latter is a multifunctional and multichannel one that converts the sensor signals into temperature values and calculates in cu. hourly and cumulative total daily amount of heat energy supplied by all subdivisions of one apartment or more, and has an information connection with an information processing device - MUR.V;

- a microprocessor-based device for registering the input MUR.V, using the data of all MUR.K and the input metering unit, is made for the daily monthly automatic distribution and registration of heat energy consumed by all input apartments and recorded by the metering unit, by apartments based on their share consumption in cu ... and prices in USD, that is, for automatic apartment accounting. MUR.V performed with information communication with the heat meter of the heat energy metering unit installed at the input (to the entrance, section, house, to a bunch of houses - in the central heating station). MUR.V has the ability to transfer data of apartment accounting to the display of each MUR.K and to issue invoices for payment of heat energy consumed by each apartment.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the local heating metering system for apartments.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of heat exchange in counterflow.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the integration of MUR.K and MUR.V into an integrated apartment-based accounting system (example for one entrance of a multi-storey building).

The apartment heat power distributor (Fig. 1) consists of a temperature sensor 1 - a resistance thermocouple, or a quartz converter, or a thermistor, or a thermal sensor of each heater of one apartment or more, having a communication line 2, made by a radially paired telephone wire or one paired wire when coding sensor signals, or radio signals, with a multichannel distribution device MUR.K 3 - a multifunctional microprocessor that calculates the amount of heat given by each OP and the apartment as a whole in cu. consumption. MUR.K calculates the heat energy given to the OP based on the temperature difference between the OP and the air in the room. With one sensor, the room temperature is programmed constant and equal to the sanitary standard of 18 ° C. MUR.K 3 is connected via information communication line 4 (RS-485 interface) with an information processing device - a microprocessor-based device for recording the MUR.V input. V 5.

At the end of each day, the MUR registrar. At 5, at the end of each day, it requests the daily heat consumption of the apartment in USD via the information communication line 4 from each MUR. K 3, and via the information communication line 6 (RS-485 interface) - the heat meter 7 of the metering unit 8 at the input (at the entrance, house) or at the central heating station about the daily consumption of heat by all input and calculates the price of c.u. and the share consumption of heat by each apartment per day and on an accrual basis for the month, that is, automatic metering of heat energy per apartment.

The devices work as follows.

The microprocessor of the apartment unit interrogates the data on the temperature of each OP of one apartment or more, which are received from the temperature sensors via communication line 2 to the input of the apartment MUR.K3 at a predetermined frequency. It converts the active resistance value of the sensor measured by the input device into a temperature value. The nominal function of this conversion for a certain temperature range and a specific type of sensor is set by tables of magnitudes (for example, for resistance temperature converters - TC is set in accordance with GOST 6651-94).

where R ₀ is the resistance value of the vehicle at a temperature of 0 ° C, Ohm;

R _t is the current measured value of the resistance of the vehicle, Ohm;

t - measured temperature, ° С.

The W _t values are given in the table with a step of 1 ° C. Temperature values between the nodes of the table are determined with linear interpolation:

where W _i , W _{i + 1} are the values of W _t in two neighboring nodes, W _i <W _t <W _{i + 1} .

MUR.K 3 calculates the amount of heat given away by each OP in conventional units. consumption, according to a certain algorithm - the difference between the surface temperatures of the OP and the air in the room heated.

The heat load of the installed standard OP is determined based on the heat transfer equation [3]:

where F is the heat exchange surface of the heater m ² ;

k is the heat transfer coefficient, W / (m ² * K);

Δtcp - average temperature head, ° С.

The temperature difference in heat exchangers is the driving force of the heat exchange process and constitutes the average temperature difference. For example, for a countercurrent scheme of the movement of heat carriers in the device, the heat transfer scheme is shown in Fig. 2 [3].

If

Where

where t ₁ 'and t ₁ ''are the initial and final temperatures of the hot heat carrier (water), ° С;

where t ₂ 'and t ₂ ''are the initial and final temperatures of the cold heat carrier (air), ° С.

Substituting (3) and (4) in (2) we get:

where t ₁ ^cp and t ₂ ^cp are the average temperatures of the heat carriers, ° С.

Substituting (5) into (1), we obtain the formula for the operation of the SAPS.K 3 with two temperature sensors

and at t ₂ ^cp = 18 ° С, with one sensor

We take formula (7) with one sensor as the main one, since in addition to this, it has another very important advantage - it takes into account only the heat given off by the OP, and does not take into account the heating of the air by solar energy and other heat sources.

Formula (6) is recommended for low temperature systems.

The calculation of the heat energy supplied by the OP to the premises according to (6) and (7) and the consumption of the apartment as a whole is carried out by MUR.K 3 in cu. consumption, since these data are not final and serve as the starting point for the work of the SDM. 5.

MUR.K 3 monitors the heat transfer of each OP according to the calculated average hourly critical air temperature in the room

and archives the daily mean values of t ₂ ^k and t ₁ ^k for each apartment unit for action.

Let us transform formulas (6) ... (8) into algorithms for calculating SAS.K 3:

where F = F _c * N * k ₁ ;

F _c - surface of the OP section, m ² (according to Appendix X) [4];

N is the number of device sections;

k ₁ - coefficient of accounting for the number of sections;

- for OP type MS-140 at N≤15, k ₁ = 1; N = 16 ... 20, k ₁ = 0.98; N = 21 ... 25, k ₁ = 0.96;

- for other types of OP according to the formula k ₃ = 0.97 + 34 / (N * Q _n.y. ), where Q _n.y. - nominal conventional heat flux of one section of the OP, W (see Appendix X) [4];

k _n.o. - the nominal conditional heat transfer coefficient of the OP depending on the type (according to Table 9.7) [4];

k ₂ is the coefficient of the influence of surface color on the heat transfer of the OP (according to Table 9.6) [4];

k ₃ is the accounting factor for the method of installing the device (Table 9.12) [4];

t _1i ^cp , t _2i ^cp , t _1i ^to , Q _pi ^to - the temperature of the heat carriers and the amount of thermal energy corresponding to the i-th time interval;

n is the number of time intervals corresponding to the measurement time per hour, day.

Total daily heat consumption of the apartment

where m is the number of heating devices.

The values of N _to in conventional units for the last 5 ... 10 days are archived for control.

Microprocessor-based device for registration of input MUR.V 5 at the end of every day requests the value of Nk via information communication line 4 from each MUR.K 3, and via information communication line 6 - heat calculator 7 of metering unit 8 at the input (entrance, house) or at the central heating station on the daily consumption of heat energy by all input and calculates the price of c.u.

Algorithm for calculating the unit price from the registrar MUR.V 5 may be different depending on the heating scheme of a particular building and the presence of so-called fixed costs that residents cannot influence (losses in the network, heating staircases, basements, etc.). When the percentage of fixed costs for a building has been determined by technicians, this portion of the heat cost is usually allocated in proportion to the living space of the apartments.

In the absence of fixed costs, the c.u. price and daily consumption of the apartment

where C is the daily price of consumption, kJ;

В _у - daily consumption by metering unit, kJ;

N _i - consumption of the i-th apartment, in USD per day;

n is the number of apartments.

In the presence of fixed costs and determining their percentage, the amount of heat consumed by the apartment per day will be made up of two share components - by area and by consumption in USD:

where P is the share of fixed costs; S _i - living area of the i-th apartment, m ² .

In a particular case

where N _p is the total daily consumption in conventional units. heating devices of entrances and basements of this input and is calculated by the formula (13):

- MUR.K when all OP sensors are connected to one MUR.K;

- MUR.V when connecting OP sensors to several MUR.K.

Cumulative apartment consumption per month

where m is the number of calendar days of the current month.

Values Q _i ^months , a Q _i and C for the last 5 ... 10 days are archived, the last - for control in case of failures.

To calculate Q _i according to the algorithm (16), the MUR.V 5 recorder should be able to enter into the RAM the value of fixed costs and living space of each apartment (from the keyboard or via a computer). This operation must be password protected against unauthorized access.

With the introduction of temporary tariffs, the operating algorithms for MUR.K 3 and MUR.V 5 will remain the same, but the daily and monthly consumption must be programmatically divided along the boundaries of the tariff zones.

MUR.V 5 registrar must have output 9 (RS-232 or RS-485 interface) for transmitting apartment accounting data to the district (cluster) settlement center and (or) a device for retrieving and transferring this information 10 to the computer of this center, for example, by the type of portable memory TOUCH MEMORY.

Information on the consumption of heat energy by each apartment (in kJ) for the last day and on a cumulative total for the month, on call, is transmitted by the MUR.V 5 registrar via the information communication line 4 to the display of the MUR.K distributor. K 3 apartments. When integrating the MUR.K 3 and MUR.V 5 devices into an integrated apartment metering system (gas, cold and hot water and electricity), this information, at the discretion of the developer, can be transmitted to the display of the intermediate registrar MUR.E floor 11 or MUR.P entrance 12 (Fig. 3) to reflect on the display of these devices the apartment consumption of all counted energies and energy carriers. '

The housings of the sensor 1, MUR.K 3 and MUR.V 5 must be sealed against unauthorized access.

The devices are powered by replaceable batteries designed for 5 ... 10 years of operation. MUR.V can be powered from the power supply network of the heat meter of the metering unit.

The proposed MP devices MUR.K and MUR.B allow you to obtain daily and monthly automatic distribution and registration of heat energy, accounted for by the input node, among apartments on the basis of their share consumption in USD, that is, automatic apartment metering of heat energy by performing: MUR.K multifunctional and multichannel, information processing device - input recorder MUR.V with the ability to transfer data of apartment accounting to the display of each MUR.K and for billing, information communication MUR.K with MUR.V, and the latter with the calculator of the metering unit, installed at the input (in the entrance, section, house, on a bush of houses - in the central heating station).

Sources of information

1. S.V. Nikitin. Individual apartment metering of heat and water consumption is a direct way to save and reduce heating costs. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference (21-23.04.98 g): "Commercial accounting of energy carriers" -S-P., Polytechnic, 1998, p. 18-22.

2. Distributor of heating costs doprimo. Advertising brochure of Raab Karcher energieservice. - M., 2000.

3. Directory. Book four. Industrial heat power engineering and heat engineering, edited by V.A. Grigoriev and V.M. Zorin. - M., Energoatomizdat, 1983, p. 101-102.

4. Designer handbook. Internal sanitary facilities. Part 1. Heating. 4th edition. - M., Stroyizdat, 1990, p. 47, 69.

Claims (8)

1. Apartment heat energy distributor, consisting of a temperature sensor on each heating device (OP) of an apartment and a communication line with a microprocessor device for apartment distribution (MUR.K) - a device for calculating the daily amount of heat consumed by an apartment in cu. - shares for the share distribution of heat energy in kJ over apartments, made multifunctional, converting the sensor signals into temperature values and calculating the heat given by each OP, according to its parameters and the temperature difference between the surface of the OP and the air of the heated room, and when programming the air temperature constant equal to the sanitary one norm + 18 ° С, works with one sensor on the OP and has an additional advantage - it does not take into account the heating of the room air by other heat sources, characterized in that the latter is multichannel and summarizes the hourly and cumulative total daily amount of heat given by all heating devices of one apartment or more, in conventional units (cu) regardless of the number of risers in the apartment, and also monitors the heat transfer of each OP according to the calculated average hourly critical air temperature in the room (less than + 18 ° C), which is determined from the same formula for calculating the amount of heat given to OP, but for crit technical parameters, as the difference between the critical temperature of the coolant, that is, the housing of the OP, and the quotient from dividing the previously calculated value of the critical value of the thermal energy given to the OP by the value of its parameters, archives the average daily values of the critical temperatures of the air and the coolant for each OP of the apartment and issues it to display for taking measures, but the daily heat consumption of the apartment in USD serves as an initial value for the operation of the information processing device, which is a microprocessor input registration device (MUR.V) for the distribution and registration of heat energy, with which MUR.K has information communication. 2. An information processing device, which is a microprocessor-based input recording device (MUR.B) for the distribution and registration of heat energy, characterized in that it uses data on the daily heat consumption of all MUR.K in cu. and metering unit of input in kJ, performs daily and cumulative monthly automatic distribution and registration of heat energy consumed by all apartments of the input and accounted for by the metering unit, on the basis of their share consumption in conventional units and calculating the price of conventional units. according to a given algorithm, that is, automatic apartment accounting, and the calculation of the unit price is performed according to one of the specified algorithms, depending on the heating scheme of the house and the presence of fixed costs - losses in the network, heating of entrances, basements and other premises of general use: - in the absence of fixed costs, the c.u. price is determined by the ratio of the daily consumption of all apartments in the metering unit in kJ for the same in USD, and the daily heat consumption in each apartment in kJ is determined by the product of the price in USD. in kJ for daily consumption in cu; - in the presence of fixed costs, when their percentage is determined by technical specialists, this part of the cost of heat energy is distributed in proportion to the living space of apartments, therefore, the algorithm for calculating the amount of heat energy consumed by an apartment per day in kJ will be made up of two share components - by area and by consumption in USD. , and in order to calculate these share components of the MUR according to this algorithm. It must be able to enter into the RAM (by means of a keyboard or through a connection to a computer) the value of fixed costs and the size of the living space of each apartment, this operation must be protected by a password from unauthorized access; - in a particular case, the share of fixed costs is defined as the ratio of total daily consumption in c.u. all OP of entrances and basements of this input and all apartments, and the consumption of OP calculates: - MUR.K when all OP sensors are connected to one MUR.K, - MUR.V when connecting OP sensors to several MUR.K, and, in turn, MUR.V is made with information communication with the heat meter of the heat metering unit installed at the entrance to the entrance, or section, or house, or to a cluster of identical houses - to the central heating station, and has the ability to transfer data from apartment accounting to the display of each MUR.K and to the accounting center to issue invoices for the payment of heat consumed by each apartment.

Images