RU2137669C1 - Method of breaking ice cover of rivers and seas and ice breaking attachment for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of ice breaking for ecological protection of regions against water flood in case of ice jams. SUBSTANCE: ice breaking is effected by means of ice breaking attachment acting as hydraulic hammer when ice is cut over periphery of ice field. Mounted inside ice breaking attachment is swivel platform with ski resting against ice through piston provided with rod and pivot. Platform is placed in operation by means of hydraulic hammer with impulse hydraulic pulsator including motor with flywheel, roller impeller pump and hydraulic distributor. Provision is also made for high-pressure pulse jet generator equipment with spring-loaded piston with rod and pivot which are engageable with of platform. Provision is also made for springs to enhanced efficiency of impact breaking of ice. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of breaking ice cover at increased speed of ship. 5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for the destruction of ice, in particular to a technique that ensures environmental safety of territories from floods, and to maritime transport.

 Known methods and devices for breaking river ice, based on the separate use of hydraulic fracturing using powerful high-pressure water jets (a.s. 379447, V 63 V 35/12), as well as devices in the form of an icebreaker attachment for a vessel containing a power element in the form of a platform built into the bow of the vessel with the possibility of its rotation with the drive moving the power element in the form of a power cylinder (AS 552241, 63 63 35/08, 1977).

 These methods and devices are ineffective and are not used.

 The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of breaking the ice cover of rivers and seas with an increased speed of the ship.

 This problem is solved by the fact that the destruction of the ice cover is carried out by a power element in the form of a hydraulic hammer under the conditions of notching a limited area of the ice field with water jets.

 The icebreaker attachment in the form of a rotary platform has a hinged ski located below, connected to the platform through a power piston with a rod and a fifth in contact with the ski. It has a high-pressure jet generator drive, for example in the form of a piston with a rod and a fifth in contact with ski.

 The drive of the power element is a pulsed hydraulic pulsator, consisting of an engine with a flywheel, a roller pump, a hydraulic distributor, a power hydraulic cylinder with a rod and a fifth. The hydraulic pump of the hydraulic pulsator has retractable stoppers for switching the pump to idle.

Explanatory drawings:
FIG. 1. The scheme of the method of destruction of the ice cover.

 FIG. 2. The hydraulic circuit of the high-pressure water jet generator.

 FIG. 3. The hydraulic circuit of a pulsed hydraulic pulsator.

 FIG. 4. Pulse hydro-pulsator in longitudinal section.

 FIG. 5. The hydrodistributor in a longitudinal section.

 FIG. 6. The pump is in longitudinal section.

 FIG. 7. Pump in cross section.

 An icebreaker attachment 2 is attached to the bow of the icebreaking vessel 1 on a hinge 3.

 The prefix contains the equipment of the pulse jet generator and hydraulic hammer.

 The pulse jet generator consists, for example, of a hydraulic cylinder 4 (Fig. 1), which acts as a pump, a pressure multiplier 5 and a nozzle 6, forming a high-pressure jet 7.

 In the middle of the set-top box, a pulse hydro-pulsator 8 is installed in the form of a hydraulic hammer, forming a strip 9 of destroyed ice.

 Highways 10 extend from the hydraulic cylinder 4 to the lateral ends of the attachment 10 to the multiplier 5, which consists of a cylinder 11 (Fig. 2) with a spring, a piston 12 and a plunger 13. The hydraulic lines of the pressure multiplier are filled with a working fluid (mineral oil), which is separated from the pumped water by jets with a membrane 15 with a piston 16 installed in the cylinder 14.

 There is a booster pump 17 with a non-return valve 18. The multiplier cavity filled with water is in communication with the high-pressure jet ejection nozzle 19.

 The hydraulic actuator of the pulsed hydraulic pulsator (Fig. 3) has a pump 20 with a pressure accumulator 22, a suction pump 23, a three-position valve 21 and an actuator 24, made in the body of the hydraulic hammer with a piston 25, a rod 26 and a fifth 27.

 The valve has three positions: inlet to the hydraulic cylinder 24, the release of fluid into the accumulator 23 and the idle speed of the pump.

 The hydraulic hammer installed in the middle of the icebreaker attachment consists (Fig. 4) of a massive plate 28, a ski 29, articulated with a plate with a hinge 30. The engine 37 is equipped with a flywheel, a roller pump 38 and a control valve 39, with an opening 40 connected to the cylinder cavity with a piston 25. Between the plate 28 and the casing of the console 2, springs 31 are installed.

 In the parallel cylinder there is a piston 32 with a rod 33, a fifth 34 and a spring 35, which serves as the drive of the pulse generator of high pressure jets when the hole 36 communicates with a pressure multiplier 5.

 The hydraulic hammer 29 is in contact with the ice cover 41.

 A pipe 43 connected from the pump is connected to the control valve. In the control valve there is a drive shaft 44 with a gear 45, articulated with a ring gear 47 of the inner sleeve 54.

 In the housing 48 with a cover 51, an annular channel 49 with a pipe 50 connected to the hole 40 of the hydraulic hammer, a stationary sleeve 52 is installed.

 In it with a corresponding seal is a movable sleeve 54 with distribution windows 53.

 The hydraulic pulsator is equipped with a high-performance roller pump 38, a drive motor 37 with a flywheel.

 A pump with a housing 56 (Fig. 6) consists of several sections, each of which has two working compartments, alternately displacing the liquid. In each section there are two working disks 57 and two supporting disks 58.

 On their periphery there are suction and discharge channels 60, in communication with the pipes 43 of the control valve.

 Sleeves 61 are installed in the supporting disks, in which the contact necks of the contactors 62 are placed. A rotor 63 with a shaft 64 is installed in the center of the pump. The rotor and the contactors have gear engagement located in the working cavities of the pump. Blades 66 are mounted on the rotor with the help of rods 65, pins 67. In the working disks there are suction channels 68 communicated with the annular channels 59, and pressure 69 communicated with the channels 60. They have fluid bypass channels 70 and sliding stoppers 71 for their overlap.

 When the method of destruction of ice by notching it on the periphery and crashing with a hammer in the middle of the device, the devices operate as follows.

 During the course of the vessel with the attachment, ski 29 (Fig. 4) is located on the ice surface, and the nozzles for ejecting high-pressure jets are located above the peripheral sections of the ice sheet. The engine 37 with the flywheel rotates the shaft 64 of the pump (Fig. 6).

 The working fluid displaced by the blades 66 enters the pressure channels 60, and from them through the pipe 43 into the cavity of the sleeve 54 of the valve (Fig. 5). The sleeve 54 with the distribution windows 53 rotates the gear 45, providing the necessary time-section of the spool valve for the pulsed supply of the working fluid through the hole 40 into the cavity of the piston cylinder 25.

 The piston 25 is thrown down and through the rod 26 and the heel 27 puts pressure on the ski 29, dropping it down.

 In this case, the ice section under the ski bends and partially collapses. The reaction force of the piston and ski downward force the platform 28 upward until compression of the springs 34. Then, the spring force and gravity force the platform downward, causing its action in the hydraulic hammer mode.

 A strike is carried out on the ski, and through it on a piece of ice. The main destruction of ice is made with an impact force of thousands and tens of thousands of ton-forces.

 Before the start of the cycle, the piston 32 of the pulse generator under the influence of the springs 35 is located below.

 When the platform is thrown down while supporting the heel 34 about the ski, a portion of the working fluid is ejected through the hole 36 into the multiplier, causing the piston 12 and the rod 13 to move (Fig. 2).

 The high pressure transmitted by the membrane 15 and the piston 16, ejects water through the nozzle 19 in the form of high-pressure jets, providing an incision of ice along the periphery of the destroyed ice field.

 From impacts of the hydraulic hammer, the ice cut by the jets breaks off in the form of ice floes, which are subsequently pushed aside by the hulls of the icebreaker attachment and the vessel. This displacement of ice will not cause much resistance and the vessel can move in ice at an acceptable speed.

Claims (5)

 1. The method of destruction of the ice cover of rivers and seas by exposing it to a power element of the icebreaker attachment of a vessel, characterized in that the said impact on the ice cover is carried out under conditions of cutting a limited section of the ice cover with high pressure water jets.  2. The icebreaker attachment of the vessel containing a power element in the form of a platform built into the bow of the vessel with the possibility of rotation, a drive for moving the power element in the form of a power cylinder, characterized in that the platform has a ski located below, pivotally mounted with the possibility of contact with the ice cover associated with the platform through a power piston with a rod and a fifth pulsed hydraulic pulsator, and the drive of the high pressure jet generator consists, for example, of a piston with a rod and a fifth in contact with ski.  3. The icebreaker attachment according to claim 2, characterized in that the springs are installed between the platform and the console case.  4. The icebreaker attachment according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a pulsed hydraulic pulsator consisting of an engine with a flywheel, a rotary vane pump, a hydraulic distributor, a power hydraulic cylinder with a piston, a rod and a fifth installed with the possibility of the platform performing the function of a hydraulic hammer.  5. The icebreaker attachment according to claim 4, characterized in that the roller pump of the hydro-pulsator has retractable stoppers installed with the ability to perform the function of transferring the pump to idle.

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