RU213276U1 - DEVICE FOR INCREASING GRIP OF DRIVING WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVE WITH RAILS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to rail vehicles, in particular to devices for increasing the tractive effort of a locomotive by preventing slipping of the drive wheels.

A device for increasing the adhesion of driving wheels of a locomotive with rails, comprising a wheel pair, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil made of insulated wire, connected to a power source by wires and mounted on a wheel pair on a frame that is fixedly fixed to the locomotive bogie and is located coaxially with wheel pair axle with clearance, rolling bearings placed at the ends of the coil frame with the possibility of rotation of the wheel pair axle inside it, and having ferromagnetic cores placed above the rails with constant gaps between the wheel rolling circles and the rails, connected with axle boxes.

A distinctive feature of the proposed device for increasing the grip of the driving wheels of the locomotive with the rails is that the rolling bearings are based on a hollow shaft made of non-magnetic steel, located coaxially with the axis of the wheelset with a gap and resting on the wheels of the wheelset through shock absorbers.

The proposed device for increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of the locomotive to the rails makes it possible to use it for promising locomotives with increased axial load due to the reduction of the dynamic effect of the coil on the track when driving through track irregularities due to the support of the coil on the wheel pair with the help of elastic elements.

Description

The utility model relates to rail vehicles, in particular to devices for increasing the tractive effort of a locomotive by preventing slipping of the drive wheels.

A device for preventing slippage of a locomotive is known, containing an electromagnet connected to a current source (see Karel Kucera. Electromagnetic adhesion means for railroad locomotives. US Patent US3307058 A dated January 20, 1964).

The disadvantage of the known device is the weak value of the generated magnetic flux, which does not allow to significantly increase the adhesion of the wheel to the rail, due to the fact that, according to the requirements of fitting the device into the gauge of the rolling stock, a significant air gap must be created between the electromagnet and the rail.

A device is known for preventing locomotive slippage in the form of a magnetic loader of a rail vehicle, containing vertically located hydraulic cylinders mounted on the side beam of the truck, connected to a magnet, a traverse rigidly connected to the rods of the hydraulic cylinders and pivotally by means of rods with a magnet, force sensors associated with the drive (see V. V. Mishin, V. A. Zyabrev, A. I. Lebedev, V. A. Salov, and E. M. Shlyakhov, Magnetic additional loader for a rail vehicle, USSR Author’s certificate No. 1286453, Bulletin No. 4 30.01.87 .).

The disadvantage of this device is the additional resistance to movement created due to the contact of the electromagnet with the rail, which makes it impossible to use this device on a locomotive in traction mode.

A device is known to prevent slipping of the locomotive by increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of the locomotive to the rails, containing a split wheel with electromagnets placed inside (see John Otto Heinze Jr. Magnetic wheel. US Patent US709484 A, February 24, 1902).

The disadvantage of the device is its low reliability due to the high concentration of loads in the contact of the split wheel with the rail.

A device for preventing locomotive slippage is known, comprising an electromagnet coil enclosing the locomotive wheel disk along the chord and connected to a current source (see Wehner David E. Electromagnetic traction increaser. US patent US2198928 A, December 2, 1936).

. Так, при радиусе колеса R=625 мм и L=100 мм расстояние Н равно 8 мм, а при увеличении расстояния вдвое (L1=200 мм), расстояние H1 становится равным 33 мм, т.е. увеличится вчетверо по сравнению с расстоянием Н. Увеличение расстояния от поверхности рельса до точки на поверхности колеса снижает магнитный поток, проходящий через рельс и колесо в данной точке колеса.The disadvantage of the device is its lack of efficiency, which does not allow to significantly increase the adhesion of the wheel to the rail. When the wheel is magnetized by the electromagnet coil K (Fig. 1), due to the curvature of the wheel surface along the rolling circle, with the wheel radius R, the distance H between the point on the surface of the wheel rim and the rail in the vertical direction increases depending on the distance L from the contact point according to the formula

. So, with a wheel radius R=625 mm and L=100 mm, the distance H is 8 mm, and when the distance is doubled (L1=200 mm), the distance H1 becomes 33 mm, i.e. will increase four times compared to the distance H. Increasing the distance from the rail surface to a point on the wheel surface reduces the magnetic flux passing through the rail and wheel at a given point on the wheel.

A device for preventing locomotive slippage is known, comprising a wheel pair, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil, providing electromagnetic coupling of the wheels with rails, made of insulated wire, mounted on the axis of the wheel pair and connected to a power source by means of wires, and the magnetizing coil is mounted on the frame, which is fixedly fixed on the bogie of the electric locomotive and is located coaxially with the axis of the wheel pair with a gap in which rolling bearings are installed, placed at the ends of the coil frame with the possibility of rotation of the axis of the wheel pair inside it, while the conductive wires are placed inside the bogie of the electric locomotive, (see B. P. Tsaloev, G. K. Piranishvili, Device for increasing the grip of an electric locomotive wheelset with rails, Patent RF No. 2055748, publ. 10.03.1996.

The disadvantage of this device is the same as that described above, due to the fact that the placement of the coil on the axle of the wheelset does not eliminate the increase in the distance between the outer surface of the wheel in the area of the magnetic field and the rail as you move away from the contact point of the wheel with the rail.

It is known (see Luzhnov, Yu.M., Pruntsev, A.P. Influence of a constant magnetic field on the friction of solids. - Proceedings of MIIT, 1974, issue 467) that the coefficient of friction (adhesion) in the contact "metal-metal" , in addition to the physical properties of the friction pair, depends on the magnetic field strength in the contact patch and can be increased. For a more detailed study of the effect of a magnetic field on the coefficient of friction of the "metal-metal" system, tests were carried out on special installations (see V.P. Tikhomirov, V.I. Vorobyov, D.V. Vorobyov, G.V. Bagrov, M. I. Borzenkov, I. A. Butrin, Modeling wheel-rail adhesion, Orel, OrelGTU, 2007, pp. 95-101). The test results showed that for the investigated models of steel-to-steel contact, when strong magnetic fields are created in the zone of their contact, it is possible to increase the coefficient of friction (adhesion) by more than 20%. At present, this phenomenon is explained primarily by the effect of magnetoplasticity, one of the main reasons for which is considered to be an increase in the mobility of dislocations under the influence of an external electromagnetic field under the influence of electron spins localized on defects in the crystal lattice (see Poletaev V.A., Potemkin D.A. Energetic analysis of the influence of a magnetic field on the mechanical properties of steel, Bulletin of the Ivanovo State Power Engineering University (ISUE), 2007, No. 3, pp. 8-11).

It is known that the resultant F of the friction forces in the contact zone will be equal to the sum of the forces acting on individual irregularities

F=ΣFi=ΣFimol+ΣFimex,

where ΣFimol is the sum of the forces of the molecular component of friction on single surfaces, and ΣFimeh is the sum of the forces of the mechanical component of friction on single surfaces. Thus, the total friction force depends on the actual area of contact of the contacting surfaces, (see Chichinadze A.V., Berliner E.M., Braun E.D. and others, under the general editorship of A.V. Chichinadze. Friction , Wear and Lubrication (Tribology and Tribotechnics), M. Mashinostroenie, 2003, p. 19).

As a prototype of the proposed utility model, a device was chosen to increase the grip of the driving wheels of a locomotive with rails, containing a wheel pair, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil made of insulated wire, connected to a power source using wires and installed on the axle of the wheel pair on a frame that is stationary fixed on the bogie of the electric locomotive and located coaxially with the axis of the wheel pair with a gap in which rolling bearings are installed, placed at the ends of the coil frame with the possibility of rotation of the axis of the wheel pair inside it, and having ferromagnetic cores placed above the rails with constant gaps between the wheels rolling circles and rails connected with axle boxes (see Device for increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of a locomotive with rails. Vorobyov V.I., Novikov V.G., Izmerov O.V., Korchagin V.O., Avdashchenko B.C., Mospanova N.Yu. Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 163519. Published on July 20, 2016. Bull. No. 20).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the rigid support of the magnetizing winding in the form of a coil on the axle of the wheelset increases the unsprung mass of the locomotive, which leads to an increase in the impact of the locomotive on the track and thereby prevents the device from being used on promising mainline locomotives with increased axial load.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the possibility of using the device on promising locomotives with increased axial load by reducing the impact of the mass of the device on the track when passing track irregularities.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for increasing the grip of the drive wheels of the locomotive with the rails, containing a wheel pair, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil, made of insulated wire, connected to a power source by wires and installed on the wheel pair on a frame, which is located coaxially with a wheelset axle with a gap, rolling bearings placed at the ends of the coil frame with the possibility of rotation of the wheelset axis inside it, and having ferromagnetic cores placed above the rails with constant gaps between the wheel rolling circles and the rails, associated with axle boxes, the rolling bearings are based on a hollow shaft made of non-magnetic steel, located coaxially with the axle of the wheelset with a gap and resting on the wheels of the wheelset through shock absorbers.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 2 shows a general view of the device for increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of the locomotive with the rails, and Fig. 3 - section of the device for increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of the locomotive with the rails along the core.

The proposed device for increasing the grip of the driving wheels of the locomotive with rails (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) contains a wheel pair 1, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil 2, made of insulated wire, connected to a power source 3 (IP) using wires 4 and installed on wheelset 1 on the frame 5, which is located coaxially with the axle 6 of the wheelset 1 with a gap in which the rolling bearings 7 are installed, placed on the ends of the frame 5 of the coil 2 with the possibility of rotation of the axis 6 of the wheel pair 1 inside it, and having ferromagnetic cores 8, placed above the rails 9 with constant gaps between the rolling circles of the wheels 10 and the rails 9, associated with axle boxes 11.

Rolling bearings 7 rest on a hollow shaft 12 made of non-magnetic steel, located coaxially with the axle 6 of the wheelset 1 with a gap and resting on the wheels 10 of the wheelset through shock absorbers 13.

A device for increasing the adhesion of the driving wheels of the locomotive with the rails works as follows.

When current is supplied to the coil 2 from the power source 3 (PS) through the axle 6, both wheels 10 of the wheelset 1, ferromagnetic cores 8 and rails 9 undergo a magnetic flux, additionally magnetizing the rails, which leads to a change in the physical and mechanical properties of the contacting metal bodies ( wheels with rails) and changes the friction coefficient of wheels 10 with rails 9. In this case, the hollow shaft 12 does not affect the magnetic flux, since it is made of non-magnetic steel.

When passing vertical irregularities in the track, shock absorbers 13 soften the shock load transmitted through the hollow shaft 12 and rolling bearings 7 to the coil 2, reducing its impact on the track.

The technical and economic effect of the claimed utility model lies in the fact that due to the support of the coil on the wheelset with the help of elastic elements, when driving through track irregularities, the dynamic effect of the coil on the track is reduced, which makes it possible to use the device for promising locomotives with increased axial load.

Claims (1)

A device for increasing the grip of driving wheels of a locomotive with rails, comprising a wheel pair, a magnetizing winding in the form of a coil made of insulated wire, connected to a power source by means of wires and mounted on a wheel pair on a frame, which is located coaxially with the axis of the wheel pair with a gap, rolling bearings placed at the ends of the coil frame with the possibility of rotation of the axis of the wheelset inside it, and having ferromagnetic cores placed above the rails with constant gaps between the rolling circles of the wheels and the rails associated with axle boxes, characterized in that the rolling bearings are based on a hollow shaft made of non-magnetic steel, located coaxially with the axle of the wheelset with a gap and resting on the wheels of the wheelset through shock absorbers.

Images