RU2509609C1 - Dust vortex separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to removal of dust from gas in various industries (chemical, mining, food, textile, etc) in power engineering and exploits spinned or swirled flows. Proposed device comprises separation chamber with axial discharge pipe and tangential inlet of swirled secondary flow arranged at top section thereof. Dust collection chamber with discharge opening is communicated with bottom part. Tangential pipe for feed of primary flow connected with axial cylinder is secured to said bottom part. Outlet opening of said cylinder and baffle washer aligned therewith are located in separation chamber. Tangential pipe incorporates assy to circulate flow from dust collection chamber into separation chamber with flow regulator. Separation chamber is equipped with concave circular fairing secured at discharge pipe, said fairing being arranged with clearance between its edge and separation chamber top wall. Preferably, separation chamber top wall in axial section is shaped to semi-oval. Preferably, openings arranged in circle are made at discharge pipe section located in separation chamber.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for the purification of gases from dust in various industries (chemical, mining, food, textile, etc.) and in the energy sector and is based on the use of swirling or vortex flows.

A device for vortex dust collection, which contains a separation chamber, in the upper part of which there is an exhaust pipe and an input of the secondary stream, and a dust chamber is connected to the lower part, on which a pipe for input of the primary stream is connected, connected to an axial cylinder, the outlet of which is coaxial to it the breaker washer is located in the separation chamber (book Sazhin B.S., Gudim L.I. Vortex dust collectors, Chemistry, 1995, p. 12, Fig. 1.26).

The disadvantages of this device are the lack of a circulation unit from the dust chamber to the separation zone, increased hydraulic resistance due to a sharp change in the cross section of the input secondary stream at the entrance to the apparatus, the absence of an additional twisting and braking unit for the secondary input stream, contributing to the intensification of dust coagulation. In addition, there is no device for removing dust from the exhaust pipe. These disadvantages significantly reduce the efficiency of dust collection.

A device for vortex dust collection, which contains a separation chamber, in the upper part of which there is an exhaust pipe and an input of the secondary stream, and a dust chamber is connected to the lower part, on which a pipe for input of the primary stream is connected, connected to an axial cylinder, the outlet of which is coaxial to it a bump washer is located in the separation chamber. This device also contains a circulation unit from the dust chamber to the separation chamber, an additional twisting and braking unit of the secondary input stream, which contributes to the intensification of dust coagulation (RF patent No. 2132750, publ. 07/10/1999).

The disadvantages of this device are the lack of a smooth entry of the secondary stream into the apparatus, as well as the lack of dust removal from the inner surface of the exhaust pipe, which increases the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus and reduces the efficiency of dust collection.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of dust collection.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the vortex dust collection device containing a separation chamber, in the upper part of which there is an axial exhaust pipe and a tangential inlet of a swirling secondary stream, and a dust collecting chamber with a discharge opening is connected to the lower part, on which a tangential pipe for inputting the primary stream is fixed connected to an axial cylinder, the outlet of which and the coaxial baffle plate are located in the separation chamber, and the tangential pipe in made with a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber to a separation chamber with a flow regulator; according to the change, a concave-shaped annular cowl mounted with a gap between its edge and the upper wall of the separation chamber is fixed on the exhaust pipe in the separation chamber.

Preferably, the upper wall of the separation chamber in axial section is semi-oval in shape.

Preferably, holes are provided in an annular line on a portion of the exhaust pipe located in the separation chamber.

In the proposed device, there is no sharp change in cross section as the secondary stream moves due to the concave shape of the upper part of the body and the annular cowl, which reduces the hydraulic resistance both at the entrance to the apparatus and inside it, and ultimately increases the cleaning efficiency. The holes for removing dust along the circular line on the part of the exhaust pipe immersed in the separation chamber, the use of a concave annular fairing mounted on the exhaust pipe with a gap between the edge of the cowling and the upper wall of the separation chamber, allows dust to be removed from the inner surface of the exhaust pipe, in the dust chamber, which provides an additional increase in the efficiency of dust collection. The ability to control the size of the gap between the edge of the fairing and the upper wall of the separation chamber allows you to control the flow of dust that returns from the exhaust pipe into the apparatus. Due to this, the amount of dust carried away from the apparatus is reduced, that is, the dust collection efficiency is increased. The gap between the edge of the fairing and the upper wall of the separation chamber is selected depending on the properties of the dust (size, concentration and density of its particles). The movement of the fairing allows you to adjust the size of this gap. The application of the principle and additional swirling devices and input flow braking devices promotes intensive coagulation of dust, its separation in the separation chamber and increase cleaning efficiency. The use of the tangential input of the secondary swirling flow with a swirl and expander, a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber to the area located above the baffle plate, which includes an adjustable opening on the tangential pipe for introducing the primary flow, also increases the efficiency of dust collection. If possible, a smooth change in the cross section of the flows is organized along the entire route, which reduces the hydraulic resistance in this device. The separation of dust particles from the streams is also organized along the entire route, which ensures the maximum increase in the efficiency of dust collection in this device.

The proposed device vortex dust collection makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of dust collection.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing (figure 1), where:

1 - separation chamber;

2 - swirl;

3 - diffuser;

4 - an exhaust pipe;

5 - fairing;

6 - the gap between the edge of the fairing and the upper wall of the separation chamber;

7 - holes in a circular line;

8 - dust chamber;

9 - tangential pipe for input of the primary flow;

10 - axial cylinder;

11 - a jack washer;

12 - hole;

13 - a movable ring;

14 - discharge hole;

15 - tangential input swirling secondary flow.

A device for vortex dust collection contains a separation chamber 1, in the upper part of which are located an axial exhaust pipe 4 and a tangential inlet 15 of the swirling secondary stream (figure 1). And with the lower part of the separation chamber 1, a dust collecting chamber 8 is connected with an unloading hole 14, on which a tangential pipe 9 for introducing the primary flow is fixed, connected to the axial cylinder 10. The outlet of the axial cylinder 10 and the coaxial bump washer 11 are located in the separation chamber 1. Moreover, the tangential pipe 9 is made with a node for recirculating the flow from the dust chamber 8 to the separation chamber with a flow regulator including a movable ring 13 and a hole 12 (Fig. 1). An annular fairing 5 is mounted on the exhaust pipe 4, installed with a gap 6 between its edge and the upper wall of the separation chamber 1. The size of the gap 6 between the edge of the fairing 5 and the upper wall of the separation chamber 1 is adjusted by moving the fairing 5, according to dust properties (size, concentration and the density of its particles). On the part of the exhaust pipe 4 located in the separation chamber 1 (FIG. 1), openings 7 are made in an annular line. The upper wall of the separation chamber 1 in axial section is made in the form of a semi-oval.

A device for vortex dust collection works as follows.

Dusty gas is fed into the separation chamber 1, the upper part of which is made in the form of a semi-oval to reduce hydraulic flow losses and maintain additional twisting of the supplied gas (Fig. 1). Dusty gas is supplied tangentially through a swirl 2 (scapular, axial, snail, or other type), where it acquires rotation in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the separation chamber 1, and, moving through the diffuser 3, slows down (is braked). Inhibition of flow can also be achieved by the rough, wavy surface of the tangential inlet 15 for introducing a secondary stream. When braking a rotating flow, the dust particles contained in it rush to the center of rotation, where they are combined into aggregates, often in the form of a bundle (intense coagulation of dust particles occurs). The dust coagulation process ends in the separation chamber 1 itself, where the secondary stream is fed tangentially and where it acquires a second rotation around the axis of the apparatus. Dust removed from the inner surface of the exhaust pipe 4 through openings 7 and the gap 6 also flows here. Under the action of centrifugal forces in the separation chamber 1, rotating dust aggregates are thrown to the wall of the chamber 1. The centrifugal force is proportional to the mass of aggregated particles. The larger the aggregates of particles, the greater their mass and the faster they reach the wall of chamber 1 and the higher the degree of gas purification. The particle aggregates, rotating under the action of gravity, are lowered along the wall of the chamber 1 into the gap between the wall and the baffle plate 11, and then lowered in the dust chamber 8 to the discharge hole 14. The presence of an annular cowl 5 is mounted on the outer surface of the exhaust pipe 4, minimizes the hydraulic resistance of the rotating secondary stream, thereby contributing to the preservation of dust particle aggregates and increase the efficiency of dust collection. The dusty gas of the tangential primary stream enters the separation chamber through the tangential pipe 9 and the axial cylinder 10, where it is separated by interacting with the secondary stream. To entrain dust into the gap between the walls of the chamber 1 and the baffle plate 11, a unit for recirculating the flow from the dust collecting chamber 8 to the zone located above the baffle plate 11, including an opening 12 on the tangential pipe 9 and a movable ring 13. is used. The flow moving in the tangential pipe 9, sucks gas through the hole 12 from the dust chamber 8. By adjusting the degree of opening of the hole 12, by moving the ring 13, set the required flow rate of the circulation stream.

Thus, the proposed device for vortex dust collection increases the efficiency of dust collection.

Claims (3)

1. A device for vortex dust collection containing a separation chamber, in the upper part of which there is an axial exhaust pipe and a tangential inlet of a swirling secondary stream, and a dust collecting chamber with a discharge opening is connected to the lower part, on which a tangential pipe for inputting the primary stream is connected, connected to the axial a cylinder, the outlet of which and the coaxial baffle plate are located in the separation chamber, the tangential branch pipe being made with a flow recirculation unit from ylesbornoy chamber into the separation chamber with a flow regulator, characterized in that in the separation chamber to the exhaust pipe is fixed annular cone concave shape mounted with a gap between its edge and the top wall of the separation chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper wall of the separation chamber in axial section has the shape of a semi-oval. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the part of the exhaust pipe located in the separation chamber, openings are made along an annular line.