RU2132750C1 - Vortex dust catching method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas purifying equipment used in different branches of industry and based on swirling and vortex flow action. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing vortex dust catching by means of apparatus having swirling secondary flow inlet end where swirler and diffuser are positioned. Upper part of separating chamber is made oval-shaped. Discharge disk for discharging dust from primary inlet end is positioned in lower part of axial cylinder. Recirculation unit branch pipe is formed as tube with opening whose effective section is adjusted by moving ring mounted on tube. Primary flow inlet may be also provided with swirler and another diffuser, and upper part of axial cylinder primary inlet is also made oval-shaped. According to other version, apparatus may be further provided with divider-swirler having inlet branch pipe extending tangentially to upper part of casing, dust discharge opening in lower part of casing, and lower and upper axial exhaust pipes connected via diffusers with primary and secondary inlets leading into separation chamber. Such construction provides preliminary separation of dust from inlet flows. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced hydraulic resistance and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to methods and devices for cleaning gases from dust in the energy, chemical, textile, construction, food, mining and metallurgical and other industries. In particular, it relates to methods and devices of a centrifugal principle of operation based on the use of swirling or vortex flows.

 A known method of vortex dust collection (B. S. Sazhin, L. I. Gudim "Vortex dust collectors" M., Chemistry, 1995, S. 11), carried out by feeding into the separation chamber two gas flows swirled in the same direction - the primary, moving from below up along the axis of the camera, in the center of it and the secondary, moving from top to bottom along the periphery of the camera. As a result of the interaction of flows and under the action of centrifugal forces, dust particles move to the chamber wall, drop down and out of it, and the purified gas tends to the center, moves along the chamber axis and is discharged from above.

 The disadvantages of this method are: the lack of a smooth transition and additional swirling of the input flows at the entrance to the separation chamber, the lack of a smooth transition of the secondary swirling flow into the primary in the separation chamber, the lack of gas recirculation from the dust chamber to the separation chamber, poor conditions for coagulation of dust particles in the flows ( there is no inhibition of input flows), the absence of additional dust unloading from the primary input, which together increases the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus and lowering Efficient dust collection. In addition, there is no preliminary separation of dust from the input streams.

 This method is implemented in a vortex dust collection device (ibid., P. 12, Fig. 1.2b), which contains a separation chamber including a housing with inlets for introducing swirling primary and secondary flows, an axial cylinder with a bump washer, an exhaust pipe and a dust chamber.

 The disadvantages of this design are: the lack of necessary for a smooth transition of the secondary swirling flow into the primary in the separation zone of the optimal ratio of the geometric dimensions of the diameter of the housing D, the diameter of the exhaust pipe d and the height of the separation zone H, the absence of a circulation unit from the dust chamber to the separation zone, increased hydraulic resistance from -for a sharp change in the cross section of the flows at the entrance to the apparatus, the absence of additional swirling devices, input flow braking devices, bstvuyuschih intensification coagulation dust, no dust and unloading device from the cylinder axis of the primary input. In addition, there is no device for preliminary separation of dust from the input streams.

 These drawbacks are partially eliminated in the method of vortex dust collection (US Pat. RF N 1768313), carried out by feeding into the separation chamber two gas flows swirled in the same direction - primary, moving from bottom to top along the axis of the chamber, in its center and secondary, moving from top to bottom around the periphery cameras. As a result of the interaction of flows and under the action of centrifugal forces, dust particles move to the chamber wall, fall down and out of it, and the purified gas tends to the center, moves along the chamber axis and is discharged from above, and a smooth transition of the secondary swirling flow into the primary flow in the separation chamber and gas recirculation from the dust chamber to the separation zone.

 The disadvantages of this method are: the lack of a smooth transition and additional swirling of the input streams at the entrance to the apparatus, poor conditions for coagulation of dust particles in the stream (there is no braking of the input streams), the absence of additional dust unloading from the primary input, which together increases the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus and reduces dust collection efficiency. In addition, there is no preliminary separation of dust from the input streams.

где K - коэффициент, равный 1,4-1,8.This method is implemented in a vortex dust collection device (US Pat. RF N 1768313), which contains a housing with primary and secondary swirling inlet nozzles, an axial cylinder with a baffle plate, an exhaust pipe, a dust chamber and a recirculation unit from the dust chamber to the separation zone. This device provides a smooth transition of the secondary swirling flow into the primary in the separation zone, by ensuring the optimal ratio of the geometric dimensions of the diameter of the housing D, the diameter of the exhaust pipe d and the height of the separation zone H according to the equation

where K is a coefficient equal to 1.4-1.8.

 The disadvantages of this design are: increased hydraulic resistance due to a sharp change in the cross section of flows at the entrance to the apparatus, the absence of additional swirling devices, inhibition devices of input streams that contribute to the intensification of dust coagulation, and the absence of a dust discharge device from the axial cylinder of the primary input. In addition, there is no device for preliminary separation of dust from the input streams.

 These disadvantages are eliminated in the proposed method and device for vortex dust collection.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of dust collection.

 This goal is achieved by the method of vortex dust collection, which consists in the fact that 2 gas flows swirled in the same direction are fed into the separation chamber, the primary stream being supplied from the bottom up along the chamber axis, and the secondary stream is fed from top to bottom along the chamber periphery with their subsequent interaction and recycling of the total flow from the dust chamber to the separation chamber, the secondary stream being additionally twisted before entering the separation chamber in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the separation chamber, and then Ormoz it.

 A variant of this method is characterized in that the primary stream is additionally twisted in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the separation chamber, followed by its braking before entering the separation chamber.

 Another variant of this method is characterized in that preliminary swirling and separation of dust from the general stream are carried out, followed by its division into primary and secondary streams.

 The goal is achieved in a device for vortex dust collection, comprising a separation chamber including a housing, in the upper part of which there is an exhaust pipe and an input of a swirling secondary stream, and in the lower part a dust collecting chamber, an input of a swirling primary stream with an axial cylinder and a bump washer, an unloading hole, as well as a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber to the separation chamber with a flow regulator in the form of a rotary damper on the nozzle, characterized in that the input of the swirling The egg flow contains a swirl and a diffuser at the inlet, and the upper part of the separation chamber body is oval, an emergency lamp is installed in the lower part of the axial cylinder for unloading dust from the primary input, and the pipe of the recirculation unit is made in the form of a pipe with an opening, the cross-sectional area of which is regulated by the movement of the ring mounted on a pipe.

 A variant of the device is characterized in that the input of the primary stream contains a swirl and a subsequent diffuser, and the upper part of the housing of the axial cylinder of the primary input is oval.

 Another variant of the device is characterized in that in addition to the swirls, a divider-twister is installed, having a housing with a tangential inlet pipe located at the top, an dust exhaust outlet located at the bottom of the housing and upper and lower axial exhaust pipes connected through the diffusers to the primary and secondary inputs into the separation chamber.

 As a result of using the proposed method, the input hydraulic resistance is reduced, with additional twisting and braking, intensive coagulation of dust particles occurs, with the interaction of flows under the action of centrifugal forces, coagulated dust particles quickly move to the wall of the apparatus, fall down and are removed from the apparatus, and the purified gas tends to the center , moves along the axis of the apparatus and displayed on top of it. In addition, preliminary separation of dust from the input streams is carried out.

 The method proposed above is implemented in the described vortex dust collecting device shown in FIG. 1, which contains a separation chamber including a housing 1, the upper part of which is oval, located in the upper part of the housing a tangential inlet of a secondary swirling flow, including a swirler 2 and a diffuser 3, an exhaust pipe 4 connected to the lower part of the housing dust chamber 5, tangential inlet of a swirling primary stream, including swirler 6, diffuser 7, pipe 8, axial cylinder 9 with a nozzle 10 and a breaker washer 11, flasher 12 for unloading dust and a unit for recirculating the stream from the dust collector measures in the separation chamber, including the hole 13 on the pipe 8 and the movable ring 14. The removal of trapped dust is carried out through the discharge hole 15 located in the lower part of the dust chamber 5. The upper part of the axial cylinder 9 is oval.

 In FIG. 2 shows a variant of the vortex dust collecting device, where in addition to swirlers 2 and 6, a flow divider is used, consisting of a housing 16 with a tangential inlet pipe 17 and two axial exhaust pipes 18 and 19 located respectively in the upper and lower parts of the flow divider. The splitter-swirl flow also acts as a preliminary dust separator. Dust is discharged at the bottom of the flow divider through the discharge port 20 to remove dust trapped therein.

 The proposed device vortex dust collection (Fig. 1) works as follows. Dusty gas is supplied to the separation chamber, the upper part of which is oval in order to reduce hydraulic losses of the flow and maintain its additional swirling through swirlers 2 and 6 (scapular, axial, snail, tangential or other type), where it acquires rotation in the direction perpendicular to the axis cameras, and, moving through, respectively, diffusers 3 and 7 slows down its movement (it brakes). Inhibition of flow can also be achieved due to the rough, wavy surface of the inlets. When braking a rotating flow, the dust particles contained in it rush to the center of rotation, where they are combined into aggregates, often in the form of a bundle (intense coagulation of dust particles occurs). The dust coagulation process ends in the separation chamber itself, where the secondary stream is fed tangentially and where it acquires a second rotation around the axis of the apparatus. Under the action of centrifugal forces in the separation chamber, dust aggregates are discarded to the wall of the housing 1. The centrifugal force is proportional to the mass of particles. The larger the aggregates of particles, the greater their mass and the faster they reach the wall of the housing 1. The particle aggregates, rotating under the action of gravity, descend along the wall into the gap between it and the baffle plate 11, and then fall in the dust chamber 5 to the discharge opening 15 The dust coagulated in the inlet of the swirling primary stream is separated by centrifugal forces inside the axial cylinder 9 and periodically discharged through a flasher 12, and the purified gas enters the separation chamber through a glass 10, where separation, interacting with the secondary stream. To entrain dust into the gap between the housing 1 and the baffle plate 11, a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber to the area located above the baffle plate, including a hole 13 on the pipe 8 and a movable ring 14. serves, the flow moving in the pipe 8, sucks gas through the hole 13 from the dust chamber 5. By adjusting the degree of opening of the hole 13, by moving the ring 14, set the required flow rate of the circulation stream.

 For a variant of the vortex dust collecting device (Fig. 2), where instead of swirls 2 and 6, a flow divider-swirl is used, the operation of the dust collecting device is similar to that described above. The difference is that the gas supplied for cleaning is first supplied through the tangential inlet pipe 17 to the divider-twist, where it acquires a rotational movement (twists) and at the same time undergoes preliminary cleaning of dust under the action of centrifugal forces. Dust is removed from the swirl divider through the discharge opening 20, and swirling gas leaves through two axial exhaust pipes 18 and 19 located respectively in the upper and lower parts of the swirl divider and flows directly into the corresponding diffusers 2 and 6 (Fig. 1). Then the process of work occurs similarly to the above. The flow, moving through, respectively, diffusers 3 and 7, slows down its movement (it brakes). When braking a rotating flow, the dust particles contained in it rush to the center of rotation, where they are combined into aggregates, often in the form of a bundle (intense coagulation of dust particles occurs). The dust coagulation process ends in the separation chamber itself, where the secondary stream is fed tangentially and where it acquires a second rotation around the axis of the separation chamber. Under the action of centrifugal forces in the separation chamber, dust aggregates are discarded to the wall of the housing 1. The centrifugal force is proportional to the mass of particles. The larger the aggregates of particles, the greater their mass and the faster they reach the wall of the housing 1. The particle aggregates, rotating under the action of gravity, descend along the wall into the gap between it and the baffle plate 11, and then fall in the dust chamber 5 to the discharge opening 15 The dust coagulated in the inlet of the swirling primary stream is separated by centrifugal forces inside the axial cylinder 9 and periodically discharged through a flasher 12, and the cleaned gas enters the separation chamber through a glass 10, where further separation, interacting with the secondary stream. To entrain the dust into the gap between the housing 1 and the baffle plate 11, a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber through the glass 10 to the area located above the baffle plate, including an opening 13 on the pipe 8 and a movable ring 14. serves as a suction flow through a hole 13 gas from the dust chamber 5 by injection. By adjusting the degree of opening of the hole 13, by moving the ring 14, set the required flow rate of the circulation stream. The recirculation unit works similarly to US Pat. N 1768313, but structurally made otherwise.

 The advantages of the proposed method and device for its implementation in comparison with the considered analogues are as follows. There is no sharp change in the cross section as the input flows move while maintaining the optimal ratio of geometric dimensions, according to equation (1), which reduces the hydraulic resistance both at the entrance to the apparatus and inside it, which ultimately increases the cleaning efficiency. The application of the principle and devices for additional swirling and braking devices for input streams contributes to the intensification of dust coagulation, its separation in the separation chamber and increases the cleaning efficiency. The use of the principle and device for unloading dust from the axial cylinder for introducing a swirling primary stream, as well as preliminary purification of gas from dust in the splitter-swirl flow also increases the efficiency of dust collection. It should be noted that, as far as possible, a smooth change in the cross section of flows is organized along the entire route, which reduces the hydraulic resistance in this method and the device as a whole. The separation of dust particles from the streams is also organized along the entire route, which ensures the maximum increase in the efficiency of dust collection in this method and device.

Claims (6)

 1. The method of vortex dust collection, which consists in the fact that two gas flows swirled in the same direction are fed into the separation chamber, the primary stream being supplied from the bottom up along the chamber axis, and the secondary stream is fed from top to bottom along the chamber periphery with their subsequent interaction and recirculation of the total stream from a dust-collecting chamber to a separation chamber, characterized in that the secondary stream is additionally twisted before entering the separation chamber in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the separation chamber, and then brake zyat it.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary stream is additionally twisted in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the separation chamber, followed by its braking before entering the separation chamber.  3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that they carry out preliminary swirling and separation of dust from the total stream with its subsequent pressure on the primary and secondary flows.  4. A device for vortex dust collection, comprising a separation chamber including a housing, in the upper part of which there is an exhaust pipe and an input of a swirling secondary stream, and in the lower part a dust-collecting chamber, an input of a swirling primary stream with an axial cylinder and a baffle plate, an unloading hole, and a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust collection chamber to the separation chamber with a pipe and a flow regulator, characterized in that the input of the swirling secondary stream contains a swirl and diffuser at the inlet, and in The upper part of the housing of the separation chamber is oval, a flasher is installed in the lower part of the axial cylinder for unloading dust or primary input, and the nozzle of the recirculation unit is made in the form of a pipe with an opening, the cross-sectional area of which is regulated by the movement of the ring mounted on the pipe.  5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the input of the swirling primary stream contains a swirl and a subsequent diffuser, and the upper part of the housing of the axial cylinder of the primary input is oval.  6. A device for vortex dust collection containing a separation chamber including a housing, in the upper part of which there is an exhaust pipe and an input of a swirling secondary stream, and in the lower part a dust-collecting chamber, an input of a swirling primary stream with an axial cylinder and a baffle plate, an unloading hole, and a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber to a separation chamber with a flow regulator, characterized in that a divider-swirl is installed having a housing with a tangent located in the upper part lnym inlet, the discharge port for dust located at the bottom of the housing, and upper and lower axial exhaust nozzles, diffusers connected via the primary and secondary inlets into the separation chamber.

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